1.No. 721正法念處經，元魏婆羅門瞿曇般若流支譯
2.藏譯英The Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma, Saddharma smṛtyupasthāna https://read.84000.co/translation/toh287.html.
地獄品之十
又彼比丘觀察偷盜，樂行多作所受果報。彼見聞知：如是偷盜惡業行人，旋火之輪，乾闥婆城鹿愛相似，大財物聚地獄中見，有金珠寶、衣裳財物，種種各異和合聚集。彼惡業人如是見已，生於貪心，貪癡業誑生如是心：『彼財物者，是我財物。』
2. 1047 “Next the monk will concern himself with the experiences that result from resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of stealing. As he examines things with knowledge derived from hearing, he will see how some people, who have maintained an unwholesome livelihood based on flawed actions, may now perceive things, which are actually like a firebrand, a gandharva city, or the mirage seen by thirsting deer, to be treasures, jewels, garments, valuables, or stores of grain. Overwhelmed by craving and bewildered about the nature of karmic action, they may at this point begin to think, ‘These things are mine!’
如是癡人以惡業故，於焰火燃炭聚中過，走趣彼物。惡業所作，閻魔羅人即以刀網，取彼罪人一切身分，劈割燒盡唯有骨在。無始世來貪心不捨，如是受苦猶憶不忘。
Those who engage in unwholesome actions in this way will then first have to cross a river of glowing embers. Once on the other shore, [F.258.a] they will again perceive such things and start running toward them. However, they will be apprehended by the henchmen of the Lord of Death and kept in a net of sharp strings. Thus, all their major and minor body parts will be cleaved, cut, and burned until not even a trace of their bones remains. Yet, even in such situations, those who have been stuck since time without beginning will be unable to give up their craving.
爾時，世尊而說偈言：
慢心嫉煙髻，分別取他物，貪心火燒人，世間火燒木。cf. Dhs.8.9-17
2. 1048 “At this point, there are some verses: “Due to the firewood of thought, Pride and envy will blaze like fire. The fire that burns wood will not burn the whole world, But the fire of desire will.
貪毒所齧人，彼人叵寂靜，數數喜樂貪，又復更增長。
2. 1049 “Those infected with the poison of desire Will not have any happiness. The more one adheres to and indulges in desire, The more there will be of it in the future.
猶如火得薪，貪心如是長，火燒人得走，貪燒不可避。
2. 1050 “For each single desire There will be many more. Thus, one may avoid actual fire, But not the fire of desire.
貪人如輪轉，貪心誑惑人，無始終世界，更無始貪怨。
2. 1051 “Those fooled by desire Spin through the world as if on a wheel. In the world having no beginning, There is no enemy like desire.
貪心所誑人，入於海水中，入饒刀頭處，因貪心故受。
2. 1052 “Those fooled by desire Enter the waters of the ocean. They proceed into the battlefield, So dark and full of weapons.
貪因緣作王，迭互相殺害，離母子和合，愛物入頭處。
2. 1053 “Because of desire, the rulers of the land Destroy one another. Craving wealth brings even mother and child Into battle with each other.
若得脫愛毒，彼人捨貪火，若人金土等，則近於涅槃。
2. 1054 “Those who are free from the poison of desire, Who have relinquished the burning coals of desire,And for whom rock and gold are the same, Will reach the transcendence of suffering.
戒為最勝財，日為第一光，財物可散壞，戒常不失減。
2. 1055 “Among all wealth, discipline is supreme; It resembles a brilliant sun. Wealth may come and go, But discipline always remains.
持戒生三天，復生禪境界，戒光無相似，此世未來世。
2. 1056 “With discipline one will reach the Heaven of the Thirty-Three, As well as the fields of concentration. In this world and beyond, Nothing has a glory greater than discipline.
若滅貪火者，以智慧為水，不滅貪心人，解脫不可得。
2. 1057 “Those born in Ultimate Torment Are burned by their craving for wealth. [F.258.b] Wherever the flame of desire ignites, There will be fire.
彼地獄人於彼貪火如是燒已，復入阿鼻第二火燒，復墮嶮岸在利刀處，三倍極燒。彼地獄處如旋火輪，乾闥婆城鹿愛相似，如是物貪，如夢所見。閻魔羅人執地獄人，乃過無量百千年歲與大苦惱，偷盜業故。
2. 1058 “The wise work at extinguishing that fire With the water of wakefulness. Unless one gives up craving, The transcendence of suffering will remain far away.
2. 1059 “Thus, the burning of these beings is threefold —they are burned by the fire of their desires, the fire of Ultimate Torment, and the weapons that shower down upon them. In this way the hell beings who stole wealth, which is like a firebrand, a gandharva city, or thirsting deer, will be subjected to torture for many hundreds of thousands of years by henchmen of the Lord of Death, who are like characters in a nightmare.
又彼比丘觀察阿鼻邪行業果，彼見：如是作惡業人，彼鐵惡處既得脫已，過火聚已，惡業轉故，更入異處名邪見處。彼惡業故，見有婦女，如本人中先所見者、先所行者，彼既見已，無始來習欲火發起，即便疾走趣彼婦女。
2. 1060 “Next, the monk will examine the effects of sexual misconduct, as they ripen in Ultimate Torment. He will see that once evildoers escape from the torturous weapons, they will cross a river of burning coals —a product of their karmic action —and then enter a place called Misunderstanding. There they will see women they had otherwise forgotten. The fire of desire, to which they have been habituated since time without beginning, will blaze at the sight, and so they will run toward them.
彼婦女者，惡業所作身皆是鐵，既前到已，為彼所抱，復嗚其口、食其脣等，無有在者如芥子許，身亦食盡，盡已復生，生已復食，食已復生，彼人如是受堅鞕苦。彼人如是欲火不捨，復於異處更見婦女，欲火所燒，疾走往趣，不念苦惱。
Yet the women are products of karmic action. They are women of iron, who now catch the hell beings. Eating their tongues, and so forth, they will consume their bodies entirely so that not even a morsel the size of a sesame seed remains. Then the hell beings will revive, only to be eaten once more. Yet, even as they experience this vicious suffering, they cannot stop the fire of desire, and so they will, again and again, run to the place where they see the females. For as long as they keep being wounded by the fire of desire, they will not care about being harmed by suffering.
彼婦女者，身是金剛鐵火焰燃，抱彼罪人，抱即破碎如摧沙摶，一切身散，散已復生；生已復散，散已復生。又復更走，如是受苦欲心不定。
Thus, the women will grasp the hell beings with their flaming bodies of vajra and iron [F.259.a] and destroy them as when a handful of sand is scattered. Their entire body will be pulverized, and then they are revived. Yet, they will continue rushing toward the females because their desires still have not calmed.
如是比丘見彼處已聞知亦爾，而說偈言：
2. 1061 “Seeing this, the monk will contemplate it, and with knowledge derived from hearing proclaim the following verses:
女為惡根本，能失一切物，若人樂婦女，樂則不可得。cf. Dhs.9.1-6
“ ‘Women are the basis of the lower realms And cause all wealth to drain away. How could a man who listens to women Ever find any happiness?
一切法中惡，婦女多諂妬，丈夫因婦女，能令二世失。
2. 1062 “ ‘Women are fond of senseless things, Deceitful, and full of envy. They destroy both this world and the next As they hover in front of men.
婦女樂行欲，婦女常行誑，心中所念異，口說異言語。
2. 1063 “ ‘Their words are not reliable in the slightest, But they are highly skilled in causing desire. In their hearts they think one thing, But with their mouths they say something else.
初時軟滑語，後心如金剛，非恩非供養，心輕不憶念。
2. 1064 “ ‘First, they are mild and gentle; Later, their minds are like vajra. They have no sense of gratitude, And never remember to show respect.
百恩而不念，而計於一惡，心如鹿愛體，婦女惡業地。
2. 1065 “ ‘They will ignore a hundred good things But remember a single bad thing. Women are the basis of all that is unwholesome, And the nature of their hearts is like lightning.
丈夫欲染心，婦女令人失，此世未來世，女失第一失。cf. Dhs.9.1-6
2. 1066 “ ‘For men with desirous minds, Women are the cause of ruin. In this world and beyond, Women are the destroyers among destroyers.
若欲受樂者，應當捨婦女，若捨婦女者，世間第一樂。cf. Dhs.9.88
2. 1067 “ ‘If you wish for supreme happiness, Renounce women completely. He who always stays clear of women Is happy in this world and beyond.
若人欲斷愛，悕望大富樂，欲至寂靜處，彼應捨婦女。cf. Dhs.9.89
2. 1068 “ ‘The man who longs to be free from poverty,Wants to be wealthy, Or wishes to transcend all suffering Should give up women.’
以癡心故，如是無量百千年歲，燒煮破壞又復更生。彼人彼處若得脫已，復入火聚，燒已煮已，飢渴所逼，處處馳走。
2. 1069 “Those whose hearts are completely bewildered must in this way remain in Misunderstanding to be burned, cleaved, killed, and revived for many hundreds of thousands of years. If at some point they escape from there, they will sink into a river of burning embers. When they emerge again, severely burned, they will be tormented by hunger and thirst, and so they will try to flee as best they can.
