1.No. 721正法念處經，元魏婆羅門瞿曇般若流支譯
2.藏譯英The Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma, Saddharma smṛtyupasthāna https://read.84000.co/translation/toh287.html.
地獄品之二
又彼比丘觀活地獄，第六別處名不喜處。彼業果報，眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：行惡之人，心常憶念欲殺眾生，為獵殺故，遊行林野、吹貝打鼓種種方便作大惡聲，聲甚可畏，林行眾生——鹿鳥師子虎豹熊羆猿猴等畜——遊行無畏。行惡業者為欲殺故，作彼畏聲，為獵殺故，遊行林野。為欲奉王、若奉王等。
2. 317 “Next the monk will concern himself with Utterly Dreadful, the sixth realm that neighbors the Reviving Hell. Wondering what karmic ripening causes beings to take birth in this hell realm [F.151.b] known as Utterly Dreadful, he will examine things with knowledge derived from hearing. He will see that certain people constantly endeavor to maliciously kill other beings. With the sounds of conches, drums, and humming they may enter the forests and frighten the deer, birds, lions, bears, leopards, monkeys, and other such animals that live there. Thus, obeying the wishes of kings and ministers, they go hunting.
彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮活地獄，生不喜處。如彼業因相似受果，如作業時令他眾生心不生喜，墮在地獄，入火炎中，熱炎嘴鳥極大惡聲，獯狐烏鷲狗犬野干食其耳根，令心不喜。
Yet when they separate from their bodies, they suffer a downfall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Utterly Dreadful. As cause and effect are in accord, those who previously were always hostile will now enter the fire of hell where they will encounter crows, owls, vultures, dogs, flesh-eating demons, and foxes that make terrifying sounds and grab them by their ears with sharp mouths and devour them.
彼有惡聲，最為極惡，不可愛樂、心不喜聞，一切聲中最可怖畏；金剛嘴虫，入其骨裏、行其骨中、噉食其耳；如是乃至惡業未盡。
The horrifying, appalling, dreadful, and terrible sounds of the animals terrify everyone and create universal dread. In that hell, various insects will repeatedly grab the beings in that realm by their ears, consuming them and splitting their skeletons open with their vajra-like mouths.
心彌泥魚愛河中行，瞋心旋轉浚波漂流，生死山中常所止宿，欲瞋癡分，貪少味欲，為鉤所釣，常行邪見深水之處，於三界中若退若生，以為身滑，常渴聲、觸、味、色、香等。如是罪業，作時喜笑，得殃報時號哭而受。
2. 318 “The mind is like a fish that swims in the river of craving with its fierce currents of anger. As the fish swims in the river, which passes through the mountains of cyclic existence, it is caught on the hook of petty pleasures in the zones of desire, anger, and delusion. Deep runs the water of wrong views and powerful is its current. As the body is born and dies, there is constant craving for sounds, textures, tastes, forms, and smells, and thus also engagement in unvirtuous action. As long as one has not lived through the painful outcome and fruits of such actions one will not die.
爾時，世尊而說偈言：
癡心彌泥魚，住於愛舍宅，作業時喜笑，受苦時號哭。cf. Dhs.13.2
2. 319 “At this point, there are some verses: 55 “When one remains within the home of craving, The fish-like mind is bewildered. [F.152.a] Hence, when a deed is carried out there is happiness, Yet when the outcome is experienced there will be lamentation.
若其惡業，彼處受盡，爾乃得出，復生餓鬼、畜生之中。
2. 320 “When the unvirtuous action Has been overcome and relinquished without remainder, And thus no longer exists, One will die and be reborn as a starving spirit or an animal.
若其前世過去久遠有少善業，若生人中。
2. 321 “If the karmic action is to be experienced in other lives, however, One will not be born that way. Instead one will take birth as a human, And be born among humans.
常懷愁苦，於一切時聞不吉聲，心不曾喜，所謂常聞不饒益事：妻子死亡、財物散失、眷屬有殃、若殺若縛、常懷悲惱、心初不喜。彼不善業，因果相似
2. 322 “One will constantly end up Being subdued by one’s inferiors, And in the grip of depression. Whatever one may do
2. 323 “Will turn out to be pointless and unpleasant. Children, spouse, wealth, and grains Will cause slaughter and bondage. Thus, the perpetrator of unvirtuous action
2. 324 “Will, as an effect that accords with its cause, be deprived of joy, And always have to hear what is utterly dreadful.
又彼比丘觀活地獄，第七別處名極苦處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：行惡業者作惡業時，深厚結使、極深怨惡，多殺眾生而行放逸。
2. 325 “Next the monk will concern himself with Excruciating Pain, the seventh realm that neighbors the Reviving Hell. Wondering what karmic ripening causes beings to take birth in that hell realm known as Excruciating Pain, he will examine things with knowledge derived from hearing. Thus, he will realize how beings with an overflow of karmic latency, animosity, and mental density may frivolously engage in killing.
彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮活地獄，生極苦處，受熱鐵火極重苦惱，墮嶮崖下，鐵鉤炎鬘；如是受苦，常不休息，日夜不停。
When they later separate from their bodies, they will suffer a downfall into the lower realms, taking birth in this hell known as Excruciating Pain. There they will encounter heat, weapons, fire, ravines, abysses, and spikes, and become adorned with garlands of blazing fire. Such agonies they will experience constantly, every single day.
又彼比丘諦知業果，求涅槃城，諦知世間生死苦惱，觀察黑繩大地獄處。如是黑繩大地獄處，有何異處？彼見聞知。黑繩地獄，有處名曰等喚受苦，彼處惡燒，受苦無間。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知。
· · The Black Line Hell · ·
2. 326 “Next the monk who has knowledge of the reality of karmic effects, and who searches for the city of the transcendence of suffering, will concern himself with the great Black Line Hell, wondering what neighboring regions it may have. Examining things with knowledge derived from hearing, he will perceive a hell realm with unbearable fires known as Incessantly Intense Pain. Wondering what karmic actions may bring birth there, [F.152.b] the monk will examine things with knowledge derived from hearing.
若人說法依惡見論，以因譬喻，一切不實；不顧一切投崖自殺；無正善戒。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮在黑繩大地獄中。
He will come to understand that the arguments and examples employed in the treatises that propagate unfortunate views may cause certain people to lack discipline, and they will then fall into a deep gorge. Once those who are thus governed by that which is incorrect separate from their bodies, they will suffer a downfall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Incessantly Intense Pain.
生等喚處受大苦惱，彼受極苦：舉在嶮崖，無量由旬，熱炎黑繩束縛繫已，然後推之墮利鐵刀熱地之上，鐵炎牙狗之所噉食，一切身分，分分分離。
2. 327 “That hell features numerous tortures. Bound by a burning rope, one may be pulled up vertically only to be dropped into the abyss from a distance of many leagues. Likewise, as soon as one is born there, one will be made to walk on razors and sharp weapons. With all one’s major and minor body parts in pain.
唱聲吼喚，無有救者、無有護者、無所歸訴、無有安慰令離苦者。自心所誑，在生死輪，常恒疾轉，癡闇盲冥，身如普燒黑林相似彼地獄地。
Deceived by one’s own mind, one will roam through cyclic existence, lost in darkness due to delusion. One’s body, which is burning like a forest fire, will be devoured by dogs with extremely sharp 56 fangs. Those who live in that hell have no protector, no guardian, no benefactor, and no one to comfort them.
見閻羅人，苦切偈語責疏之言：
汝邪見愚癡，癡羂所縛人，今墮此地獄，在於大苦海，cf. Dhs.16.10-22
2. 328 “There are some verses on those who live in the realm of the Lord of Death: “The delusions of wrong view Produce the tight noose of delusion, And so you may find yourself drawing near The gathering of the unbearable torments of hell.
惡見燒福盡，人中最凡鄙，汝畏地獄縛，此是汝舍宅。
2. 329 “For all human beings, Wrong view is the factor that may burn away all virtue. Thus, as humans reach the realms of hell, They arrive bringing unbearable torments with them.
若屬邪見者，彼人非黠慧，一切地獄行，怨家心所誑。
2. 330 “Feeble-minded people, Governed by the unreal, Are deceived by their own minds, And are thus bound for hell.
