1.No. 721正法念處經，元魏婆羅門瞿曇般若流支譯
2.藏譯英The Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma, Saddharma smṛtyupasthāna https://read.84000.co/translation/toh287.html.
地獄品之三
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處，彼處名為朱誅朱誅，是合地獄第八別處；殺生、偷盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄朱誅朱誅。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若人殺生、偷盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄，朱誅朱誅地獄處生。殺生、偷盜業及果報，如前所說。何者邪行？所謂：有人不善觀察，若羊若驢，以無人女，是故婬之，彼人於佛不生敬重，或在浮圖、或近浮圖。
2. 407 “The monk will then continue his exploration of the regions that surround the great Crushing Hell, wondering what karmic actions may cause beings to take birth in the hell known as Crier. Applying knowledge derived from hearing, he will notice how some men, due to improper mental activity, have sex with sheep or donkeys when no women can be found, without any sense of respect toward a stūpa, the vicinity of a stūpa, or a buddha.
彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處合大地獄，朱誅朱誅地獄處生，受大苦惱，所謂：鐵蟻常所唼食，一切身分受大苦惱。
When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Crier. There they will undergo torture as iron ants consume all their major and minor body parts, thus causing intense pain. [F.165.a]
彼地獄火滿其腹內，彼地獄人內外燒煮，自種惡業，得此惡報。如是無量百千年歲，常有惡虫朱誅朱誅，在地獄中噉食其肉，復飲其血；既飲血已，次斷其筋；既斷筋已，次破其骨；既破骨已，次飲其髓；既飲髓已，食大小腸。彼地獄人如是燒已、如是炙已、如是食已，唱喚號哭種種浪語，悲號大哭。
At the same time, the stomachs of these hell beings will be filled with fire. As their actions ripen in this fierce and unbearable way, the inside and outside of their bodies will be burned and consumed for many hundreds of thousands of years. Moreover, the worms called scream provokers will appear, consuming their flesh and drinking their blood. Cutting through their muscles, they will bite through their bones and suck the marrow from them, and eat their entrails. While being thus cooked and eaten, these beings will cry out in despair and wail pitifully.
如是乃至不可愛樂不善惡業，食受未盡，如是無量百千年歲，常被燒煮炙熟食之，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 408 “Until they have experienced the ripening of the karmic effects, however, their experience will continue to be this terrifying, repugnant, hideous, and ugly. Thus, until their karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, they will continue to be burned and boiled alive for many hundreds of thousands of years.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，多有怨對，雖在王舍而不得力，生常貧窮、資生乏少又不長命。是彼邪行惡業勢力，在於人中受餘殘果報。
2. 409 “When they finally escape this hell, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet as a karmic effect that accords with its cause they will, as a human, have many competitors within the royal court and they will never have any success. Living a life in poverty and deprivation, they will soon meet with death.
又彼比丘知業果報。次復觀察合大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名何何奚，是合地獄第九別處。是何業報作集之業，普遍究竟，墮合地獄何何奚處？彼見聞知：若人殺生、偷盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄何何奚處。殺生、偷盜業及果報，如前所說。何者邪行？邊地夷人於姊妹等不應行處，而行婬欲；彼國法爾，生處過惡。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終生合地獄何何奚處，
2. 410 “As the monk continues his examination of the regions that surround the great Crushing Hell, he will wonder what completed and accumulated actions, inclusive of their preparation and conclusion, may ripen as birth in the hell realm known as Wailer. As he examines this with knowledge derived from hearing, he will understand that if one resorts to, becomes habituated to, and increases acts of killing, taking what was not given, and sexual misconduct, as one separates from one’s body, one will fall into the lower realms and take birth in the hell known as Wailer. [F.165.b] In terms of the specific ripening that results in birth there, engagement in killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct may cause one to be born among barbarians and so suffer from general flaws related to one’s place of birth. In that way one may also come to have sex with one’s sister or another inappropriate person. Then, as one later separates from one’s body, one will fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell of Wailer, where the following torments must be endured.
受大苦惱，所謂：彼處地獄之中常被燒煮，閻魔羅人之所撾打，苦毒吼喚，其聲遍滿五千由旬。彼地獄人未到地獄，在中有中聞彼吼聲。吼聲極惡，不可得聞。
2. 411 “Beings who live in Wailer are slain by the Lord of Death’s henchmen, who burn and boil them. As this happens, their screams can be heard from a distance of five leagues away. However, the power of karmic action will make any being who is in an intermediate existence misapprehend their pitiful and terrifying screams.