又彼比丘觀察阿鼻不善滿足妄語業人，樂行多作所受果報。彼見聞知：妄語業人在彼地獄飢渴亂燒，彼有大力閻魔羅人執彼罪人而問之曰：『汝何所患？』答言：『飢渴。』
2. 1070 “Next the monk will examine [F.259.b] the results of resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing the unvirtuous actions of lying that are associated with Ultimate Torment. As he examines things with knowledge derived from hearing, he will see how the powerful henchmen of the Lord of Death will apprehend the hell beings, who suffer exasperating starvation and thirst. The henchmen will then ask the hell beings, ‘Friends, what is the matter?’ “ ‘We are starving!’ will come the reply of those who are driven by the power of karmic action.
閻魔羅人執集業人，即擘其口而出其舌，惡業力故。如是惡舌五由旬量，妄語果故。彼舌既出，閻魔羅人即取敷置焰燃鐵地，以惡業故，作一千犁，在彼地處犁頭焰燃，極大力牛，百到千到、若來若去縱橫耕之，膿血成河，河中有虫。又復舌中多饒虫生，舌極柔軟，如天服軟。
2. 1071 “The henchmen will then grab them, force open their mouths, and pull out their tongues, which by the power of karmic action have now become five hundred leagues in length. Next, as a result of having lied, the henchmen will stretch each hell being’s tongue upon the ground of flaming iron, and set about furrowing it with karmically produced plows that have burning blades and are pulled by one thousand powerful oxen. Tramping along on top of the tongue, they plow their way through it and rend it open. From the ensuing wounds stream rivers of blood, pus, and worms, and the tongue, infected with pus and worms, becomes as sensitive as the eyes of the gods.
如是軟舌縱橫耕已，復更生合，合已復耕。如是無量百千億歲，如是惡舌受惡苦惱，惡苦堅鞕不可忍耐，彼人受苦，唱喚號哭，孤獨無救。
Where the plowing has been completed, the tongue will be restored to normal, and so this unbearably painful plowing will go on for many hundreds of thousands, or even many millions, of years. Undergoing a pain that is fierce and excruciating, more harrowing than any other, these beings will suffer unbearably. In their tormented state they will scream, wail, and moan, yet no one can alleviate their pain.
如是惡業，非是母作亦非父作，亦非天作，又復非是異丈夫作，非是不作，非異處來，自作不失，不作不得，作業受果。
That which they did themselves was not done by their parents, nor by a god, nor by other people. It did not happen by chance, it did not arrive from some other place, and it will not dissipate, because the actions that they committed themselves will bear such consequences.
彼人如是受苦叫喚，閻魔羅人為呵責之，而說偈言：
Hence, to the wailing hell beings the henchmen of the Lord of Death utter these verses of injunction:
應捨離堅惡，無美味妄語，妄語說之人，心輕不久失。
2. 1072 “ ‘As it is fierce, vicious, and without pleasure, [F.260.a] Give up lying. People who lie Destroy their own minds.
不信如是處，一切善人捨，不愛如怨家，健者能捨離。
2. 1073 “ ‘Not to be trusted, Liars are spurned by the wise. When one is deceived oneself, One will lie to others.
妄語先自誑，然後誑他人，若不捨妄語，自他俱破壞。
2. 1074 “ ‘Heroic people therefore Treat liars as enemies. Before both you and others are destroyed, First inappropriate words are spoken.
妄語言說人，先自口破壞，彼人天捨離，終到惡處去。
2. 1075 “ ‘If one is not abandoned by humans, One will be abandoned by the gods. The intention to lie is degrading And makes one stray downward.
若喜樂妄語，彼人無好處，世出世間道，妄語故捨離。
2. 1076 “ ‘Those who are brought down by falsity Will find no occasion for happiness. In the world and on the path beyond it, Liars are despised.
妄語堅報堅，黠慧人捨離，依止妄語人，到於地獄處。
2. 1077 “ ‘The ripening of careful discernment Is that lying will be relinquished. Thus, remaining a liar Can be understood to be hell.
實說人中勝，一切人供養，妄語一切捨，如是應實語。
2. 1078 “ ‘The supreme person who speaks the truth Is honored by the entire world. The liar is spurned And the truth will prevail.
若不殺實語，軟心悲眾生，實語為天階，實為第一法。
2. 1079 “ ‘If without aggression one speaks the truth, One will be loved and heeded by all the spirits. Truth is the staircase to the higher realms And the great source of the Dharma.
若人地獄行，閻魔羅人前，彼因緣妄語，智者如是說。
2. 1080 “ ‘Those who travel to the realm of the Lord of Death, Or who journey to hell, Do so because of lying And because of unskillful words.
毒羂鉤相似，如刀如火等，若說妄語者，多受惡果報。
2. 1081 “ ‘Lies are like poison, shackles, chains, Toxins, weapons, and fire —Therefore, do not speak any lies For they cause a mass of suffering!
欲求善業果，欲得見真諦，常應實語說，捨離惡妄語。
2. 1082 “ ‘The effects of hostile deeds are such That those who display them will die. Those who speak words of peace Thereby avoid all scorn.’
彼地獄人受如是等堅鞕苦惱，如是無量百千年歲犁耕其舌，彼妄語人舌還入口。彼人怖畏，破口破面處處馳走，墮炭火聚，入已被燒，彼人如是受大苦惱。
2. 1083 “Thus, the beings of hell will experience unbearable suffering as they keep having their tongues torn out for many hundreds of thousands of years. At some point afterward they may happen to get their tongues back in their mouths, and then set off running in horror and terror, with pale faces. [F.260.b] However, they will then fall into a river of blazing embers, which burns them up.
無救無歸。更復有餘閻魔羅人手執棒刀，彼地獄人從頭至足皆令破散，唱喚啼哭而常不息。阿鼻之火常極燒燃。
As they are carried along, helpless and without refuge or protector, the tormented hell beings are apprehended by henchmen of the Lord of Death who wield hammers and swords. The wailing beings, who thus continue to burn in the fires of Ultimate Torment, are then pummeled with the weapons of the henchmen so that everything from their brains to their feet is reduced to powder.
又彼比丘觀察兩舌，樂行多作所得果報。彼見聞知此地獄人兩舌業果：兩舌因故，復到極惡地獄之中，彼處更有閻魔羅人轉更甚惡——罪人見之——問罪人曰：『汝何所患？』
2. 1084 “Next the monk will examine the ripening of resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of divisive talk. As he examines this with knowledge derived from hearing, he will see how beings who experience the effects of divisive talk will enter another unbearable realm. There they will encounter formidable henchmen of the Lord of Death, and the henchmen will lay hold of them and ask, ‘Friends, what is bothering you?’
答言：『患飢。』閻魔羅人即擘其口，挽出其舌，手中提之，如是舌量三百由旬，如是普出。彼閻魔羅無慈惡人取焰鐵刀，刃利焰燃，割舌一廂，彼舌一廂有狗野干豺等食之，彼受如是極惡苦惱，唱喚號哭聲自不止。
2. 1085 “When the hell beings reply that they are starving, the henchmen will forcefully open their mouths and pull out their tongues using their hands, stretching them to a length of three hundred leagues. The henchmen will then take up flaming swords and begin to chop up the giant tongues, and foxes and dogs will chew into them from the sides. Thus, the hell beings will undergo supremely painful experiences. As they now are missing their tongues, they will cry out in garbled words and wail.
彼地獄人如是唱喚，閻魔羅人呵責之故而說偈言：
At that point the henchmen of the Lord of Death will deliver these verses of injunction: [B16]
汝以破壞心，而作多語說，一切法中垢，彼果如是煮。cf. Dhs.16.108-109
2. 1086 “ ‘With a surfeit of intentions to divide others You said plenty of things That were of an unwholesome nature, And thus you now have ended up here.
破壞語惡人，生處常孤獨，何人兩舌說，善人所不讚。
2. 1087 “ ‘Those who appreciate animosity Will constantly try to break apart [F.261.a] Friends and those who are near and dear to each other. Holy people despise divisive talk.
生處常凡鄙，在於惡處生，若人兩舌說，則是癡所秉。
2. 1088 “ ‘Wherever one may be born in the dreadful existences, One’s birth will always be an inferior one, And the practice of divisive talk Will bring one under the power of delusion.
惡業行之人，常被地獄燒，若人樂作惡，彼常兩舌說。
2. 1089 “ ‘Engaging in divisive talk Means resorting to the unwholesome, And unwholesome actions will again and again Make one boil in hell.
第一惡所誑，密言不隱覆，兩舌人兩面，常食他背肉。
2. 1090 “ ‘Divisive talkers speak with a forked tongue, And later their flesh will be consumed completely. This destroys true harmony And reverses all spells. 142
若人捨兩舌，彼人常堅密，知識兄弟等，常不曾捨離。
2. 1091 “ ‘Those who give up divisive talk Will always be successful. Such people will never lose Friends and dear ones.