心是第一怨，此怨最為惡，此怨能縛人，送到閻羅處。
2. 331 “All other enemies are easy to escape, But the enemy of the mind is hard to leave behind. Bound by that enemy One is carried to the realm of the Lord of Death.
心常馳諸境，不曾行正法，迷謬正法道，送在地獄殺。
2. 332 “Always running after objects And never running after the sacred Dharma, Those ignorant of the sacred Dharma [F.153.a] Are headed toward the great hells.
心不可調御，甚於大猛火，速行不可調，牽人到地獄。
心第一難調，此火甚於火，難調速疾行，地獄中地獄。
2. 333 “Among all training, training the mind is the hardest. Among all fires, this one is supreme. Hard to extinguish, it advances quickly. Among all hells, this one is it.
若人心自在，則行於地獄；若人能制心，則不受苦惱。
2. 334 “When driven by the mind, That fire will carry one to hell. Yet the one who turns back this overwhelming force Will no longer keep company with pain.
欲為第一火，癡為第一闇，瞋為第一怨，此三秉世間。
2. 335 “Desire is the one unbearable fire, Delusion is what is meant by darkness, And the relentless enemy is anger. These three enemies hold sway over sentient beings.
汝前作惡時，自心思惟作，汝本癡心作，今受此惡報。
2. 336 “In the past you adhered to the mind And engaged in unvirtuous actions. Now you experience the effects of delusion — You did not do good.
心好偷他物，竊行他婦女，常殺害眾生，自心之所誑；
2. 337 “Deceived by their own minds, People procure the wealth of others, Become involved with others’ women, And will thus remain perpetually in bondage.
如是業自在，將汝到此處，是汝本惡業，何故爾呻喚？
2. 338 “Because of the ripening of your own actions, You are a slave today. The consequent fire is your own creation, So what is there to cry about?
若人作惡已，後懊惱則癡，彼不得果報，如下種醎地。
2. 339 “The person whose acts are flawed Will later come to regret them, But to no avail, As when seeds are planted in salty soil.
欲者少味利，受苦報則多，癡人貪著欲，彼從闇入闇。
2. 340 “Desires, short and sweet, May nonetheless have serious consequences. The fool who adheres to them Steps into pitch-black darkness.
癡人作諸惡，為饒益妻子，獨受地獄苦，自業之所誑。
2. 341 “Although you may have performed deeds in delusion, Thinking that they would make your children and spouse happy, Your evil deeds will make you burn all alone in hell, Deceived about the effects of your own actions.
若為妻子故，造作諸惡業，則到此地獄，今受此苦惱。
2. 342 “You who are controlled by your family, And who thus engage in negative acts, Will proceed straight to hell And there experience things accordingly.
非妻子非物，非知識能救，人中欲死時，無能救護者。
2. 343 “Do not give a thought to children and spouse; Needless to mention, do not think friends, When the time of your death arrives, They cannot stay close and protect you.
若人染欲心，為愛之所誑，而共相隨行，今得如是苦。
2. 344 “With afflicted minds Deceived by craving — That is how they will accompany you. Who could you not be burned?
本為境界劫，已為愛所誑，自作此惡業，今何故呻喚？
2. 345 “In the past you were ruled by objects And fooled by your cravings. You created your own misery, [F.153.b] So what do you have to cry about?
於彼等喚受苦惱處如是受苦，閻魔羅人如是治罪，彼地獄人如是受苦，如是無量百千年歲受第一苦，如是乃至惡業離散、破壞爛盡，爾乃得脫。
2. 346 “Thus, in the hell of Incessantly Intense Pain, the henchmen of the Lord of Death act in accordance with the karmic actions of the beings in hell. And hence, the sentient beings in that realm will continue to undergo intense torture for hundreds of thousands of years until finally the acts that they performed and accumulated have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
若於前世過去久遠，有善業熟，若生人中，不善業故，在於邊地——陀毘羅國、婆婆羅國、海畔境界、辛頭境界、洲潬境界——為人抄劫掠其財物，於極苦惱貧處為奴。
Once they escape and become free of their karmic actions they may, unless some ripening to be experienced in other lives prevents it, take birth with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, as an effect that accords with its cause, they will in that case be born in Dramiḍa, on one of the subcontinents, or in the middle of the ocean, or in Sindh, or in a place inhabited by blind people, or among slaves who suffer deeply.
若作門兵，身體癃殘；一切身分，鄙劣不具；飢渴燒惱、寒熱衝逼，如箭射埵，受極苦惱；常被誣枉，為諸小兒木石塼等之所打擲；為一切人之所嫌賤。
They will be destitute and at the mercy of others. They will be kept in confinement and their major and minor body parts will be degenerate and incomplete. Suffering from thirst and hunger, they will be haunted by heat and cold. They will suffer excruciating pain and constantly be harmed by others. Children will hit them with sticks and stones, and they will be despised by everyone.
無妻、無子；一切人中最為凡賤，受第一苦；餘業果報，與因相似，因緣相似，如本所作，後如是受。
Even their own spouses and children will shun them, and their lives will be deeply painful from the moment they emerge from their mother’s womb. In this way the effects of karmic ripening accord with their causes and conditions; one’s experiences depend on what one has done previously.
若彼比丘如是觀察地獄黑闇極苦惱業，於生死中得離欲縛。又修行者觀彼比丘常勤精進、諦見業果、善行正行，厭離世間一切生死。
2. 347 “When the monk in this way perceives how flawed action comes to be experienced, he will observe the dark realms of hell and become extremely disenchanted by the whole of cyclic existence. Thus, the monk who is as piritual practitioner will analyze and persevere in viewing the reality of the effects of actions. He will see the terrifying experiences of wandering beings and develop renunciation for the entirety of cyclic existence.
斷絕第一堅牢魔縛，不肯住於魔之境界，於煩惱地不樂共住，心不喜樂染著垢愛。
Cutting the chains of the māras asunder, he will have no wish for the workings of the māras. He will not wish to be saddled with any object of desire [F.154.a] and will become displeased with the craving that accompanies trivial desire.
彼地夜叉見彼比丘有如是等功德相應，轉復上聞虛空夜叉，如前所說，次第乃至大梵身天，廣說如上。
When the terrestrial yakṣas see that the monk is endowed with these qualities, they will inform the celestial yakṣas until, in the same way as before, the message reaches the realm of Brahmā.
又彼比丘觀察黑繩之大地獄，復有異處，彼見有處名曰旃荼黑繩地獄。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人床臥敷具、病所須藥，非已所應而多食用；俗人愚癡覆藏惡業，若自殺羊、若他教殺，如婆羅門外道所誑。
2. 348 “The monk will then further examine the regions that surround the Black Line Hell, wondering what other realms may be found there. Thus, he will perceive a hell realm known as Very Violent. Wondering what karmic actions may lead to birth in that hell, he will notice how certain undeserving householders secretly enjoy medical supplies and health facilities. As they deceive others, they may cause cattle to be killed. They may give false pretexts related to the gods, 57 or engage in the negative acts of greedy brahmins.
彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處黑繩地獄，生旃荼處，受大苦惱，所謂：惡鳥——若烏、若鷲、若惡猪等，拔其眼根；彼地獄主，若以杵枷、若以大斧、若以惡火，極怒急瞋，種種苦逼。
When they later separate from their bodies, they will suffer a downfall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Very Violent. There they will have their eyes plucked out by raging ravens, vultures, and wild boars. The grunts of frantic boars will be heard. The terrors of that realm also include the clubs, blazing fires, and the horrifying fierce guardians of hell.
既生如是地獄之中，復受種種極重苦惱，所謂：挑眼、若拔其舌，一切身分，分分皆拔；飲熱銅汁；三奇熱鐵，遍刺其身；削躄其足，烏鳥所食；一切病集。。
As they take birth in that realm of Very Violent, sentient beings will have their eyes, tongues, and major and minor body parts cut out, and they will be boiled alive in iron cauldrons filled with molten copper. Their bodies will be impaled, and their legs cut off. Ravens will eat from them and they will be haunted by all manner of disease.