彼顛倒故，聞彼啼哭則是歌聲、拍手等聲，種種話聲，惡業力故，聞之愛樂，生如是心：『令我到彼如是聲處。』如是念已，速生彼處。何因緣有？取因緣有。彼中有中，何處何處發心悕取，則生彼。心取彼心已，則生彼處；既生彼處，即於生時得地獄苦。
Instead, they will hear the cries as sweet songs and the sound of cymbals, and they will therefore want to hasten to where the tunes come from. As soon as they make that wish, a condition for perpetuating existence is formed, which then causes them to take birth there. Beings in the intermediate existence take birth in accordance with their grasping, and this type of grasping will cause them to be born in that hell. As soon as they are born there, they will proceed to experience the sufferings of hell.
即聞地獄自體惡聲，急惡苦惱無異相似，不可譬喻，受大苦惱。既聞惡聲，心重破壞。
2. 412 “They will hear the screams of other hell beings for what they really are. Thus, what they hear is unbearably intense and so horrible that nothing compares or even comes close to it. Then, as the sound becomes twice as loud, it will pierce their hearts and become even more unbearable.
受大苦惱，所謂：鐵山名烏丘山，其山炎燃，其炎極高五千由旬在虛空界。彼有鐵樹，樹有鐵烏，烏身炎然滿彼樹上。彼山火然，間無空處。
2. 413 “Moreover, the beings in this hell are subject to the following other tortures. In their realm stands a flaming iron mountain called of Ravens’ Peak. It’s flames shoot up five hundred leagues into the sky. It is covered with iron trees [F.166.a] in which live terrifying iron ravens, and the entire mountain is engulfed by fire.
惡業力故，常有炎火熾燃不滅。以惡業故，見蓮花林遍滿彼山，彼地獄人既見蓮花，迭互相喚，作如是言：『汝來，汝來！如是山上多有冷林潤膩之林，今可共往。』
Although the iron mountain is constantly ablaze with fire produced by karma, ruinous karmic actions will nevertheless make it appear as covered by a grove of lotuses, with the flames appearing as lotus petals. Therefore, when they see the mountain, the beings in this hell will call to one another, ‘Friends, come on! Come on! Let’s climb that mountain with cool shady groves! Let’s go hang out in those beautiful groves!’
閻魔羅人打地獄人，上雨刀石，罪人畏故，走赴彼山，望得救免，望主望歸。如是罪人既到彼山，而彼山上熱炎遍滿，多有炎烏，鐵嘴甚利，彼地獄人如是見已，彼烏疾來向地獄人。彼地獄人有炎烏來破其頭者。
2. 414 “Meanwhile, the henchmen of the Lord of Death will throw stones at them, and so they will start to run toward the mountain, yearning for safety, refuge, and protection. Yet as they begin to climb it, raging tongues of flames will blaze forth from the mountain, and when the terrifying ravens see the approaching hordes of hell beings, they will rapidly swoop down on them and devour them with their extremely sharp beaks.
復有烏來取其腦者，復有烏來取其眼者，復有烏來取其鼻者，復有烏來取其頰者，復有烏來取其皮者，復有烏來取其脇者，復有烏來取其足者，復有烏來取其舌者，復有烏來取其項者，復有烏來取頭皮者，復有烏來取其喉者，復有烏來取其心者，復有烏來取其肺者，復有烏來取小大腸者，復有烏來取其腹皮，復有烏來取其臍下陰密處者，復有烏來取其髀者，復有烏來取其踹者，復有烏來取足跟皮，復有烏來取足下皮，復有烏來取其足指，復有烏來分分食之，復有烏來分分取肋，復有烏來取脇骨者，復有烏來唯取其手一廂之骨，復有烏來一切身分具足取者，復有烏來取其髓者，如是眾烏食地獄人，分分皆食。
Some will split their skulls and extract their brains and brain membrane, while others will cut out their eyes, noses, skin on their jaws, loins, craniums, tongues, necks, skin on their necks, throats, navels, chests, larynxes, hearts, lungs, spleens, intestines, colons, bellies, ears, thighs, hips, heels, feet, foot soles, anuses, and toes. [F.166.b] Thus the ravens will split the hell beings open and devour them. Some will eat them from the front, some will eat the lungs, some will eat the bones on the backs of their hands, and some will eat all the major and minor body parts, including the feet. In this way the ravens will split open and consume each individual hell being.