若人捨兩舌，常護王密語，捨兩舌寂靜，若人離妬惡。
2. 1092 “ ‘Relinquishing divisive talk Leads to excellent peace and freedom from evil. The rulers of the land will always Confide in such people.
何故不行法？何不捨兩舌？今受兩舌果，何故心生悔？cf. Dhs.16.110
2. 1093 “ ‘Without any practice of Dharma, And without giving up divisive talk, You will experience its effects, So what are you wailing about today?’
閻魔羅人如是呵責地獄人已，受舌苦人，入大苦海，乃過無量百千年歲，彼人惡業。若脫彼處堅鞕苦已，舌還如本，更不復見閻魔羅人。
2. 1094 “After they have been admonished in this way, the beings of hell will sink into the misery of having their tongues tortured for many hundreds of thousands of years. At some point, in the midst of their viciously excruciating pain, their tongues will become small again and the henchmen of the Lord of Death will disappear.
彼地獄人既得脫於地獄中苦，處處急走，受第一苦不可忍耐，惡業風力吹惡報薪，大火燒燃，處處急走。彼處復有閻魔羅人執而問曰：『汝何所患？』惡業因緣，即便答言：『我今患飢。』
Thus, free from the former torture, the hell beings, who still suffer unbearably intense pain due to the fires created by the force of the firewood of karmic action and the stoking gales of karmic ripening, will take off as best they can. Yet they will again be apprehended by the henchmen of the Lord of Death who ask, ‘Friends, what is ailing you?’ “Those driven by karmic action will answer, ‘Our tongues hurt terribly.’
閻魔羅人即擘其口而取其舌，大勢力人以刀割之，驅令自噉。彼患飢急，即自食舌，涎血流出。彼人如是自食其舌，彼舌如是割已復生，割已復生。
2. 1095 “At that point the henchmen will grasp the tongues of the hell beings and cut them to pieces with sharp weapons. Then they will feed the pieces back to the hell beings. Thus, tormented by hunger and thirst, and with their mouths ravaged, [F.261.b] the hell beings will consume their own blood, spit, and tongues.
業羂力故，宛轉在地，唱喚號哭。彼人苦惱，眼轉睛動，受大苦惱，孤獨無伴，自作自受。
2. 1096 “By the power of karmic action, the chopped tongues will then grow back. Crawling and rolling on the ground, the wretched hell beings will howl and roll their eyes in pain. Miserable and tormented, alone and without friends, they must experience the consequences of their own actions.
閻魔羅人為呵責之，而說偈言：
舌弓之所放，利口語火箭，若人惡口說，彼果此相似。cf. Dhs.16.111
At this point the henchmen will instruct them:
2. 1097 “ ‘You spoke harsh words That were sharp like arrows Shot from the bow of your tongue, And thus you have now ended up here.
如世食肉者，一切人捨離，若人惡口說，彼人舌如毒。
2. 1098 “ ‘Those who speak harsh words With a poisonous tongue Will be seen as flesh-eating demons, And thus shunned by the world.
刀火毒等惡，此惡非大惡，若人惡口說，此惡是大惡。
2. 1099 “ ‘When hurtful and harsh Words are spoken, The harm that ensues from such evil Is unlike that of fire, weapons, or poison.
舌鑽能生火，在心中增長，人中惡口火，如燒乾燥薪。
2. 1100 “ ‘The fire of harsh words sets the world ablaze. It appears from the tongue, which is like a wooden stick, And is ignited by motivation, which is like firewood, Burning through the world like dry timber.
若人樂甜語，一切人供養，如自母無異，心喜如己父。
2. 1101 “ ‘Those who delight in speaking pleasantly Will be honored by the whole world. Like a mother or father to the entire world, Such a person will be appreciated everywhere.
甜語第一善，因樂果亦樂，不盡能除惡，利一切世間。
2. 1102 “ ‘Pleasant speech is virtuous in the beginning; Delightful and gentle, it causes delight. Dispelling unbearable evil, It purifies all that is ugly.
甜語為天階，甜為第一藏，甜為世間眼，甜如蜜無異。
2. 1103 “ ‘Pleasant words are the stairway to heaven, Because pleasant words are a treasure of virtue. Pleasant words are the world’s friend, For with pleasant words great success is accomplished.
惡口第一惡，說已到地獄，汝舌作自受，今何故生悔？cf. Dhs.16.112
2. 1104 “ ‘You spoke harsh words And have thus ended up in a horrible hell, Where also your tongues will be tortured — So why are you crying today?’
閻魔羅人如是呵責地獄罪人。乃過無量百千年歲，彼惡業人妄語惡口，樂行多作、教他隨喜，受如是苦。
2. 1105 “Having received such admonition, the liars —meaning those who resorted to, became habituated to, increased, rejoiced in, and failed to confess acts of lying —will be tortured for many hundreds of thousands of years. [F.262.a]
若脫彼處，處處馳走，又復更有閻魔羅人執持極燒，與大苦惱。
2. 1106 “If at some point they escape this condition, they will run off as best they can. Henchmen of the Lord of Death will then catch them and subject them to extremely intense and painful torture.
又彼比丘觀察綺語，樂行多作，惡業果報。彼見聞知：此地獄人自業果報受極苦惱，第一苦逼，得脫如是閻魔羅人，處處馳走，復更為餘閻魔羅人執捉問言：『汝何所患？』彼即答言：『患飢極渴。』而說偈言：
2. 1107 “Next, the monk will examine the ripening of the karmic effects of resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of chatter. As he applies knowledge derived from hearing he will see how the beings of hell, experiencing the consequences of their own actions, will escape from the henchmen in great pain and misery, and so run off as best they can. But once again other henchmen will apprehend them and ask, ‘Friends, what is ailing you?’ When they answer that they suffer from hunger and first, the henchmen will utter the following verses:
自身功德盡，自身鑽所生，鐵火燒飢渴，我受惡燒苦。cf. Dhs.16.113-116
2. 1108 “ ‘From the bodies of thousands of the lowliest of beings, A fire drill stick will emerge, Producing a fire of hunger and thirst That burns them unbearably.
如氷雪於火，如須彌芥子，飢於地獄火，其勝亦如是。
2. 1109 “ ‘Snow is very different from fire, And a sesame seed very different from Mount Sumeru. The starvation that burns the beings of hell Is, similarly, of a very exceptional kind.
地獄火勢力，不行於異處，如是飢渴火，天中亦能到。
2. 1110 “ ‘The fire that burns in hell Is especially destructive. Even the gods do not possess A fire as fierce as that which comes from starvation and thirst.
如此地獄中，受餘重苦惱，如是苦雖重，不如渴火苦。
2. 1111 “ ‘Unbearable injuries are what Happen to one who is in hell. But they cannot harm in any way that compares To the fire of starvation.’
閻魔羅使聞彼語已，焰燃鐵鉗以擘其口，焰燃鐵鉢盛赤銅汁，熱沸焰燃置其口中，彼不相應綺語罪過故燒其舌，即時消洋如雪在火。
2. 1112 “When the hell beings have heard these verses, the henchmen will take up flaming tongs and use them to force open up the mouths of the hell beings. Then they will pour boiling copper into their gaping mouths. As when a little snow is thrown into a bonfire, their tongues will burn up in an instant.
彼地獄人受二種苦不可具說，如是燒已，唱聲大喚。以大喚故，更復多多內其口中，焰燃赤銅燒其舌已，次燒咽喉；燒咽喉已，次燒其心；既燒心已，次燒其腸；既燒腸已，次燒熟藏；燒熟藏已，從下而出。
Thus, tormented by two different kinds of fire, they will wail, cry, and moan, and,as their eyes roll in pain, [F.262.b] their tongues will be scorched by the boiling copper. From their tongues, the boiling copper keeps flowing downward, burning out their throats, then their hearts, and finally their small and large intestines.
如是罪人受苦唱喚，閻魔羅人即為說偈，呵責之言：
While they burn in this way, the henchmen will give these instructions in verse:
前後不縛句，無義不相應，汝本綺語說，彼果如是受。cf. Dhs.16.117
2. 1113 “ ‘You spoke out of context — Senselessly, aimlessly, And without relevance — Now this is the result.
若常不實說，若常不讀誦，彼則非是舌，唯可是肉臠。
2. 1114 “ ‘That which never speaks truthfully, And never addresses any proper topic, Is not what the wise consider a tongue — It is simply a lump of flesh.
若人常實語，常樂善功德，彼則是天階，乃得名為舌。
2. 1115 “ ‘That which always speaks the truth, Supports good qualities, and is constantly wholesome Is a stairway to the higher realms. That is what such people call a tongue.’
閻魔羅人如是呵責地獄罪人。既呵責已，復以熱沸洋赤銅汁，置彼地獄罪人口中，如是無量百千年歲，以不相應綺語說故，如是惡報。
2. 1116 “Instructing the hell beings in this way, the henchmen will pour boiling copper into their mouths, and thus make them continually suffer the miserable effects of irrelevant speech for many hundreds of thousands of years.