啼哭號咷，無主無伴；閻魔羅人瞋怒極打。如是黑繩地獄之處，乃至無量百千年歲，惡業壞爛爾乃得脫 。
Until they have overcome, relinquished, and exhausted their evil acts, they will remain in that unbearable state of hell for many hundreds of thousands of years. Knowing neither protector nor friend, they will cry, while being slaughtered by the henchmen of the Lord of Death. [F.154.b]
若於前世過去久遠善業未熟，則生餓鬼、畜生之中；若生人中，瘻脊目盲、壽命短促，人中死已，復入惡道。如是眾生業鎖所縛，行善業者則得善報，作惡業者則得惡報，業果所縛，常在生死。
2. 349 “Once they escape that realm of hell they may, due to acts to be experienced in other lives, not be born as an animal or starving spirit, but instead be born into the good fortune of being a human. Yet they will be born crippled or blind and will not live long. Once they die, the karmic bonds of such living beings may once more lead them into the lower realms. Thus, good deeds beget goodness while ruinous deeds beget further ruin. As for taking birth within cyclic existence and its effects, such are the relationships where cause and effect are in accord.
又彼比丘觀察黑繩大地獄處，名畏鷲處，眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人貪物因緣，而殺他人，若縛、若餓、若奪飲食。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡道黑繩地獄，生畏鷲處，受大苦惱。
2. 350 “Again, the monk will concern himself with the regions that surround the Black Line Hell, and so he will wonder what acts may lead to a life in the realm of Vulture Terrors. He will then notice that for the sake of personal gain some people may kill or enslave others, or they may starve others and deprive them of drink. When such people later separate from their bodies, they will suffer a downfall into the lower realms, and so take birth in the hell of Vulture Terrors.
彼地獄處，鐵地火燃普皆水色，十千由旬周遍炎起，有鐵蒺[卄/梨]彼地獄人怒杖急打，晝夜常走；火炎刀枷挽弓弩箭，隨後走逐；鐵錐尋刺，恒常急走；閻魔羅人手執鐵刀鐵枷鐵箭，皆悉炎燃，斫打射之。
The horrors of that realm involve its flaming iron surface that extends for one million leagues, upon which sentient beings are burned. Everywhere this ground yields triangular iron fruits that are of a color like water but burn with fire. In that hell sentient beings are cut up and slaughtered, receiving their punishment from the Lord of Death. Throughout day and night, they are executed by people of terrific physical strength, armed with swords and spears. When helplessly they try to escape, they will be caught and killed by the flaming swords, spears, and arrows of the Lord of Death’s helpers.
唯行彼處，飢渴所逼，命常欲斷，無救無歸，氣息欲絕，有命而已，他人所秉，具受眾苦。
2. 351 “On the plains of that realm beings must survive despite starvation and thirst. They will find no water and no one to protect them or bring them relief. Without anyone to guard them, they will constantly fall prey to the attacks of others and [F.155.a] experience all manner of torment.
爾時，世尊而說偈言：
多人共相隨，造作不善業，後惡業熟時，有生獨受果。cf. Dhs.13.3
2. 352 “At this point, there are some verses: “The flawed actions that one engaged in Together with many friends Will have consequences that must be experienced All alone, birth after birth.
火刀怨毒等，雖害猶可忍，若自造惡業，後苦過於是。cf. Dhs.16.23-26
2. 353 “In the world people run, Driven by their own unfortunate actions. Fires, weapons, poisons, and attackers Are therefore never at rest.
親眷皆分離，唯業不相捨，善惡未來世，一切時隨逐。
2. 354 “While one never separates from one’s karmic actions, One must separate from all one’s friends. What comes after this world is shaped By virtuous and unvirtuous actions.
隨花何處去，其香亦隨逐；若作善惡業，隨逐亦如是。
2. 355 “Wherever there are flowers, There will also be a particular scent. Virtue and nonvirtue likewise follow Wherever there is karmic action.
眾鳥依樹林，旦去暮還集，眾生亦如是，後時還合會。
2. 356 “Just as scents spread in the directions And birds alight from forest trees Early in the morning, So it is with the throng of living beings.
毀滅他勝事，自取而陵他，隨作何惡業，彼人癡所誑。
2. 357 “Most lives are wasted As the world engages in error, Deceived by its own delusion. How can beings avoid what is unvirtuous?
若不趣涅槃，復不向天處，彼癡第一因，從闇復入闇。
2. 358 “Those 58 who neither approach The transcendence of suffering nor the realms of the gods Are highly deluded about causal powers. Theirs is the blackest of all forms of darkness.
彼人如是自作惡業，受地獄苦，乃經無量百千年歲地獄流轉，乃至惡業破壞爛盡爾乃得脫。
2. 359 “When one is boiled in hell Many millions of times, It is one’s flawed acts alone That make one roam through those hells.
2. 360 “The time of one’s death Will not occur there So long as one’s unvirtuous actions Have not been overcome and relinquished.
2. 361 “When the relevant acts Have all been purified, One will break free From that hell of Vulture Terrors.
然後復生畜生、餓鬼；若生人中，為放牧人，若放駱駝、若放餘畜、若放牛驢、若放草馬，當象、當狗常驅驢駝，處處治生以自存活；若作圍兵、圍兵主師，貧窮短命。鄙惡作業，餘殘業因，相似果報。
2. 362 “If when free from such karmic action One is not born as a starving spirit or an animal, One may be born With the general lot in life of a human.
2. 363 “One will then become a herder of camels, Pack oxen, mares, elephants, or horses, Or a hunter who sets traps. 59 Impoverished, one’s life will be short.
2. 364 “Misdeeds and the acts That are considered mistaken Manifest in accordance with cause and effect. Thus, the results will conform to what caused them. [F.155.b] [B7]
又彼比丘觀察黑繩大地獄處，普遍觀察十六別處，如活地獄。
2. 365 “The monk who examines the regions surrounding the Black Line Hell will at this point stop his inquiry without concerning himself with any other neighboring realms. The great Black Line Hell with its sixteen surrounding realms is similar to the great Reviving Hell with its sixteen surrounding realms.
又彼比丘觀活地獄、黑繩地獄，既觀察已，知業報法，一切惡業果報堅[革*卬]有：作而集、集而不作、作而不集。
As the monk examines the neighboring reaches of this second hell, he will comprehend the ripening of the phenomena of karmic action. Understanding the essential character of the matured results of flawed action, he will see that some acts are done and accumulated, others are accumulated but not engaged in, and still others are done but not accumulated. 60
作而集者則決定受；集不作者不決定受；作不集者不決定受。
Acts that were done and accumulated are certain to ripen where as acts that were accumulated but not carried out and acts that were carried out but not accumulated do not have any certain ripening.
彼見聞知三種惡業及業果報，如實知已，重生厭離，觀察業繩迭相縛處；又復觀察無量種業，又復觀察無量種心動轉攀緣。
2. 366 “As the monk regards the various realms of hell, he perceives them by means of knowledge derived from hearing. Thus, he comes to understand the nature of the three kinds of resultant ripening of karmic action that pertain to the surrounding regions where beings are bound to each other by the rope of karma. Thereby he will recognize numerous distinct types of karmic action. He will notice how the mind is generally governed by its objects and how sentient beings are governed by their minds, and this perception of sentient beings will make him sad.
彼比丘如是觀察，見諸眾生心自在已，又復觀察餘諸地獄，彼見聞知：第三地獄名合地獄。眾生何業而生於彼？所謂作集惡不善業，燒煮眾生。彼見聞知。
· · The Crushing Hell · ·
2. 367 “The monk will then employ his knowledge derived from hearing to concern himself with still other hell realms. In this way he will come to see the Crushing Hell, the third among the great hells. Wondering what kind of accumulated karmic actions may ripen as birth in that realm, he will examine things by means of knowledge derived from hearing.