罪業力故，食已還生。於彼炎烏、閻魔羅人生怖畏故，烏丘山中處處馳走，望救望歸，上烏丘山。上彼山已，以惡業故，炎火遍滿來覆其身，如是無量百千年歲燒而復生。是彼作集惡業力故，受大苦惱。若復上到烏丘山頂。
2. 415 “However, by the force of their karmic actions, the hell beings will be reborn and so they will continue to suffer the terrors of the Lord of Death’s henchmen and the ravens. Again, wishing for protection and refuge, they will once more run toward the Ravens’ Peak. As they climb it, their bodies will be enveloped in the flaming tongues of fire produced by karmic action, and so they will continue to burn on that mountain for many hundreds of thousands of years. Until they have overcome, relinquished, and exhausted their negative karmic actions, the force of their completed and accumulated karmic actions, terrifying and severe, will drive them to continue climbing toward the summit of the Ravens’ Peak.
山頭復有火炎極高五千由旬，彼炎吹舉在空而燒，如燒飛虫。如是無量百千年歲受大苦惱，而常不死，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若彼殺生、偷盜、邪行，樂行多作，惡業受盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
This will persist until they have overcome, relinquished, and exhausted the karmic manifestations of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct —those karmic actions that they resorted to, became habituated to, and repeated. This flaming mountain rises five hundred leagues into the sky, and although the beings of this hell are burned upon it like moths, the time of their death does not arrive.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，一切身分皆悉爛臭，得惡癩病，若得癡病，多有怨對，恒常貧窮，生惡國土；彼作集業，餘殘果報。
2. 416 “When their actions have finally been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, they will escape that hell. At that point they may, due to karma that is to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead take birth with the general lot in life of a human. However, as an effect that accords with the causal completed and accumulated karmic actions, their major and minor body parts will emit a foul smell, [F.167.a] they will contract leprosy or a cutaneous disease, they will have many rivals, and they will generally be poor and live in unsavory places.
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名淚火出，是合地獄第十別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄淚火出處。殺生、偷盜業及果報，如前所說。
2. 417 “The monk will then continue to examine the regions that surround the great Crushing Hell and by means of knowledge derived from hearing he will perceive another neighboring region, known as Fire that Brings Forth a Torrent of Tears. Wondering what karmic actions may cause one to take birth there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and so come to understand that such a birth is due to resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct. Here, the aspects of killing and stealing are just as in the previous cases.
何者邪行？若比丘尼先共餘人行不淨行，毀破禁戒，若人重犯。彼比丘尼，彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——合大地獄淚火出處。
In terms of sexual misconduct, some nuns may lose their discipline and develop vulgar conduct, engaging in sexual misconduct with one person after another. When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Fire that Brings Forth a Torrent of Tears.
受大苦惱，所謂彼處相似受苦，彼苦堅[革*卬]不愛業作，所謂：大火普炎所燒，眼出火淚，彼淚是火即燒其身，彼地獄人受如是等種種苦惱。
2. 418 “In that hell they will experience tortures of the following kinds. Their awful and rough, undesirable actions will produce a flaming fire that scorches them, and even the tears that come to their eyes will themselves take the form of fire. Such is the burning torture that these beings must undergo.
又復更受餘諸苦惱：閻魔羅人劈其眼眶，佉陀羅炭置眼令滿，劈其眼骨猶如劈竹。
Furthermore, charcoal of acacia wood will be stuffed into their eyes and the Lord of Death’s henchmen will split their bones and make sounds with them like with bamboo flutes.
彼地獄處如是惡畏。復以鐵鉤、鐵杵、鐵枷鉤割打築，令身分散；以熱鐵鉗劈其糞門，洋熱白鑞內之令滿，如是內燒。
In this hell, terrifying with the howling of jackals, their bodies will be cut, pierced, and crushed with iron nails, clubs, and spears. By means of a burning hot pair of tongs, [F.167.b] boiling lead will be poured into their anus.
復有大火外燒其身，內外二種如是極燒，受第一苦，急惡苦惱，受如是等無量種種眾苦具足。
Thus, burned by the boiling lead within and scorched by excruciating fires without, they will undergo unbearable torments as their bodies are consumed by this double fire. [B8]
閻魔羅人說偈責言：
內滿熱白鑞，外以大火燒，極燒受大苦，地獄惡業人。cf. Dhs.16.34
2. 419 “Here there are some verses: “When negative karmic actions lead one to hell, And lead is poured into one’s interior While fire blazes outside, The suffering is indeed extreme.
若業生苦果，受惡苦惱報，彼於三界中，不可得譬喻。
2. 420 “The arising of painful karmic effects And the experience of torment Cannot easily be compared to anything else Within the three realms of existence.