彼地獄人若得免離閻魔羅人，處處馳走，復入火聚，身體消洋，脚髀腰等在火聚中皆悉洋消，如生酥塊，洋已復生。彼人如是望救望歸，處處馳走。
Finally, as the henchmen let go of them, they will try to escape as best they can only to sink into a river of burning embers in which everything below their waist dissolves like a lump of butter. When their legs reappear, they will rush off as best they can, yearning for safety, refuge, and protection.
以惡業故，望見有城，滿中寶物他人守護。如是癡人惡業因故，心生貪著走向彼物，謂是已有。彼貪心人惡不善業，樂行多作所得果報，於地獄中心顛倒見，如是見已，以貪心故，望多受用。
2. 1117 “At some point they will perceive many forms of fake and worthless articles of wealth, created by karmic action. Those articles belong to others, but, driven by their karmic actions, the hell beings will think, ‘Those are mine!’ With that thought in mind they will rush toward them. This hallucination in hell is the result of having resorted to, become habituated to, and increased unvirtuous acts of covetousness. [F.263.a]
以貪心故，手中刀生，走向彼物，既到物所，以刀相斫，彼地獄人迭相削割，如是相割，唯有骨在，後復更生；生已更割，割已復生，乃過無量百千年歲。
As they run, seeing things while under the influence of overpowering covetousness, weapons will manifest in their hands. The same will happen to the other hell beings. At this point they will proceed to strike each other with their sharp weapons, hacking each other to pieces until nothing but bones remain. But they will again be revived, and resume the chopping. The nonstop slaughter and revival will go on in this way for many hundreds of thousands of years.
惡業所作，閻魔羅人手執利刀，[利-禾+皮]地獄人，捉地獄人一切割削，一切肉盡無芥子許，唯有骨在。彼地獄人唱喚號哭、憂愁苦惱，如是割削，削已復生。如以刀割，閻魔羅人若置河中，即復還活，如是如是，彼地獄人還復更生，如是受苦唱喚號哭。
2. 1118 “Finally, the henchmen of the Lord of Death, created by karmic action, will appear and confiscate the weapons from the hell beings. Then the henchmen will slaughter them all, mincing their flesh to pieces no bigger than sesame seeds, leaving nothing but pieces of bone behind. Screaming, wailing, and moaning, the hell beings will thus be slaughtered and cut up, only to be reborn. Just as when a child is killed by a crocodile, torn apart, pulled into the water, and then reborn, so these hell beings will keep being reborn. 143
閻魔羅人復為說偈，呵責之言：
To these wretched beings, wailing in misery, the henchmen will then utter the following verses:
貪所壞丈夫，為貪之所誑，於他物悕望，此間如是煮。
2. 1119 “ ‘People who are brought down by covetousness, Who are fooled by covetousness, Feel that they must take possession of the wealth of others, And in this way are deceived.
貪心惡不善，癡人心喜樂，貪心還自燒，如木中出火。
2. 1120 “ ‘Those who are absorbed in the evil of covetousness Will not be trusted by the wise. Like the fire of a bright candle, They will burn because of their previous deeds.
貪心甚為惡，令人到地獄，如是應捨貪，苦報毒惡物。
2. 1121 “ ‘Those who are influenced by the evil of covetousness Are creating their own misery. There will be vicious, poisonous ripening, So give up covetousness at all times! [F.263.b]
見他人富已，貪心望自得，彼貪生毒果，今來此處受。 cf. Dhs.16.118
2. 1122 “ ‘Seeing the fine circumstances of others And thinking “This must be mine!” Is what is known as the poison of covetousness, Due to which you have now ended up here.’
閻魔羅人如是責疏地獄罪人。既責疏已，然後多多與諸苦惱，如是無量百千年歲，乃至惡業未盡已來，時節長遠，與苦不止。彼地獄人若離彼處，望救望歸處處馳走，復入火聚，墮極焰燃熱鐵之地，宛轉復起，處處馳走，孤獨無伴。
2. 1123 “Thus, scorned and abused 144 by the henchmen, the hell beings will undergo the same torture for hundreds of thousands of years without being able to purify their evil. Finally, after a very long time, they will sink into a river of embers, and then escape. As they run off as best they can, they will stumble and fall upon a ground of red-hot iron. When they manage to get up, they will roam on, alone and unaccompanied.
惡業行人惡業怨家將入地獄，若復得離閻魔羅人，處處馳走。
However, driven by the power of their karmic actions, they will wander into the arms of enemies who are the product of their karmic actions. When they finally escape the henchmen, they will again rush off as best they can.
此人瞋心，樂行多作，果報今受，無救無歸，師子虎蛇惡瞋之類，現住其前。
2. 1124 “As they thus undergo the consequences of resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of covetousness, these hell beings will yearn for safety, refuge, and protection. Yet they will instead encounter ferocious lions, tigers, and snakes.
彼人怖畏，處處馳走，以惡業故而不能走，為彼所執，極大瞋怒，先食其頭，既被食頭，唱喚悲苦，宛轉在地，復有惡蛇，牙有惡毒而復齧之，而食其脇，虎食其背，火燒其足，閻魔羅人復遠射之，如是受苦。
In terror, they will do their best to avoid these predators, yet how could they escape, given their unwholesome actions? Helplessly, they will be snatched up by the furious beasts. Some of those creatures will proceed to eat their brains while they scream, wail, and shudder. Some of them will sink their sharp, venomous fangs into their sides, while the tigers bite into their backs. Meanwhile, their feet will be subjected to a burning fire and henchmen will shoot at them from a distance.
閻魔羅人復為說偈，呵責之言：
汝為瞋所燒，人中最凡鄙，復到此處燒，何故今唱喚？ cf. Dhs.16.119
As they suffer from such great misery, the henchmen will speak the following instructional verses:
2. 1125 “ ‘In the lowest of people Burns the fire of ill will. [F.264.a] It causes scorching upon scorching. So why do you cry so pointlessly?
瞋為第一因，令人生地獄，如繩繫縛汝，今得此苦惱。cf. Dhs.16.120
2. 1126 “ ‘Unbearable ill will Causes birth in hell. It is a rope that binds people And drags them along.
瞋心誑癡人，常念瞋不捨，不曾心寂靜，如蛇窟中住。
2. 1127 “ ‘Those blinded by ill will Always think in such terms And can never be at peace, Just like a viper in its den.
若人堅惡體，恒常多行瞋，彼人不得樂，如日中之闇。
2. 1128 “ ‘Those who harbor a wish to harm, And who are of a vicious nature, Will never experience any happiness, Just as if the sun went dark.
非法非多財、非知識非親，一切不能護，瞋恚亂心人。
2. 1129 “ ‘Those who harbor ill will in their hearts Cannot be protected by anything — Not by any friend or helper, Nor by the Dharma, nor by things.
於此世他世，能作黑闇果，復能到惡處，是故名為瞋。
2. 1130 “ ‘Ill will is explained As a dense darkness. Those who give rise to ill will, Are known as aggressive beings.
不瞋者第一，瞋人則不勝，若人捨離瞋，彼人趣涅槃。
2. 1131 “ ‘How could they be free from ill will? Being free from ill will is the perfect virtue. As those who harbor ill will pass away, They meet a terrible death.
汝以瞋因緣，到惡處地獄，業盡乃得脫，宛轉何所益？cf. Dhs.16.121
2. 1132 “ ‘Those motivated by ill will Arrive in a vicious hell. Only when their karmic actions are exhausted do they become free, And so no longer writhe in hell.’
閻魔羅人如是呵責地獄罪人，既呵責已，復更箭射；師子虎等多瞋畜生，以瞋因故殺而食之。彼業相似，得相似報，果似種故。如是罪人惡業果報，久時煮食，若脫彼處，望救望歸處處馳走。
2. 1133 “Having uttered these instructional verses, the henchmen, along with the lions and tigers, beat up and eat those who harbored ill will in accordance with their frame of mind. Just as when fruits grow from a seed, such is the karmic ripening of ill will, and so the beings of hell will, as a consequence of their actions, be tormented and consumed in this way. When they finally escape, they will run off as best they can, yearning for protection and refuge.
邪見惡因五逆果報得如是道，生在阿鼻。如是五逆，決定彼受，如業相似。
2. 1134 “Those motivated by the great evil of wrong view and the five acts with immediate consequences take this path. Thus, they are born in Ultimate Torment together with other beings who have accumulated the same acts with immediate consequences that are certain to be experienced. As soon as they appear in that hell, their distinctive experiences begin. [F.264.b]
彼地獄人在於何處？摩婆迦離及不蘭那、提婆達多、居迦離等，彼處燒煮。彼地獄人到大地獄，決定燒煮，彼受第一急惡苦惱。彼處苦者，何者苦惱？一切眾生不能說喻。如是阿鼻地獄罪人受大苦惱。
2. 1135 “Into this hell wandering non-Buddhists will be born, as well as the likes of Pūraṇa, Devadatta, and Kokālika. They must experience a suffering that is unbearably intense, more excruciating than anything else. It is not easy to find any example among other sentient beings to illustrate this suffering. Hence, this is the hell of Ultimate Torment.