眾生三種作集惡業，生合地獄，受惡果報，所謂殺生、偷盜、邪行。如是三種惡不善業，生合地獄。彼上惡業，則生如是根本地獄，中、下惡業則生別處，有上中下三種苦受。
Thus, he will understand that birth in the Crushing Hell is an experience that results from carrying out and accumulating three forms of negative action: killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct. [F.156.a] Those three negative acts cause living beings to take birth in the Crushing Hell. Severe evil will cause birth in the main hell, whereas intermediate and lesser evil will bring birth in the neighboring regions. Severe, intermediate, and lesser evil will respectively produce greater, intermediate, and lesser harm.
又作業時，心力異故，彼中受命有上中下。
Furthermore, beings governed by severe, intermediate, and lesser negative minds will have long, intermediate, and short lives in hell, respectively.
又作業時，心力攀緣有上中下，於彼受苦有上中下。
Whether the tortures they experience are of a greater or intermediate kind depends on whether the mind’s reference points are of the greater or intermediate type.
三種業定，身業三種，口、意三種，謂上中下；又復三種，謂：欲界生、色界中生、無色界生；又復三種，所謂過去、現在、未來。
2. 368 “Karmic action may be classified as threefold with reference to the body, speech, and mind. It can also be classified as threefold in terms of the three times —past, future, and present —or in terms of which of the three realms a given act brings birth in: desire, form, or formless.
又復三種，所謂現受、生受、後受。
Furthermore, there is also intermediate, greater, and lesser karmic action, just as there is karmic action to be experienced in the present life, the subsequent life, or other lifetimes.
又復三種，謂：善、不善及以無記；又復三種：現縛、中縛、異生處縛。
Karmic action may also be virtuous, unvirtuous, or indeterminate, and it maybe related to the present life, the intermediate existence, or coming lives.
又復三種，人非人縛、非人人縛、自處自縛，所謂捨人還得人身，作地獄業。
There is also a threefold categorization in terms of karmic action related to humans, non-humans, and both humans and non-humans. Karmic action related to both humans and non-humans is, for example, when a human being commits an action that leads to hell.
是業勢力相似所作，業相似生，如得解脫神通比丘。
So-called distinctive enactment is when the manifestation of a given act turns out in complete conformity with its enactment. This is the case, for example, when monks perform miraculous feats according to their aspirations.
又復三種：一者作，二者不作，三者縛作。所言作者，初作沙門；言縛作者，後相續縛。言不作者，乃至獲得阿羅漢果。又復作者，作沙門已，作沙門行。又縛作者，此處退已，於異處生。
There are also the three principles of efficient, inefficient, and relational action. The first case is, for example, when someone becomes a mendicant and then later, in accordance with the former act, becomes a worthy one. [F.156.b] Inefficient action would be when someone becomes a mendicant yet does not practice wholesome action. Finally, relational action occurs once one is born in another life after having passed away in the present.
又復三種：一者禪縛，二者非禪縛，三、無報縛。彼禪縛者如初禪地、二禪縛地，非第三禪、非第四禪；非禪縛者謂施戒等；無報縛者謂阿羅漢，諸漏既盡，決定受業，不得果報。
2. 369 “There are also three types of action that are connected with concentration, not being connected with concentration, and not being connected with ripening. The first type is when an action committed on the level of the first concentration leads to the second concentration, but not to the third or the fourth. Karmic action not connected with concentration applies, for example, to generosity and discipline. Action not connected with ripening occurs, for example, for a worthy one who has exhausted defilements. Such a being has no connection to a life in which ripening will definitively be experienced.
彼比丘觀世間海業網繫縛，迭互因生行業果報，非有作者、非有受者、非無因緣，唯有業力。彼比丘如是思惟，破壞魔軍，修集善法。
2. 370 “ ‘Thus,’ the monk will think, ‘the world arises in terms of the oceanic webs of karmic action, which are mutually dependent and ripen during successive births. Here there is no doer and no experiencer. Nor is there in any accidental karma.’ With these thoughts in mind the monk will destroy the forces of the māras and accomplish the qualities of virtue.
更復勝上觀合地獄業因果報。云何眾生生於根本合大地獄？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作；如是之業，普遍究竟，樂行多作，是業則生根本地獄并及別處。
2. 371 “As the monk perceives the severe ripening of karmic action within the inferno of the Crushing Hell, he will ask himself how beings come to take birth upon such a ground. He will then see that by practicing, cultivating, and increasing acts of killing, taking what was not given, and sexual misconduct —including the preparations for and the conclusions of such acts —one may take birth in the Crushing Hell with its surrounding hells.
彼人於是根本地獄受大苦惱，作業如前，若人偷盜及作邪行，是人皆名邪行之人。云何名邪？如是異作，復異分別。若人邪行尊者之妻，彼人生於合大地獄受大苦惱，所謂苦者：鐵炎嘴鷲取其腸已，掛在樹頭而噉食之
The tortures in the main hell are such that one will be seized by vultures within a forest, and the vultures will then disembowel and consume one with their sharp flaming beaks.
彼有大河名饒鐵鉤，彼有鐵鉤皆悉火燃，閻魔羅人執地獄人擲彼河中墮鐵鉤上。又彼河中有熱炎刀，罪人於彼受大苦惱，彼苦無比，無有譬喻，所謂彼處受燃鉤苦，謂以燃鉤，鉤打其身；
Within the river called Filled with Stakes one will be impaled upon long, flaming stakes and then executed by the flaming swords of the henchmen of the Lord of Death. [F.157.a] While present in that realm one’s agonies are fierce and excruciating to an extent that defies comparison or example.
閻魔羅人取地獄人置彼河中，按令使沒，彼地獄人迭互相沈；既相沈已，唱喚號哭。河中非水，熱赤銅汁，漂彼罪人猶如漂木，流轉不停，如是漂燒受大苦惱。
2. 372 “When the beings of that hell realm are caught by the Lord of Death’s henchmen, who are intent on impaling them on flaming stakes, they will fight both the henchmen and each other, screaming in distress. Thrown into cauldrons of boiling, molten copper, their bodies will flare up like dry wood, and thus they will panic and burn.
彼鐵鉤河既燒漂已，彼地獄人，或有身如日初出者；有身沈沒如重石者；有著河岸不沒入者；或有罪人身如水衣；有為炎嘴鐵鷲食之如食魚者；或有身洋，其身猶如生酥塊者；有以鐵塼而打之者；或有身破百千分數如沙摶者。
As they are carried off by the river Filled with Stakes, some will flare up like dry grass, others will sink into the river like heavy stones, and some will wash up on the shores like mussel shells. Some bodies will melt like balls of butter, while others will first become like red-hot iron and then split into hundreds or thousands of pieces, as when a handful of sand is thrown into the air.
有在河中如洋銅者；有以熱灰燒其身者；有以炎鉗鉗其身已置熱灰中，復以鐵鉗連劖刺者；有擘其身猶如細縷，挽而打者；有挽其頭，令頭在下，在上打者；有置鑊中湯火煮之如熱豆者；有在鑊中迭互上下速翻覆者。
Some will be burned up by acid, or dissolve in boiling copper or iron. Some will be caught by flaming pliers and then killed by razor-sharp weapons. Some will be killed by having their limbs pulled apart like woven fabric 61 and some will be killed by being held face- down. Some will be caught and put in a jar, and then stewed in that jar like peas that first float on the surface and then gradually sink.
有置在鑊偏近一廂，舉手向天而號哭者，有共相近而號哭者，久受大苦無主無救。彼中多有炎嘴鷲鳥、野干狗等，在熱地上，不殺而食；屏處受苦，各不相見。
Occasionally one of them will surface and moan, while others may surface in groups, moaning and clutching onto one another. Without any protector, some of them will be caught upon a burning surface, and then eaten by flaming vultures, ravens, foxes, or dogs.
種種因緣、種種受苦，彼受無量百千種苦，自心所誑，十不善本邪行所得，緣殺生得，緣偷盜得。
2. 373 “Every single day the beings there have to undergo numerous such tortures. Deceived by their own minds, [F.157.b] they engaged in sexual misconduct, killing, and stealing. Thereby they came to apprehend these karmic manifestations and thus experience millions of such tortures.