三種業三果，於三界中生，三過三心起，三處苦報熟。cf. Dhs.13.7
2. 421 “Three effects are produced by three factors. Birth in the three realms Is appropriated by three types of mind and the product of three flaws, That thus ripen in three places.
彼如是業報，於三界中生，因緣和合作，如是異法起。cf. Dhs.13.8
2. 422 “As causes and conditions come together, Distinct karmic formations appear. The ripening of karmic actions Appears as the three realms.
如心如是行，如是如是轉，善人行善行，惡人造惡業。
2. 423 “Transformations occur In accordance with the character of the mind. Thus, virtue engenders virtue And evil begets evil.
心自在作業，業自在復有，此心業所起，如是愛所誑。
惡心作業惡，彼人來至此，若在地獄煮，彼人愛所誑。
2. 424 “Karmic action is associated with the mind And the result with the karmic action. Thus instigated by the mind and karmic action, This is known as cyclic existence.
非異人作惡，異人受苦報，自業自得果，眾生皆如是。cf. Dhs.13.9
汝自心所作，一切如是誑，今為大火燒，何故爾呻喚？cf. Dhs.16.35
2. 425 “All living beings experience The effects of their own actions. Right now, they are all deceived By their own minds.
2. 426 “So why should one cry out in vain, When one is tormented by heat? [F.168.a]
閻魔羅人如是責疏地獄人言：『汝自作業，今者自受不可得脫，如是一切業果所縛，彼一切業此中受報。』閻魔羅人如是責之彼地獄人。
2. 427 “This goes to show that hell beings will not be free from the henchmen of the Lord of Death until they themselves have experienced their own karmic actions. The relationship between karmic actions and their effects can be observed all throughout the intermediate existence.”
閻魔羅人如是無量百千年中，如是燒煮地獄罪人，乃至作集惡不善業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 428 Hence, as explained previously, until hell beings have overcome, relinquished, and exhausted their completed and accumulated negative acts, they will continue to encounter burning and boiling at the hands of the Lord of Death’s henchmen for many hundreds of thousands of years.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，常有癖病在其腹中，若身焦枯，形貌醜陋，若守門戶，身體狀貌如燒樹林；作集業力餘殘果報。
When they finally escape this hell, they may, due to karma to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet by the force of effects that accord with their causal actions they will suffer from tumors, emaciation, deformity, and bloating, or their bodies may appear like scorched pine trees.
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處，彼處名為一切根滅，是合地獄第十一處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄一切根滅地獄處生。殺生、偷盜業及果報，如前所說。
2. 429 “The monk will continue to examine the regions that surround the great Crushing Hell and by means of knowledge derived from hearing he will then perceive another neighboring region, known as Cessation of All Faculties. Wondering what karmic action may cause beings to take birth there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and so come to understand that such a birth is due to resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct. Here, the aspects of killing and stealing are just as in the previous cases.
今說邪行，樂行多作。若人多欲，或於口中、若糞門中——非婦女根——婬彼婦女。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——合大地獄一切根滅別異處生。
What, then, are the specific ways of resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of sexual misconduct? Those prone to rampant and burning desire may engage in sexual misconduct with a woman by way of her mouth or anus instead of the birth channel. [F.168.b] When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Cessation of All Faculties.
受大苦惱，所謂：以火置口令滿，以熱鐵鉢盛赤銅汁。鐵叉擘口，打刺令寬置熱銅汁；彼處復有熱鐵黑虫，虫體炎燃，彼十一處皆悉火燃，以為炎鬘，在中燒之，雖燒猶活，如是常燒。
2. 430 “In that realm they will undergo tortures of the following kinds. While all the open spaces are filled with fire, the beings of this hell will be tossed into iron cauldrons brimming with molten copper. Within those cauldrons they will be eaten from below by the flaming mouths of biting insects. Surrounded by eleven garlands of flames, they will suffer and burn, yet when they die, they will be revived, and then burned alive once again.
熱炎鐵蟻唼食其眼，熱白鑞汁置耳令滿，炎熱利刀割截其鼻，復以利刀次割其舌，雨熱利刀燒割其身。一切諸根受大苦惱、受極苦惱，得不樂報，彼地獄人無異相似，不可譬類。
Burning ants will eat their eyes and molten lead will be poured into their ears. Knives will cut off their noses and razors sever their tongues. A rain of razorblades will fall, cleaving their bodies to pieces. Thus, as all their senses experience great pain, the beings of this hell are deprived of any pleasurable karmic ripening. Their suffering is unbearable and the heat incomparable.