惡業行人闇聚和集一切眾生。毛起地獄在上雨刀。阿鼻之人燒煮劈裂，又復更生，生已復裂，更劈更燒，雨金剛枷、雨金剛雹又復雨石破壞碎散。
Shrouded in darkness, at a location within the great hell of Ultimate Torment known as Making the Hair of All Beings Stand on End, the hell beings are boiled, burned, chopped, and subjected to a downpour of weapons. However, they are continuously revived, only to be carved up, cleaved, burned, and killed once more in a downpour of spears, vajras, hailstones, and rocks.
彼五逆人如是燒已，又復更有十一焰聚，受大苦惱不可忍耐。十方十焰，第十一者飢渴火聚，以飢渴故，口中焰出。彼人周匝十焰圍身，如是燒煮遍其身體，無有微細如毛孔許而不燒燃。
2. 1136 “As the perpetrators of the five acts with immediate consequences burn, they will encounter eleven fires that torment them in the extreme. Thus, there will be ten fires in the ten directions, while the eleventh fire blazes in their own mouths due to the hunger and thirst that the hell beings experience. Above, below, and to the sides their bodies will be enveloped in garlands of flames until not the slightest trace of them remains.
彼諸罪人平等被燒，乃至無有毛根許樂，故名阿鼻，乃至無有微少許樂，故名阿鼻。一切諸根、一切境界皆悉煮熟，以不正心故名阿鼻。此世間退，更無生處，唯生於彼。
2. 1137 “Because this fire will torment them in the most horrific ways, not even leaving a gap the size of a hair tip, this hell is known as Ultimate Torment. This is Ultimate Torment because here there is not even the briefest moment of relief. This is Ultimate Torment because all one’s faculties are burned by whichever object they may meet, and everything turns out the opposite of what one wanted. Yet when such beings die, they will not take birth anywhere else than precisely this great hell of Ultimate Torment again.
大地獄中苦更無過，時節無數，故名阿鼻。一切欲界所攝眾生，最為極下，故名阿鼻。如是阿鼻，更無過者，故名阿鼻。如是阿鼻，更無勝者，故名阿鼻。
This is Ultimate Torment because the misery is limitless, and the torment is constant. This Ultimate Torment, which lies below the entire desire realm, [F.265.a] is Ultimate Torment because there is no torment greater than this.
彼大地獄如頭已上，更無有物，如是阿鼻地處甚熱，亦復如是更無有上，故名阿鼻。彼阿鼻處其地最熱，更無有過，熱沸赤銅燒赤肉骨，更無過者，故名阿鼻。彼處地密，故名阿鼻。彼地獄處，脂肉骨髓一切焰燃，彼地獄人普皆焰燃，不可分別此人、彼人，微細中間更不可得，故名阿鼻。如山中河勢力不斷，晝夜常急，彼阿鼻處常受苦惱，勢力不斷。
2. 1138 “This is Ultimate Torment because the torturous afflictions that are visited on the heads of the beings in this great hell continue uninterruptedly. This realm, where the ground swells and stirs with boiling copper, blood, flesh, and bones, is Ultimate Torment because the burning of the skin, flesh, fat, bones, and marrow boggles the mind 145 and there is no limit to the suffering it causes. Like a forceful waterfall, the unimaginable tortures here continue to unravel and increase every day. This is Ultimate Torment because there is no end to the sufferings experienced here.
彼人苦惱不可休息乃至劫盡，復無中間，故名阿鼻。
This is Ultimate Torment because there is not even the slightest gap in the torment that occurs upon birth here, when the intermediate existence has ceased and the karmic actions to be experienced in other lives take effect.
彼人苦惱不可得說，此有少喻，如海水渧不可得數，如是如是，阿鼻地獄惡業行人所受苦惱，不可得數、不可得說，一切苦處更無有如阿鼻處者，以業重故，受苦亦重。
2. 1139 “These tortures cannot be expressed. Still, we can give some idea to illustrate it: just as counting the water drops contained in the ocean would not be easy, it is likewise not easy to enumerate or account for all the tortures that the beings in Ultimate Torment experience as the result of their five misdeeds.
若作一逆，彼人苦輕，若作二逆，彼人身大，受苦亦多，如是次第，一切身分皆悉轉大，苦亦如是。業因重故，如是苦因，更無相似，如受樂受，阿迦尼吒更無相似。
The heavy karmic actions associated with Ultimate Torment are so forceful that in comparison nothing else will seem painful at all. Still, if someone has carried out just a single act associated with Ultimate Torment, the tortures will be comparatively less. For the one who has carried out two such acts, his body will be larger due to the greater severity, and his suffering will be heavier due to cause and effect.
苦樂二處，如是上下，皆不可喻；如是上下，邊不可喻。何以故？以作惡業。作惡業故，因相似果於地獄中，在地獄邊，相似譬喻不可得故。
2. 1140 “There are no examples for anything that produces pleasure and inflicts pain in that realm because, while the desirable is pleasant and the undesirable is painful, there are no such examples of this to be found anywhere above, below, or in any direction. [F.265.b] The reason is that, while wholesome and unwholesome actions do produce concordant effects, the situation of these hell beings is not comparable to that.
彼人如是，或有一劫，或有減一劫，在彼燒煮，惡業盡已，爾乃得脫。以因盡故，其果乃盡，如火盡故其熱亦盡，如種失故其芽亦失。如是阿鼻地獄之人若惡業盡無氣爛壞，於彼地獄爾乃得脫。
2. 1141 “However, after these beings have burned for an eon or more, they will finally be free when their karmic actions are exhausted, for effects cease whenever their causes and conditions are exhausted. Thus, the intensely hot fires will die away. Just as crops will die away if there are no more seeds, so the beings of this hell will be free once their karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
若得脫已，餘殘業果，針孔山巖餓鬼中生。既生彼處，飢渴燒身，其身猶如火燒樹林。若脫彼處生畜生中，舒舒摩羅，復生屎中，作不淨虫。
Nevertheless, as an effect that accords with their causal deeds, these beings will subsequently be born as starving spirits who live in mountains that are as pointy as needles. There they will suffer from starvation and thirst, and their bodies will resemble scorched pine trees. When they later become free of such conditions, they will be born as crocodiles that kill children, or as other animals. They will also be born as worms that feed on filth and excrement.
於餓鬼中二百千世，飢渴燒煮，於畜生中經二千世，惡不善業餘殘勢力，種種生處一切苦惱。畜生之中種種惡食，心常憶念殺生處生，復於彼處迭相食噉，受大苦惱。
2. 1142 “For over two thousand lives they will live as starving and thirsting spirits, tormented and scorched. Thereafter will follow two thousand lives as animals, and, in terms of effects that accord with their causal actions, they will experience all the sufferings that are specific to animals, such as their stresses related to finding food and being eaten.
若脫彼處，過去業力得生人中，於五百世胎中而死；復五百世生已而死，為烏所食；復五百世未行而死。是彼惡業餘殘果報。若後殘業果報盡已，於無始時，業網轉行相似得果，有下中上。
When they are finally freed from the pains of mutual predation, these beings may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, be born as humans. However, as an effect that accords with their karmic actions, they will then die five hundred times within the womb, five hundred times upon birth, and five hundred times in infancy. 146 Thus, in countless subsequent lives they will experience all sorts of effects that accord with their causal deeds, encountering lesser, [F.266.a] intermediate, or greater results of the web of karmic action.
彼比丘如是觀已，而說偈言：
無始生死中，業網覆世界，或生或死滅，皆自業因緣。cf. Dhs.13.18-21
2. 1143 “Here, the monk will utter the following verses: “ ‘In cyclic existence without beginning or end, The web of karmic action obscures beings. And in this way they are born and die, Due to the causes and effects of their own actions.
從天生地獄，從地獄生天；人生餓鬼界，地獄生餓鬼。
2. 1144 “ ‘Leaving the gods, they take birth in hell, And from hell they are again born in the god realms. Other people go to the realms Of the starving spirits or hell again.
異異勢力生，異異勢力樂，皆是愛業生，非自在所作。
2. 1145 “ ‘In this way they are born in one place after another And in some of these places they may feel good. They are thus born due to craving; It is not because Īśvara or the like.
阿僧祇作業，生死眾生常，餘人不能解，唯如來所知。cf. Dhs.13.21
2. 1146 “ ‘Living beings in cyclic existence Constantly engage in innumerable actions. Apart from a thus-gone one, No learned person can understand those actions.
彼諦知此業，亦知於因緣，與癡人解說，化一切眾生。
2. 1147 “ ‘I know these features of karmic action, And I am always aware of the causes and conditions. As I possess such power, I must benefit other beings.’
諸比丘！彼比丘如是觀察阿鼻苦已，一切生死，心得離欲，以大慈悲而修其心，正憶念已，得十一地。
2. 1148 “Thus, as the monk sees all the different sufferings of Ultimate Torment, he will be saddened by the entirety of cyclic existence and develop a profound love. With his mind saturated by compassion, he then enters the eleventh ground.