又復如是：閻魔羅人以鐵炎杵，築彼罪人，罪人怖走，四向顧望，望有歸救，作如是言：『何人救我？我何所歸？』四向走望，如是行已，炎杵築已，置炎燃河、若炎燃樹、山巖石間、窟穴等中極嶮惡處，受種種苦，謂著樹頭，復推令墮在鐵鉤地，彼身瘡裂如是千到、若百千到。
2. 374 “The beings of this hell realm have no savior or protector. Wailing, they may try to escape as they think, ‘Who can protect us from these torments?’ Yet the henchmen of the Lord of Death will grind them with their blazing clubs and shepherd them toward rivers, trees, flaming rocks, forests, torrents, and mountains, only to subject them to all sorts of torture there. They will then take them to the tops of extremely tall trees and drop them to the ground, which is studded with swords. In this way their limbs will break into hundreds and thousands of pieces.
又復如是：閻魔羅人取地獄人，置刀葉林——刀葉甚多、火炎熾燃，而此罪人見彼樹頭有好端正嚴飾婦女，如是見已，極生愛染。如是婦女妙鬘莊嚴、末香坌身、塗香塗身，如是身形第一嚴飾，身極柔軟、指爪纖長、熈怡含笑，以種種寶莊嚴其身，種種欲媚，一切愚癡凡夫之人見則牽心。
2. 375 “Again, the henchmen of the Lord of Death may seize the beings of that hell realm and take them to a forest where the flaming leaves of the trees are sword-like and have torturous, razor-sharp edges. Due to their karmic actions, the sentient beings in this hell will perceive that those trees are home to delightful maidens adorned with flower garlands, colored powders, ointments, and exquisite jewelry. The maidens are very youthful, with fine nails, and their charms are of the kinds that enrapture all infantile, ordinary beings. Adorned with exquisite ornaments, they will promise numerous pleasures.
彼地獄人既見如是端正婦女在樹上已，生如是心：『是我人中本所見者，是我本時先所有者。』彼地獄人自業所誑故如是見；如是見已，即上彼樹，樹葉如刀，割其身肉；既割肉已，次割其筋；既割筋已，次割其骨；既割骨已，次劈其髓。如是劈割一切處已，乃得上樹，欲近婦女，心轉專念，自心所誑，在彼樹上如是受苦。
Seeing these girls, the beings of this hell will approach the trees, thinking, ‘When I lived as human, she was mine!’ Hence, due to their karmic obscurations, they will begin to climb the trees. However, as they do so, the sword-like leaves will cut open their flesh, sever their muscles, cut through their bones, and expose their bone marrow. Despite being cleaved by the sword-like leaves, however, [F.158.a] these hell beings will keep trying to climb the trees, infatuated by the maidens. Although they experience this kind of torture, still they will continue climbing, deceived by their own minds.
既上樹已，見彼婦女復在於地。彼人見已，然彼婦女以欲媚眼上看彼人，美聲語喚，先以甜語作如是言：『念汝因緣，我到此處，汝今何故不來近我？何不抱我？』如是地獄，業化所作。
2. 376 “However, when they finally reach the treetops, they will now perceive the girls sitting on the ground, looking up at them with longing eyes and sweet smiles. With beautiful voices they will call out, ‘I am here for you! Why will you not speak to me? Why will you not embrace me?’
罪人見已，欲心熾盛，刀葉樹頭次第復下。彼人既下，刀葉向上——炎火熾燃、利如剃刀，如是利刀先割其肉，次斷其筋，次割其骨，次割其脈，次割其髓，遍體作瘡。
As the beings of this hell perceive these karmic conjurations, they will, due to their minds’ desire, begin to climb down from those trees with sword-like leaves. As they do so, the razor-sharp leaves will now turn upward, cutting off lumps of their flesh, severing their muscles, cleaving their bones, piercing all their vital points, and drawing out their bone marrow.
彼地獄人如是被割、如是被劈，脈脈斷已，看彼婦女，欲愛燒心；既如是看，炎嘴鷲鳥即啄其眼，火燃刀葉先割其耳，如是被割，唱聲吼喚；刀葉炎燃次割其舌，次割其鼻，如是遍割一切身分。
Thus, they will subject themselves to grueling torture. Due to the desirous craving these hell beings harbor in their hearts, they will keep gazing at the women, all the while having all their limbs and organs cut up and butchered. Yet even as they keep gazing, vultures will descend upon them, plucking out their eyes and biting off their ears with terrifying, razor-sharp beaks. While the hell beings cry out in agony, their tongues and noses will be severed on the fearsome leaves of the trees, and all their major and minor body parts will be amputated.
欲愛牽心，如是到地，既到地已，而彼婦女復在樹頭，彼人見已，而復上樹，如前所說。彼業力故，如是無量百千年歲，如是無量百千億歲，自心所誑，彼地獄中如是轉行。
Maddened by their desirous craving, they will in this way plunge to the ground. However, once they reach the ground the girls will now climb to the treetops. As they see the girls climb, they will again pursue them, and everything will start once again. Thus, driven by their karmic actions and utterly deceived by their own minds, [F.158.b] these beings will cycle through hell for many hundreds of thousands, or even many billions of years.
彼地獄人如是被燒，何因故燒？邪欲為因。彼人如是猶不捨欲，無始來心，如是轉行，在於地獄、餓鬼、畜生。眾生之心不可調順，在地獄中猶故如是，當知是心不可信也。
2. 377 “Despite the torments that their pursuits bring them, and although sexual misconduct is the cause of their pain, these beings of hell do not let go of their desires. Since time without beginning, the mind has in this way entered the realms of hell beings, animals, and starving spirits. For these reasons, one should not engage in the frame of mind of a being headed for hell.
又復如是合大地獄，彼中有山名為鷲遍，彼地獄人燒身飢渴走赴彼山，而彼山中處處皆有炎嘴鐵鷲，壯身大肚，而彼鐵鷲，身內肚中有地獄人名為火人。
2. 378 “In the Crushing Hell lies a mountain known as Vulture Friendship. Thirsting and starving, the beings of hell will race toward that mountain. Yet on the summit of Vulture Friendship lives a vulture with a terrifying iron beak and a large stomach filled with burning embers.
彼地獄人望救、望歸，故赴彼山；既到彼山，彼鐵鷲鳥先破其頭，開髑髏骨而取其腦，復挑其眼；彼地獄人號哭唱喚，然無救者；既破其頭，飲腦盡已，擲頭異處；彼地獄人無頭無眼，而復走向闇冥地獄。
Helpless and without a protector, the beings of hell will climb this mountain, moaning in agony. When they reach the peak, the vultures will break open their skulls, extract their brains, and gouge out their eyes. Once they have gulped down the brains and brain membrane, the vultures will throw the heads away. Headless and with their eyes taken away, the beings of this hell will then run off into a dense darkness of blindness.
罪業力故，復有鐵鷲，其身極大，彼鷲腹中悉有火人，來向罪人，到即吞之。彼地獄人入鷲腹中，即為火人；本侵他妻罪業所致。彼殺生因，樂行多作，乃經無量百千年歲，常被燒燃，而復不死。
They will then encounter other vultures, produced by karma, that have an enormous body, and within their gigantic frame also burn glowing embers. These vultures will seize the beings of this hell and swallow them. Having entered the bird’s abdominal cavity they will burn there for many hundreds of thousands of years, because resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing has made it impossible for them to die sooner.
彼邪行因，樂行多作，則見婦女在刀葉林。
2. 379 “The force of resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of sexual misconduct [F.159.a] will make one perceive females in the forest of sword-like leaves.
彼偷盜因，樂行多作，入異地獄在於一處。
The power of resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of taking what was not given will, on the other hand, make one proceed to other regions of hell.
彼處是河，其河名曰無邊彼岸，熱沸銅汁滿彼河中。地獄罪人見河彼岸，多有種種第一淨食、佉陀尼食、蒲闍尼食，有好敷具、有好樹林，林有邃影，復有陂池、河流清水。
There is a river known as Infinite Shores that flows with boiling molten copper. Upon the far shores of this river the beings of this hell will perceive abundant food, drink, and lodging. The land appears delightful, with ample shade, lush forests, streaming rivers, and cool ponds.