彼地夜叉知已歡喜，復更傳聞虛空夜叉，虛空夜叉聞四大王，彼四大王聞四天王，如前所說，次第乃至聞大梵天，如是說言：『閻浮提中某國某村，如是種姓某善男子，剃除鬚髮被服法衣，正信出家，與魔共戰，不住魔界，心不喜樂染欲境界，得十一地。』
2. 1149 “When the terrestrial yakṣas notice his entry upon that ground, they will inform the celestial yakṣas. The latter will bring the news to the Four Great Kings, and the Four Great Kings will inform the gods in their realm. Thus, in the same way as before, the news will gradually travel to the gods in the Great Brahmā Heaven, as the gods tell each other, ‘In Jambudvīpa, in the place known as such and such, the noble son by the name of so-and-so has shaved his head, donned the saffron-colored robes, and with faith gone forth from the household to become a homeless mendicant. Intent on giving battle to the māras, he has no interest in objects and does thus not take any delight in the pathways of affliction. Now he has entered the eleventh ground.’ [F.266.b]
彼大梵天聞已歡喜，說如是言：『魔分損減，正法朋起，善分增長，隨順法行，諸比丘法建立熾燃。』
2. 1150 “When the gods in the Great Brahmā Heaven receive this news, they will be delighted and proclaim, ‘He has bound the forces of the māras 147 and roused the forces of the sacred Dharma. He has increased the inclinations toward virtue and is truly following the Dharma!’
又修行者內心思惟——隨順正法觀察法行——云何彼比丘觀阿鼻已隨順修行？云何彼比丘觀察阿鼻大地獄處，阿鼻地獄凡有幾處？
2. 1151 “Monks, as the spiritual practitioner who carefully observes inner phenomena correctly sees the hell of Ultimate Torment, he will wonder about its neighboring realms, and ask himself, ‘How many realms surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment?’ And so, with knowledge derived from hearing or through the divine eye, he will regard Ultimate Torment with sadness, wondering about its neighboring reaches. Thus, the monk who has knowledge about the ripening of karmic action will ask himself, ‘How many are the realms that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment?’
彼見聞知：如餘地獄，具十六處，此阿鼻獄亦復如是，具十六處。何等十六？一名烏口；二名一切向地；三名無彼岸長受苦惱；四名野干吼；五名鐵野干食；六名黑肚；七名身洋；八名夢見畏；九名身洋受苦；十名兩山聚；十一名吼生閻婆叵度；十二名星鬘；十三名苦惱急；十四名臭氣覆；十五名鐵鍱；十六名十一焰。此十六處，乃是阿鼻根本地獄眷屬之處。
2. 1152 “As he applies knowledge derived from hearing, the monk will see that, just like the previous realms, Ultimate Torment is also surrounded by sixteen regions. They are as follows: 148 Raven Mouths, Entirely Beneath the Earth, Infinitely Long Torture, Howling Like a Jackal, Eaten by Iron Jackals, Black Belly, 149 Battered Bodies, Terrifying Nightmares, 150 Terrible Dangling of Battered Bodies, 151 Falling Like Rain on High Mountains, Sound of the Jambu Bird, 152 Garland of Stars, Tormented by All Suffering, 153 Blanket of Smell, 154 Iron Plates, and Advancing Fire. Those are the sixteen regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment.
彼十不善惡業道行，并五逆業，皆共和集大地獄行，入阿鼻獄。有內五逆，有外五逆，究竟作已，生在阿鼻大地獄中，如業相似，生於彼處。如業相似作集之業，業普究竟，樂行多作，在彼地獄別異處生。
2. 1153 “The monk will see that Ultimate Torment is created by the ten unvirtuous actions and the five means for journeying to the great hell. While those who engage in the five acts will be born in Ultimate Torment, those who commit the lesser, [F.267.a] associated acts will be born in the neighboring realms. Thus, corresponding to the degree that one has resorted to, become habituated to, and increased completed and accumulated acts, including their preparatory stages and conclusions, one will be born in the various neighboring hells.
彼阿鼻業凡有五種，謂：殺羅漢，惡心思惟，出佛身血，心生隨喜樂行多作，復教他作，令彼安住，或遣他作。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄生烏口處受大苦惱。所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄，唯除阿鼻所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。
2. 1154 “Five variants of Ultimate Torment are the most frequent. 155 That is to say, if one deliberately and maliciously draws blood from one’s mother and rejoices in that, becomes habituated to it, increases such acts, and teaches others to do the same, establishes them in the practice, and compels them to follow suit, one will, upon separating from one’s body, fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell known as Raven Mouths. The beings in that realm experience the combined tortures of the Reviving Hell and the other six hells that are different from Ultimate Torment, intensified a hundredfold.
復有勝者：閻魔羅人擘罪人口，如擘烏口，然後將到名黑灰河，浚流漂急入其口中。如是熱灰初燒其脣；既燒脣已，次燒其齒；既燒齒已，次燒其咽；既燒咽已，次燒其心；既燒心已，次燒其肺；既燒肺已，次燒其腸；既燒腸已，次燒腸藏；燒腸藏已，次燒生藏；燒生藏已，次燒熟藏；燒熟藏已，從下而出。彼地獄人受灰河苦，燒內皆盡，身內無物唯有外物。
In particular, the henchmen of the Lord of Death will rip up one’s face like ravens do and lead one to the river of acid known as the Black One, and then hold one’s face in the powerful stream of acid, which will devastate one’s lips, palate, teeth, throat, ears, heart, liver, stomach, intestines, and lungs. 156 The acid flow inside one’s body will enter all the cavities and consume the body’s interiors so that in the end only an empty shell remains.
惡業任持，是故不死，受堅鞕苦。於長久時常燒常煮無數年歲，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
Thus, the beings of this hell will be seized by their own misdeeds and experience intense torture, burning for innumerable years. Their boiling will continue until their negative acts have finally been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
既得脫已，於一千世生餓鬼中，名鼎餓鬼。若脫彼處生畜生中，作象犛牛、肫徒魔邏、鼠狼毒蛇、守宮蚯蚓、蚊子等虫，又復作牛。既脫彼處若生人中同業之處，生膾子家，於二百世胎中而死，或復生已未行而死，或復欲出而便命終。餘殘惡業之因緣故，復作惡業。
2. 1155 “Once one escapes this condition, one will, in accordance with one’s actions, be born one thousand times as a starving spirit with a constricted belly. Then follow one thousand births as animals in which one will take birth as elephants, wild cattle, muskrats, weasels, snakes, pigs, ants, [F.267.b] or jungle elephants. 157 If one thereafter becomes a human, one will be born into a family of hunters and die either while still in the womb, in infancy, 158 or when barely old enough to grow facial hair. One’s habitual patterns will also cause one to continue engaging in unwholesome actions.
又彼比丘知業果報，觀察阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處，彼處名為一切向地，是彼地獄第二別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若人思惟得漏盡證聖比丘尼——阿羅漢人，強行婬欲，樂行多作。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄一切向地別異處生，受大苦惱。
2. 1156 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Entirely Beneath the Earth. Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive that if one knowingly resorts to, becomes habituated to, and increases sex with a nun who is a worthy person who has exhausted defilements, one will, upon separating from one’s body, fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell known as Entirely Beneath the Earth.
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩、合、喚、大叫喚、熱、大焦熱，七地獄中所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。
2. 1157 “The beings in that realm suffer the combined tortures of the Reviving Hell and the other six hells, intensified a hundredfold.
復有勝者：彼處鐵地，頭面在下，身在於上，顛倒上下，數數轉換，閻魔羅人與地獄人極重苦惱，彼人受苦不能唱喚、不得出聲、不得出氣。半身下分，若在其上，閻魔羅人以利斤斧，漸漸斬之乃至肉盡，唯有骨在。
In particular, the henchmen of the Lord of Death will dig a hole in the iron ground and shove one’s head into it, making one remain upside down with one’s head in the ground and one’s feet pointing upward. Although suffering miserably, one will be unable to cry, wail, or scream. As one remains upside down, the henchmen of the Lord of Death will take up axes and proceed to hack one’s body to pieces so that in the end not even the bones remain.
又復彼骨灰汁洗之，洗已墮落，彼人彼處有命而已。復置熱沸焰漂赤銅熱沸鐵鑊，在彼鑊中上下迴轉，極煮爛熟，如大小豆，既煮熟已，普氣遍覆一切叵見。
They will also spray the bones with acid, causing one to go into convulsions. Following this sprinkling of acid, [F.268.a] with just a little flicker of life still lingering in one’s body, it will be hurled into a blazing iron cauldron filled with boiling copper. There, the hell beings will swirl around and boil like cooked peas until they become invisible and turn into vapor.
如是無量百千億歲，鐵鑊中煮，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
Thus, they will continue to be tortured and boiled for many hundreds of thousands of years, until their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
若於一劫、若減一劫，復更燒身所受苦惱，少於阿鼻地獄中苦。於一千世受餓鬼身，而生責疏餓鬼之中，飢渴燒身，一切身燃如燈相似。彼若得脫，於一千世生畜生中，曠野鳥等常患飢渴，謂遮多迦野干、蟬虫瞿陀、野馬野驢鹿等，如是畜生。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 1158 “When one finally escapes this condition, one will still continue to undergo inconceivable torture and burning for an eon, or the remainder of an eon. After that follow a thousand lives as a starving spirit deprived of food. In this state, one will suffer hunger and starvation while being ablaze like the wick of a candle. When free from that condition, one will next, as an effect that accords with one’s causal deeds, take birth one thousand times as an animal. Thus, one will suffer hunger and thirst as a bird living in the desert, just as one might become a sparrow, a fox, an elephant, a lizard, a mātrika deer, an antelope, a dog, a predator, or the like. 159
脫彼處已，若生人中同業之處，則於馬面國土中生，於三百世在胎而死；若過去業，得活不死，貧窮常病，多受苦惱，五百世中作不能男。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 1159 “When also free of those states, if one should become endowed with the general lot in life of a human, one will be born in the land of the horse-faced people. One will die two hundred times within the womb, and if one lives to grow up, one will be poor and afflicted by disease. Similarly, in five hundred lives one will be born a as hermaphrodite or a neuter.
又彼比丘知業果報，觀察阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處名無彼岸長受苦惱，是彼地獄第三別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若何等人境界所亂或因欲心、或近惡友、或自酒醉，共母行欲，行已心惶，近惡知識取其言語。
2. 1160 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Infinitely Long Torture. Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing [F.268.b] and thus perceive how some people may have intercourse with their mother and then kill her because of their intense desire for objects, keeping unwholesome company, or indulging in the flaws of intoxication. Such people might have intercourse with their mother due to being possessed of extreme desire, or they might do so because of following the advice of unwholesome friends.
如是癡人，復更如是樂行多作，復教他人令如是行。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄名無彼岸長受苦處，受大苦惱。
Thus, they may resort to, become habituated to, and increase such acts, as well as encourage others to engage in them. When such people later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell known as Infinitely Long Torture.
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。復有勝者，所謂：彼處閻魔羅人熱焰鐵鉤，鉤其人根從臍而出，取棘刺針刺其人根，或於臍中鐵鉤釘入，或釘其鼻、或釘其耳，復斲其口，焰燃鐵鉤置口令滿，普焰滿口受大苦惱。彼人下分復受大苦。彼人如是三處受苦，燒壓劈打皆悉破壞，普彼一切名無彼岸長受苦處，在阿鼻內受大苦惱，所受苦惱不可譬喻。乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止。
2. 1161 “The beings in that realm experience the combined tortures of the Reviving Hell, and so on, intensified a hundredfold. In particular, they will be impaled upon flaming stakes and thorns, and many sharp, burning nails will be hammered into their noses, ears, and mouths. Then their mouths will be subjected to torturous heat, and so misery will follow misery as they are burned, cleaved asunder, beaten, and fried. Since they will be subjected to many forms of pain in Ultimate Torment, it is not easy to convey their agony. Yet, until their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, they will continue to suffer.
或於一劫、或減一劫如是常燒；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。既得脫已，於四千世食彼不羅餓鬼中生，飢渴燒身。
2. 1162 “Having burned for an eon, or for the remainder of an eon, they may escape. However, as an effect that accords with their negative acts, they will be born four thousand times as tormented starving spirits, who live with their heads burrowed into burning coals, trying to feed and drink from them.
若脫彼處，生畜生中，在於曠野無水之處竹林中生，口常乾燥。生迮狹處山谷之中，常畏陰影，常畏鴿鷲畜生中生。以何因緣生竹林中？彼竹林處常有大風，吹竹生火，四千世中常被燒死，還生彼處。
Thereafter they will be born as animals living in bamboo groves without any water or shelter. These beings will live in mountains, [F.269.a] skulking amid the terrifying shadows at night. 160 Their faces will be disfigured, and they will be close to death. Smoky winds 161 will cause fires to break out in their bamboo groves, and so for four thousand lifetimes they will burn and roast in the flames.
脫彼處已，若生人中同業之處，貧窮常病，世中鄙賤，妻不貞良；若侵他妻或犯他女，為彼所捉，捉已付王，若王、王等拔其人根；無有舍宅，於四出巷、若三角巷從他乞食，以自活命，常患飢渴；彼復發病，或四出巷、若墓田中苦毒而死。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 1163 “When one is freed from that condition, one might be born with the general lot in life of a human. However, such a person will not take care of his spouse and instead philander with the wife of another. Thus, a king or minister will order one’s penis cut off, one will be abandoned by one’s entire household, and one will live at the mercy of others by the side of a highway, at an intersection, in a city, or at the doorstep of another household. One will constantly suffer from thirst and hunger and one’s body will wither. Again and again, one will become afflicted by grave illnesses and thus die in horrible pain by the roadside, at an intersection, or in a charnel ground.
又彼比丘知業果報，觀察阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處名野干吼，是彼地獄第四別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若人毀呰一切智人、毀辟支佛、毀阿羅漢，若毀法律、非法說法，復教他人令住隨喜。彼人非法復說為法，常毀聖人，彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄野干吼處受大苦惱。
2. 1164 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Howling Like a Jackal. Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive how some people speak badly about the omniscient ones, solitary buddhas, worthy ones, or the Dharma and the Vinaya. Such people may then also teach something that is not Dharma as if it were. They may establish others in that teaching and make others feel delighted and enthusiastic about it. In this fashion, they may repeatedly teach non-Dharma to others while constantly disparaging noble beings. When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Howling Like a Jackal.
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄，惡業相似所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。復有勝者，所謂：彼處業作野干，鐵口焰燃遍滿彼處。如是野干焰牙甚利，疾走往趣毀聖法人，各食異處，有食頭者、有食項者。以舌惡語，復有野干而食其舌，復有野干食其鼻者，復有野干食胸骨者，有食肺者、食小腸者、食大腸者，有食脬者，有食髀者，有食踹者，有食脛者，有食臂者、食手足者，復有食其手足指者，一切身分別別割食，食已復生。彼惡業人作集業果，長久遠時如是受苦。
2. 1165 “As an effect that accords with their karmic deeds, the beings in that realm will experience [F.269.b] the combined tortures of the Reviving Hell and the rest of the previous seven hells. In particular, that realm is teeming with foxes with flaming mouths, which are produced by karmic action. As soon as the one who defamed noble beings is born there, the foxes will come bounding. They will bite into the evildoer and dash off with his head, tongue, brain, lower chest, heart, spleen, small intestine, large intestine, stomach, hips, thighbones, calves, knees, hands, feet, fingers, and toes. In this way, they will tear his body asunder and run away with all the different major and minor body parts. Thus, those who completed and accumulated negative actions will for long continue to endure the painful consequences of those acts.
若脫彼處所受苦惱，望救望歸處處馳走，彼復更有閻魔羅人擘口出舌，以極利刀臠臠碎割，割已復生，以舌毀呰說聖人故，以為他人讚非法故。彼人如是於長遠時，如是受苦。
2. 1166 “When they finally manage to escape, they will run off as best they can. Yet they will be apprehended by the henchmen of the Lord of Death, who will force open their mouths, grab their tongues, and cut them to pieces with their weapons. However, whenever their tongues have been chopped up, new tongues will grow out, and so those who uttered filthy words, denigrated noble beings, and taught non-Dharma to others as if it were the Dharma, will long continue to suffer excruciating pain.
若脫彼處望救望歸，處處馳走，惡業所作，閻魔羅人復更執持，迭相謂言：『此妄語人曲語澁語、不淨垢語、惡法說語、非法說語，令諸眾生退失正道。』彼復執已，擘口出舌，如是惡舌長一居賒。
2. 1167 “If they escape such torture, they will again run off as best they can, yearning for safety, refuge, and protection. Yet the henchmen of the Lord of Death, created by karmic action, will again appear and catch them. Thus, those who spoke wrongly and deceitfully, those who spoke evil and swayed sentient beings away from the path of goodness, [F.270.a] will be nabbed by the henchmen who will proceed to force open their mouths and tear out their tongues.
其舌柔軟置在赤銅焰燃鐵地，畫為阡陌，遣人耕之，熱焰鐵犁利刀焰燃，其牛脚上有極利刃，焰火熾燃，縱橫耕之百到千到。彼惡語說，於他世證不相應說，受如是苦。如是久時耕煮燒割，如是惡舌受種種苦。彼人如是受苦唱喚心悔啼哭。
New tongues that are soft and red like copper will then grow out, and with those tongues they will be forced to lick the burning ground. Then the henchmen will run flaming plows with a hundred sharp blades through those tongues, furrowing them with the help of oxen with sharp hooves. Thus, the one that causes such failure, the one that governs the journey beyond the world, that source of failure —that thing which we call ‘the tongue’ —will be subjected to the plow, and so these beings will broil and burn for a long time. As their tongues are subjected to this torture, the hell beings will cry, groan, scream, and wail, and their eyes will roll.
閻魔羅人呵責之故，而說偈言：
六萬阿浮陀，五千六浮陀，口語心願惡，毀聖到地獄。cf. Dhs.12.67
The henchmen will then utter the following verses of instruction to the crying hell beings:
2. 1168 “ ‘Those who spoke ill of noble beings With unwholesome words in mind, Will remain in hell for five hundred sixty million, Or sixty million years. 162
善色惡業行，非法似法說，以汝前惡說，今於此處燒。cf. Dhs.16.122
2. 1169 “ ‘Previously, your words Would construe Dharma out of non-Dharma And present evil as if it were good. Now you are terrified by these fires.