彼地獄人如是見已，即發大聲，迭相招喚，作如是言：『汝來，汝來！我今得樂。今有種種佉陀尼食、蒲闍尼食，有好敷具。』如前所說。
When they see this, the beings of this hell will run toward it as before, yelling and calling upon each other, ‘Friends, come forth! Come forth, and you shall find excellent food, drink, lodging . . . and so forth.’
彼地獄人如是唱喚，餘地獄人既聞聲已，皆共馳走，謂有能救、謂有可歸，和集一處，迭相問言：『我今當於何處得樂？何救何歸？』
As they hear these words, other beings of this hell will also hasten forth, for they yearn for help, protection, and relief. As they meet together on the riverbank, the beings who were called will ask, ‘Where is that place, friends, where we were going to find happiness and relief?’
復有異人，不喚而來，指示之言：『汝今看此無邊彼岸、大河彼岸，如是多有佉陀尼食、蒲闍尼食、敷具樹林、蔭影清涼。』如前所說。彼地獄人，如是一切迭相和集，俱走往赴無邊彼岸、大河彼岸。如是河中熱白鑞汁、熱鉛錫汁沫覆其上。
Then the beings who had called them will point at the opposite bank and say, ‘Friends, look at the far banks of Infinite Shores, abounding with food, drink, beds, couches, groves, forests . . . and so forth!’ Pushing against each other, all of them will then plunge into the river’s fierce and frothing waves of boiling metal.
彼地獄人既如是走，墮在彼河；既墮彼已，其身有如生酥塊者，有消洋者，有炎嘴烏食噉之者，有熱炎口惡魚食者，有身分散而消洋者。彼地獄人在彼河中，如是一切如是受苦，是彼惡業因緣勢力作集所致，如是受苦。彼地獄人，如是無量百千年歲，燒煮熟爛、分散消洋，乃至作集惡業破壞、無氣腐爛，彼地獄中，爾乃得脫。
As they fall into the river, some will melt as if they were lumps of butter, some will be eaten by crows with flaming beaks, [F.159.b] and some will be swallowed by fish whose flaming mouths will consume all their organs and body parts. 62
彼地獄中閻魔羅人，責疏罪人而說偈言：
妻子羂所縛，將來地獄舍，何故為心誑，造作彼惡業？cf. Dhs.16.27-33
2. 380 “These verses rightly explain the karmic actions of such beings: “Deceived by your own minds, You pursued females. And so, bound by the shackles of negative acts, You were led to the realms of hell.
汝本為妻子、知識親眷等，造作諸惡業，非是黠慧人。
2. 381 “You, whose unwholesome minds are attached, Exerted yourselves in negative acts For the sake of your children, spouse, friends, relatives, and kinsmen. But where have they all gone now?
汝實不自愛，今到地獄處，何故為兒子，作惡業至此？
2. 382 “In the land of humans you may not Have caused yourselves to suffer, But in your final human existence You engaged in evil for your children’s sake. 63
若為妻子誑，造作諸惡業，後心不生悔，彼人入地獄。
2. 383 “Those whose former acts were evil Will not later escape harm. Deceived by their children and spouse, They enter the fierce realms of hell.
汝獨地獄燒，為惡業所食，妻子兄弟等，親眷不能救。
2. 384 “What can a spouse and friends do, And how could children help? When the provisions for that journey are in place One will burn all alone in the realms of hell.
若為癡所誑，而不作善業，後則不得樂，汝今徒悔恨。
2. 385 “Not averse to pleasure They did not engage in virtue. Why wouldn’t you, infantile beings deceived by dullness, Later come to experience pain?
若隨順欲瞋，癡心第一誑，為妻子樂故，一切向下行。
2. 386 “Those who are fooled by their own minds’ dullness Will proceed with desire and anger; Thus, while seeking happiness for their children and spouse They all stray downward.
自業自與果，眾生業至此，作善業生天，作惡來此處。 cf. Dhs.13.6.
2. 387 “Living beings take birth within the realms of karmic action And experience the effects of their own deeds. For those who did good the world will be divine, And for doers of evil it will be equally foul.
如是彼處閻魔羅人，如是多多責地獄人，如是如是責疏之言：『若汝自身造作惡業，今欲令誰食如是食？若自作善，還自得善；若作不善，自得不善；不作不得，作則不失。汝本作業，今得此報。』
2. 388 “Thus, the henchmen of the Lord of Death will instruct the beings of the Crushing Hell, saying, ‘Who else should experience the consequences of your acts? You, yourselves, will experience the effects of your own positive or negative acts. Such effects do not come about unless you create them. Nothing you do is ever lost.’ [F.160.a]
彼地獄人如是久在合大地獄，乃經無量百千年中常被燒煮，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，如是殺生、偷盜、邪行，樂行多作，所得果報，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄中爾乃得脫。
2. 389 “Until their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, the beings of the Crushing Hell will continue to live on for many hundreds of thousands of years. Such are the effects of resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, taking what was not given, and sexual misconduct. With the passing of time, just as these beings first got into their torturous situation, so they will at some point also be freed from hell.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中貧窮短命，得下劣妻，設得好者，共異人通；若或無妻，得凡鄙身，為他所使。彼業勢力餘殘果報，得如是等。如是惡業，能誑惑人，令入地獄。
They may then, due to acts that are to be experienced in other life times, not be born as a starving spirit or an animal, but instead take birth as a human. In that case, however, their lives will be short and impoverished, their spouses will be unpleasant, they may crave for the spouses of others, they may be despised and find no spouse at all, or they may be enslaved. These karmic effects accord with their respective causal actions. Such effects will occur for all those who journey to hell, deceived by the forces of karmic action.
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄十六別處，何等十六？一名大量受苦惱處；二名割刳處；三名脈脈斷處；四名惡見處；五名團處；六名多苦惱處；七名忍苦處；八名朱誅朱誅處；九名何何奚處；十名淚火出處；十一名一切根滅處；十二名無彼岸受苦處；十三名鉢頭摩處；十四名大鉢頭摩處；十五名火盆處；十六名鐵火末處。合大地獄有如是等十六別處。
2. 390 “The monk who has knowledge of the ripening of karmic effects will further examine the neighboring regions of the great Crushing Hell. Thus he will notice sixteen realms that surround it: Infinite Torture, Slicing Like a Bottle-Gourd Fruit, Ripping of All Vital Points, the Lump, Terrifying Sight, Copious Degeneration, Unbearable Harm, Crier, Wailer, Pleading, Fire that Brings Forth a Torrent of Tears, Cessation of All Faculties, Endless Agony, Bursting Like Lotuses, Bursting Like Great Lotuses, Furnace, and Metallic Fire. 64
眾生何業生於彼處？彼比丘思惟觀察：若人三種惡不善業，所謂殺生、偷盜、邪行，樂行多作，彼決定受合大地獄，受苦惱處。
2. 391 “As the monk asks himself what karmic actions may cause one to take birth there, [F.160.b] he will, just as before, perceive three unvirtuous actions: killing, taking what was not given, and sexual misconduct. Resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing these acts is certain to produce the experience of life in the hell of Infinite Torture.
眾生何業生初大量受苦惱處？彼見：有人不應行婬、不正觀察、樂邪欲行，生彼大量受苦惱處地獄之中，受大苦惱，所謂：炎熱鋒利鐵[矛*(替-曰+貝)]刺令穿徹，以彼鐵[矛*(替-曰+貝)]從下刺之，背上而出；又復刺之，腹上而出；又復刺之，腰中而出；又復刺之，肩上而出；又復刺之，從脇而出；又復刺之，從咽而出；又復刺之，從口而出；復破髑髏而從其出；又復刺之，從耳而出。彼地獄人如是被[矛*(替-曰+貝)]，一切身分皆悉穿破，受大苦惱，若燒若煮一切身分。
Thus, one who has associated with inappropriate females and engaged in sexual misconduct will take birth in the hell realm of Infinite Torture and experience the following tortures. The lower part of one’s body will be impaled upon a flaming stake. That same stake will then also pierce through one’s back, belly, torso, hips, shoulders, upper arms, throat, mouth, skull, and ears. Thus, the flaming stake will devastatingly penetrate all one’s limbs and organs, burning and boiling everything.