眾生悕望實，云何說惡法？以汝惡說故，如惡相似受。cf. Dhs.16.123
2. 1170 “ ‘Myriad different beings Who wanted the Dharma You instead led into the lower realms, Denying them happiness and instructing them in evil.
決定妄語人，非法說為法，此為第一賊，餘者非大賊。cf. Dhs.12.51-52
2. 1171 “ ‘Those who always speak lies, Who do not speak Dharma, and who have no Dharma, They are the thieves of all things — Here ordinary thieves are not the actual thieves.
若人正說法，出離一切惡，則到於善處，彼處無苦惱。
2. 1172 “ ‘Those who speak Dharma And who practice Dharma Travel to a place free from harm, The eternal abode.
無盡財不失，一切不能偷，實語為天階，亦是涅槃門。cf. Dhs.12.68
2. 1173 “ ‘Refraining from strife is an inexhaustible wealth And the lord of all beings. Truth is the stairway to the higher realms And the gateway to the transcendence of suffering.
如是常實語，常憶念法行，無悲憂不老，彼人人中勝。cf. Dhs.12.69
2. 1174 “ ‘One who thinks of the supreme truth And is always is mindful, with the knowledge of Dharma, [F.270.b] Is a supreme individual who journeys To the abode beyond suffering and happiness.
汝捨離正法，毀呰於善人，汝本集聚惡，今於此處受。
2. 1175 “ ‘You abandoned the Dharma And became reviled by the learned. The terrible things that you said Are what make you boil here.’
閻魔羅人如是呵責毀聖法人。既責疏已，多與苦惱，彼不可知、不可說苦。何以故？以毀聖人極重因故，相似得果，如來所說。如是燒煮，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，野干吼處爾乃得脫。
2. 1176 “Having given these instructional verses to those who spoke ill of noble beings, the henchmen ratchet up their torture even more. Here, it is to even difficult think of a name for such misery. The Thus-Gone One has explained that excruciating pain will be the consequence of speaking ill of noble beings, and so the ones who did so will continue to suffer vicious harm until finally their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
既得脫已，於二千世生餓鬼中，在賓茶處彼身為塊，肉塊相似，不見不聞、不嗅不甞、不能言語。若脫彼處，於三千世生畜生中，常作屎虫。既脫彼處，若生人中同業之處，於五百世恒常貧窮，所有語言人所不信，癩病聾瘂。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 1177 “Once they escape this hell, as an effect that accords with their causal actions, they will be born one hundred thousand times as starving spirits with rotund bodies. In this regard, they will be born with bodies that are like a lump of flesh and they will be unable to see, hear, smell, or speak. When free from that condition, they will proceed to live three thousand lives as worms in filth. Thereafter, they may be born with the general lot in life of a human, yet for five hundred lives, they will be poor and their words will not be trusted by anybody. They will be forgetful, mute, and deaf.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處，彼處名為鐵野干食，是彼地獄第五別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若人惡心惡念、隨喜，以重惡心，燒眾僧寺，并燒佛像及多臥敷衣裳、財物穀米眾具；以惡心故火燒僧處，燒已隨喜，心不生悔，復教他人隨喜讚說，業業普遍，作業究竟和合相應。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄鐵野干食別異處生，受大苦惱。
2. 1178 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Eaten by Iron Jackals. Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive how some may develop an extremely disturbed and vicious mind. Thus, they might happily set fire to a temple of the saṅgha, burning the image of the Buddha, [F.271.a] and setting ablaze the bedding, garments, wealth, and food stores of the saṅgha. Without any regret, they might look back at their act with glee. They might also instigate similar acts and cause others to grow fond of and approve of such acts. Those who perpetrate such initiated and completed actions will, upon separating from their bodies, fall into the lower realms and take birth in the hell known as Eaten by Iron Jackals.
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。復有勝者：以業重故，受苦亦重。何以故？因果相似，果似種故。既生彼處，惡業因緣，一切身分焰火普燃，彼身焰燃十由旬量。有十一苦，頂苦最重，諸地獄中此苦最勝。
2. 1179 “The beings in that realm experience the combined sufferings of the Reviving Hell, and so forth, intensified a thousandfold. In particular, since their karmic actions are severe, so will their misery be. They will experience a result that accords with the harm they caused, since fruits manifest in accordance with their seeds. The karmic conditions for taking birth in this realm will produce a body that is aflame and has eleven heads, each of which measures ten leagues. Among all hells, this one is extremely vicious and excruciating.
彼處復有火相似山，彼山一切炎火普燃，飢渴燒煮，於長遠時常燒常打，伸手向上。彼人伸手高五由旬，焰鬘普燒如燒山角。彼人普燒，唱聲吼喚悲啼號哭，唱喚口張，火焰滿口，內外普燃皆作一焰，無有中間。火焰漸長，久時燒煮。
In its center stands a mountain of fire, always completely ablaze. Starving and thirsting, the hell beings are thus boiled, burned, and slaughtered. As they stand with their hands raised into the air, tongues of flames five hundred leagues tall engulf them, and so they will be set ablaze, just like the central mountain. While they burn, they cry, howl, wail, and weep, but as soon as they open their mouths they will be filled with flames. Thus, their open mouths and the flaming environment will turn into one single, expanding conflagration of fire. In this way they will burn for a long time.
若脫彼處，望救望歸處處馳走，喎口破面，求覓樂處，自作惡業隨順繫縛。彼地獄中復到異處，彼有山河，苦惱增長，上雨鐵塼一居賒量，如夏時雨，塼打彼人，從頭至足破壞并疊，如打乾脯，一切身分不可分別。
2. 1180 “When they finally escape, they will take off as best they can, yearning for refuge, safety, protection, and relief. [F.271.b] Then, due to the correspondences of their previous wholesome and unwholesome actions, another hell will appear where tortures abound like the rain that falls in the mountains at night. Iron boulders a league in diameter will roll down from above, mashing and pulverizing them like ginger, from their brains to their feet.
彼人如是常雨惡鐵，受大苦惱，又復更生，彼身無力，焰牙野干而噉食之，如食乾脯，和集復生，生已復食。彼惡野干於長久時，如是常食、如是燒煮，煮已復生。
Yet even though they have died in this awful torrent of boulders, they will again be revived. Jackals with flaming fangs will then burst forth. Mincing them as if they were ginger, the jackals will devour the hell beings, who will then be reborn, only to be eaten once more by the ferocious jackals. In this manner, they will boil and burn for a long time.
以惡業故，如是食之，受大苦惱。自作非他，自作不失，不作不得，非無因得，不從異來。無有作者之所安住，非有受者之所住持，自作因得。乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，如是地獄極惡之處，乃爾得脫。
2. 1181 “These repeated rebirths are experienced due to their karmic actions. Thus, as an experience of their actions, they will undergo torturous sensations and destruction. All that they encounter is of their own doing and not that of anyone else. That which they have done will not go to waste, and therefore these events are not uncaused, they are not arbitrary, and they are not due to discordant causes and effects. They do not happen in terms of an agent or an individual who senses. Thus, until the hell beings’ negative karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, they will continue to experience the consequences of the causes and conditions that they themselves created.
復一千世生餓鬼中，普身焰燒，發聲唱喚，一切國土、一切城邑、一切聚落夜中唱喚。夜則火燒，於晝日時，日光雨火，火相似燒，乃至生火惡業壞爛、無氣盡滅。
2. 1182 “When they finally escape from this hell, they will, as an effect that accords with their causal actions, experience the utterly excruciating ripening of becoming starving spirits for one thousand lives. With their bodies completely ablaze, they will cry and wail. At night, they will be crying within the dwellings of humans, while during the day they will feel the sunlight as if it were a rain of burning coals. Thus, until their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, they will continue to burn.
若脫彼處，於一千世生畜生中，常在曠野作百足虫，常患飢渴，兩頂兩面復有兩口，多時受苦不能得停，一切身分多為黑虫之所噉食。
2. 1183 “When free of that condition they will be born as centipedes, living in the wilderness and suffering from constant hunger and thirst. [F.272.a] While subjected to this dual torment, biting insects will consume their bodies entirely.
既脫彼處，過去久遠有少善業，若生人中同業之處，於一千世作黑色人，色如黑雲，喜被毀傷，恒常貧窮，常行多行處處而行，駱駝行使為他所使，常患飢渴、難得飲食，繫命而已。如是餓鬼經一千世，如是畜生經一千世，如是人中經一千世，惡業因緣如是受苦。
If they escape the animal realm and instead are born with the general lot in life of a human, they will resemble a black cloud and be weak, destitute, and poor. They will suffer from incurable scabies, 163 depend on others in all regards, and suffer starvation and thirst. Thus, they will be in need of others to keep them alive. In this way, they will be born one thousand times as starving spirits, one thousand times as animals, and then become human under the aforementioned circumstances. [B17]