彼受如是諸苦惱已，又復更與極重苦惱，所謂：復以熱炎鐵鉗，挾拔其卵；若鐵鷲鳥，挽拔其卵而食之者。
Thereafter follows an unbearably torturous pain, as burning iron pliers tear off one’s testicles, which are then consumed by vultures.
如是乃至所作集業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
Until one’s completed and accumulated acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted there will be no end to one’ screams as the terrors will continue. Only once the relevant karmic actions have been exhausted will one escape that realm of hell.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，為第三人，謂內官等，彼不善業餘殘果報。
If at that point one avoids birth as a starving spirit or an animal due to karmic action that is to be experienced in other lives, one may be born with the general lot in life of a human. However, as a karmic effect in accordance with its unvirtuous cause, one will in that case [F.161.a] be born as a neuter.
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知復有異處名割刳處，是合地獄第二別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄，生割刳處。殺生、偷盜業及果報，如前所說。何者邪行？謂：於婦女不應行處，口中行婬。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處合大地獄，生割刳處。
2. 392 “As the monk further examines the regions surrounding the great Crushing Hell, he will perceive the hell realm known as Slicing Like a Bottle-Gourd Fruit. Wondering what karmic actions may cause one to take birth there, he will understand that such a birth is due to resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct. Inquiring as to the specific forms of sexual misconduct that have such a consequence, he will realize that when one enters an inappropriate female through the mouth one will, upon the disintegration of one’s body, fall into the lower realms of hell.
受大苦惱，所謂苦者：閻魔羅人以熱鐵釘，釘其口中，從頭而出，出已急拔。又釘其口，耳中而出。
There one’s tortures will be such that the henchmen of the Lord of Death thrust a spike into one’s mouth, and as they keep shoving the spike forward, it will emerge at the back of one’s neck. As they keep moving the spike about, it will also emerge through one’s ears. The henchmen will then smelt copper in an iron pot and pour the liquid metal into one’s mouth.
復以鐵鉢盛熱銅汁，瀉其口中，銅汁熱炎燒燃其脣，次燒其舌；既燒舌已，次燒其眼，如是燒咽，次燒其心，次燒其肚，如是次第，乃至糞門，從下而出。如是邪行，樂行多作，惡業果報在於地獄。
Thus, first one’s lips are burned, followed by one’s tongue, palate, throat, and all the way down to the stomach. Having thus burnt one’s body, the liquid will emerge from the lower end of it. Such is the ripening of the karmic effects associated with having resorted to, become habituated to, and increased acts of sexual misconduct.
如是如是種種受苦，乃經無量百千億歲，常被燒煮，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，口中常臭如爛氣臭，如是熏他一切所惡，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 393 “Hellish tortures of this sort will continue until the relevant karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted. The burning and boiling will go on for many hundreds of thousands of years, until finally they are exhausted. Once one is free of the relevant karmic actions, one may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. However, as an effect that accords with its karmic cause, [F.161.b] one’s mouth will in that case emit a rotten stench, causing one to be shunned by everyone.
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處，彼處名為脈脈斷處，是合地獄第三別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄脈脈斷處。殺生、偷盜業及果報，如前所說。何者邪行？謂：於婦女非道行婬，彼不隨順，自力強逼。
2. 394 “As the monk further examines the regions surrounding the great Crushing Hell, he will perceive the hell realm known as Ripping of All Vital Points. Wondering what karmic actions may cause one to take birth there, he will understand that such a birth is due to resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, taking what was not given, and sexual misconduct. The specific form of sexual misconduct that one pursues, which will have such a consequence, is that of coercing unconsenting women, other than one’s own, to engage in non-vaginal sex.
彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處合大地獄脈脈斷處，受大苦惱，所謂：熱筒盛熱銅汁，置口令滿，唱聲吼喚作如是言：『我今孤獨。』
Upon the disintegration of one’s body, one will then suffer a downfall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Ripping of All Vital Points. In that realm the tortures that are associated with killing and taking what was not given are just as described earlier. In particular relation to sexual misconduct, one will have flaming rods stuffed into one’s mouth, heated twice as much.
如是無量百千年歲，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中，所得妻婦貪愛他人，彼人見之，不能遮障，是彼惡業餘殘果報。彼作集業果報不失，猶故須受。
2. 395 “Until the relevant negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, there will be no end to one’s tortures, and so one will continue to cry out helplessly for many hundreds of thousands of years. When later one escapes that hell, one may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. As a karmic effect that accords with its cause, one will then have unstoppable desire for the spouses of others, for the ripening of those acts that were carried out and accumulated will not dissipate before it has been experienced.
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名惡見處，是合地獄第四別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄生惡見處。殺生、偷盜業及果報，如前所說。
2. 396 “As the monk further examines the regions surrounding the great Crushing Hell, [F.162.a] he will perceive the hell realm known as Terrifying Sight. Wondering what karmic actions may cause beings to take birth there, he will understand that such a birth is due to becoming habituated to and increasing acts of killing, taking what was not given, and sexual misconduct in such a way that they are undertaken and accumulated. As for killing and stealing, it is just as in the previous cases.
何者邪行？所謂：有人取他兒子，強逼邪行，自既力多，令彼啼哭。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處合大地獄，生惡見處。
However, in terms of sexual misconduct, the specific aspect is that of having forcefully placed one’s mouth onto a child’s genitals. 65 When one later separates from one’s body, one will suffer a downfall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell of Terrifying Sight.
受大苦惱，所謂自見己之兒子，以惡業故，見自兒子在地獄中，於彼兒子生重愛心，如本人中。如是見已，閻魔羅人若以鐵杖、若以鐵錐刺其陰中，若以鐵鉤釘其陰中。既見自子如是苦事，自生大苦，愛心悲絕不可堪忍。此愛心苦，於火燒苦十六分中不及其一。
2. 397 “In that hell the tortures are of the following kind. One will perceive the person who was one’s child in one’s previous human existence, and upon seeing this karmic conjuration one will yearningly think, ‘That child was mine when I was a human!’ Right then, one will perceive that the henchmen of the Lord of Death begin to stab the child with spikes, stabbing the child’s genitals in particular. Seeing this torture will cause one commensurate mental torment. In fact, the mental torture experienced by the hell being will be sixteen times more severe than the pain of being burned by fire, because mental pain is more intense than the physical pain.
彼人如是心苦逼已，復受身苦，所謂：彼處閻魔羅人之所執持，頭面在下，熱炎鐵鉢盛熱銅汁，灌其糞門入其身內、燒其熟藏；燒熟藏已，次燒大腸；燒大腸已，次燒小腸；燒小腸已，次燒其胃；既燒胃已，如是次第：次燒其咽；既燒咽已，次燒其喉；既燒喉已；次燒舌根；燒舌根已，次燒其舌；既燒舌已，次燒其齗；既燒齗已，次燒其頭；既燒頭已，次燒其腦；如是燒已，在下而出。
In terms of physical pain, one will be apprehended by the Lord of Death’s henchmen and then placed head down in a red-hot iron cauldron. The henchmen will then pour boiling copper onto one’s genitals, [F.162.b] and the metal will burn its way into one’s intestines. From the intestines the liquid metal will burn through to the heart, from the heart to the spleen, from the spleen to the lungs, from the lungs to the trachea, from the trachea to the throat, from the throat to the tongue, from the tongue to the palate, from the palate to the brain, and from the brain to the brain membrane. Thus, the fires will move from below.
彼邪行人受如是苦，如是無量百千年中，以業化故，見自兒子，自身心苦，具受如是身、心二苦，如是無量百千年中，常受大苦，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 398 “Those who have engaged in sexual misconduct will for many hundreds of thousands of years perceive such children, who are in fact just creations of their own karmic actions, and thus continue to experience mental and physical torments of the kinds just described. Until they have overcome, relinquished, and exhausted the relevant karmic actions, there will be no end to their tortures, and they will not die.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中則無兒息，雖有不淨，不成種子，世人皆言：『此人不男。』一切嫌賤，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
When they finally break free of this karmic conditioning they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. In terms of effects that accord with their karmic causes, their semen will then be impotent; they will therefore have no offspring, and others will spitefully refer to them as neuters.
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄，為當更有異處以不？彼見聞知：復有異處名為團處，急團相似，是合地獄第五別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄，生於團處。殺生、偷盜及以果報，如前所說。何者邪行？所謂：有人若見牸牛、若草馬等婬道處已，心生分別：『此如是處，與人婦女不應有異。』如是念已，即便生於人婦女想而行婬欲。
2. 399 “Wondering what other neighboring realms there may be, the monk will continue to investigate the regions that surround the great Crushing Hell. With knowledge derived from hearing he will perceive the existence of another realm of hell, known as the Lump, because of its shape of a lump. Wondering what actions may cause one to take birth there, the monk will see how certain people have intercourse with cattle and other hoofed animals, imagining such animals to be women.
彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終，墮於惡處合大地獄，生於團處。
Once these people separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms and take birth in the hell [F.163.a] of the Lump.
受大苦惱，所謂：見彼若牛、若馬惡業因故，地獄中見，自心分別，如前憶念人婦女想，若本牸牛、若本草馬見已即生人婦女想，欲心熾盛，即便走向如是牛馬。
2. 400 “In the hell of the Lump, they will experience the following tortures. Those cows or mares that they previously were attracted to will now appear to them in forms that are produced by their own karmic actions. Oppressed by desire, they will then pursue those forms.
有鐵炎火滿牛馬內，彼人既近牛馬根門，惡業因故，入彼根門，即入其腹，滿中熱火，彼處受苦，乃經無量百千年中常被燒煮，其身熟爛不能出聲。
However, the creatures that they see in this way have bodies filled with fiercely flaming iron embers. When the beings in hell touch these animals, they will be drawn in through the apertures in these flaming bodies, which are produced through incorrect actions. Once they have entered these creatures’ dark recesses, they will be roasted and boiled there for many hundreds of thousands of years without even being able to cry out.
於彼腹中闇處苦逼，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時常被燒燃；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，則生無禮非仁之國，以己之妻令他侵近，不生妬忌，邪行業因餘殘果報。
Until the relevant karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, there will be no end to their tortures and they will continue to burn. When they finally break free of this karmic conditioning they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, as a karmic effect that accords with its cause —completed and accumulated acts of sexual misconduct with someone who is not one’s wife —they will be born in a similar situation.
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄，為當更有異處以不？彼見聞知：復有異處名多苦惱，是合地獄第六別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄多苦惱處。殺生、偷盜業及果報，如前所說；何者邪行？謂：男行男。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——合大地獄多苦惱處。
2. 401 “Again, the monk will examine the regions that surround the great hells. Thus, through knowledge derived from hearing he will see the hell known as Copious Degeneration. Wondering what karmic actions may cause beings to take birth there, he will understand that such a birth is due to resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, taking what was not given, and sexual misconduct. The aspects of killing and taking what was not given are here just as in the previous cases, yet in terms of sexual misconduct the specific aspect is that of men having [F.163.b] sex with other men. When such a man later separates from his body, he will fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell of Copious Degeneration.
受大苦惱，作集業力，於地獄中見本男子，熱炎頭髮，一切身體皆悉熱炎，其身堅[革*卬]猶如金剛，來抱其身。既被抱已，一切身分皆悉解散，猶如沙摶。
2. 402 “As the effect of having carried out and accumulated such acts, he will then experience the following tortures. The man he used to be with will appear to the being in hell, yet his hair and entire body will be aflame, and his body will be solid like vajra. When this man embraces the hell being, all the major and minor body parts of the hell being will disintegrate, as when sand falls through one’s hand.
死已復活，以本不善惡業因故。於彼炎人，極生怖畏，走避而去，墮於嶮岸，下未至地，在於空中有炎嘴烏，分分攫斲，令如芥子，尋復還合，然後到地。
Yet due to the power of negative acts, the hell being will be revived as soon as he has died, and he will now be terrified and shocked by the burning man. He will then see a ravine into which he falls. While in midair, he will be attacked by ravens with flaming beaks who will tear him to pieces the size of sesame seeds.
既到地已，彼地復有炎口野干而噉食之，唯有骨在，復還生肉。既生肉已，閻魔羅人取置炎鼎而復煮之。
When he has fallen to the ground, foxes with flaming mouths will devour him. Yet even if the foxes consume his bones, he will nevertheless be born again, but this time only to be cooked in a flaming jar by the henchmen of the Lord of Death.
如是無量百千年歲，煮之食之、分之散之，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，於多苦處爾乃得脫。若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，失無量妻，不得一妻，究竟如是。設自有妻，則厭離之，喜樂他人；邪行業因餘殘果報。
2. 403 “Thus, for as long as one’s completed and accumulated karmic actions have not been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, one will continue to be burned, eaten, and reduced to dust. When one finally escapes the hell of Copious Degeneration, one may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet as an effect that accords with the act of sexual misconduct, one will have many spouses but lose them all. Unable to keep any one of them, one will see them all go to other men. [F.164.a]
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄，為當更有異處以不？彼見聞知：復有異處名忍苦處，是合地獄第七別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄，生忍苦處。殺生、偷盜業及果報，如前所說。
2. 404 “The monk will then continue to examine the regions that surround the great Crushing Hell, wondering what further realms may be found there. Based on knowledge derived from hearing, he will then perceive a hell known as Unbearable Harm. Inquiring as to what karmic actions may cause beings to take birth there, he will understand that such a birth is due to resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing completed and accumulated acts of killing, taking what was not given, and sexual misconduct. Here, the aspects of killing and taking what was not given are just as in the previous cases.
何者邪行？所謂：有人破他軍國，得婦女已，若或自行、若自取已給與他人，若依道行、若不依道。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處合大地獄，生忍苦處。
In terms of sexual misconduct, a woman who belongs with others may fall into one’s hands during a military campaign. If one then gives such a woman to many men, or oneself penetrates her vagina or another opening, one will, when one separates from one’s body, fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell known as Unbearable Harm.
受大苦惱，所謂苦者：閻魔羅人懸之在樹，頭面在下，足在於上，下燃大火燒一切身，從面而起。彼地獄火，熱勢甚熾，彼罪人身，危脆衃軟，眼最軟故，燒盡無餘，彼罪人身燒盡復生。彼人如是受極苦惱，堅[革*卬]叵耐。彼人如是地獄中生，彼人如是受大苦惱，唱聲吼喚、呻號啼哭。
2. 405 “In that hell, beings will undergo the following torments. The henchmen of the Lord of Death will hang them by their feet from the top of a tree and then light a fire below. In this way their entire bodies will burn, beginning with their faces and their deeply cherished eyes. These beings of hell will undergo fierce and intense torments that are difficult to endure, and so they will wail, scream, and cry out in agony.
唱喚口開，彼地獄火從口而入，火既入已，先燒其心；既燒心已，次燒其肺，如是次第至生、熟藏，根及糞門；如是燒已，次燒其足。既受如是被燒苦已，復有烏來噉食其身。彼受如是二種大苦，唱聲吼喚，而燒不止。
Yet as they open their mouths while crying the flames will enter them. From their mouths the flames will reach their lungs, spleen, stomach, intestines, and anus —thus devouring everything down to their feet. While they burn in this way, suffering excruciating pain, [F.164.b] ravens will appear and begin to eat from them. Thus, they will both burn and scream, undergoing two distinct tortures.
如是無量百千年歲，於地獄中受極苦惱。如是苦惱，無異相似。如是無量百千年歲，乃至惡業未爛未壞、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 406 “Until they have overcome, relinquished, and exhausted their karmic actions there will be no end to their torments, and so their extraordinarily intense and unbearably sharp pains will go on for many hundreds of thousands of years.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，設得好婦端正無雙，則為官軍破壞劫奪，惡業力故，唱喚號哭，懊惱心碎。彼人如是地獄人中，二時、二處受大苦惱，唱喚號哭、懊惱等苦，邪行業因餘殘果報。
Once they escape this hell, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet due to the force of their karmic actions, enemy forces will abduct their beloved and delightful wife, while she cries and screams in agony. Thus, as a karmic effect that accords with its cause, one’s spouse will be crying, lamenting, and miserable in this world and beyond.