今說少分，譬如以燈取況於日，如是地獄受苦亦爾，非有比類。天上樂勝亦無譬喻，彼地獄人受地獄苦亦復如是，無有譬喻。何以故？天上樂勝，地獄苦重，如是苦樂，今說少分。
To give an indication of this, consider how insignificant the light of a candle is compared to that of the sun. Similarly, the pains of the beings in the hells and the pleasures of the gods in the heavens also cannot be compared or illustrated. Why is that? Because the divine pleasures and the hellish torments are like no other. They can only be found in these places.
彼地獄處所受苦惱，堅[革*卬]尤重，乃至作集惡不善業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 431 “Until these beings have purified, pacified, overcome, and exhausted their relevant completed and accumulated karmic deeds, they will continue to experience excruciating heat and horror there.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道。若生人中同業之處，妻不貞良，他人共通，喚謀他人而共殺之。若告官人，誣枉令殺；若以惡毒和藥而殺；若待其睡以刀等殺。是彼作集惡業勢力餘殘果報，作集業力果報未盡，不可得脫，會必受之。
Once they escape this hell, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, [F.169.a] and instead take birth with the general lot in life of a human. However, as an effect that accords with its causal completed and accumulated actions, their spouses will be immoral and plot their death in collusion with bandits, or by means of treachery at the royal court. Alternatively, they may murder them directly using poison, or a weapon while they are asleep. Thus, there is no way to escape until one has fully experienced the ripening of completed and accumulated acts.
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名無彼岸受苦惱處，是合地獄第十二處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄生無彼岸受苦惱處。殺生、偷盜業及果報，如前所說。何者邪行？所謂：有人起婬欲心，憶念自妻，婬他婦女。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處合大地獄，生無彼岸受苦惱處。
2. 432 “The monk will continue to examine the regions that surround the great Crushing Hell, and by means of knowledge derived from hearing he will then perceive another neighboring region, known as Endless Agony. Wondering what karmic actions may cause beings to take birth there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing. He will then understand that the effects of killing and stealing are just as previously explained. Moreover, some people may imagine, with a lustful mind, an improper woman and use their hands to engage in sexual misconduct. When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell of Endless Agony.
受大苦惱，作集業力，受如是苦，所謂：彼處受火燒苦、受刀割苦、受熱灰苦、受諸病苦，如是彼岸則不可得、無安慰者。如是所說，受諸苦惱不可譬喻。
2. 433 “In that realm they will undergo torture, as their completed and accumulated acts will produce intense sufferings stemming from fire, weapons, caustic substances, and disease. Since their torments and anguish are profound and hard to fathom, it is not easy to provide an example for them.
如說受苦，彼地獄人自心所誑。如是受苦，如是無量百千年中常被燒炙、若煮若打，乃至集作惡不善業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
The beings in this hell are completely deceived by their own minds, and until their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted they will continue to burn and boil for many hundreds of thousands of years.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，則常貧窮，曠野惡處、山中嶮處為夷人奴，常有病苦。
Once they escape this hell they may, due to karma to be experienced in other lives, avoid life as a starving spirit [F.169.b] or an animal, and instead take birth with the general lot in life of a human. Yet in that case they will be poor and live in border regions and the jungle where, filled with fear, they will be enslaved by the people living there and suffer from constant disease.
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名鉢頭摩，是合地獄第十三處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺生、偷盜、邪行作集，墮合地獄鉢頭摩處。殺生、偷盜業及果報，如前所說。
2. 434 “The monk will continue to examine the regions that surround the great Crushing Hell, and by means of knowledge derived from hearing he will then perceive another neighboring region, known as Bursting Like Lotuses. Wondering what karmic actions may cause beings to take birth there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and so come to understand that such a birth is due to completed and accumulated acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct. Here, the aspects of killing and stealing are just as in the previous cases.
何者邪行？所謂：沙門自知，沙門本在俗時，先共婦女曾行欲來，得欲滋味，雖為比丘，心猶憶念，夜臥夢中見彼婦女，於婬欲味不善觀察，即共行欲。彼人覺已，心即味著非梵行事。
As for sexual misconduct, some people, who have made the commitment to live as mendicants, may continue to mentally entertain and relish their past desires. Relishing such incorrect mental activity, they may, while asleep during the night, dream of a woman they once knew and had sexual relations with. When they wake up, they will continue to relish and remember those very dreams of the non-celibate life.
思量憶念心生隨喜，向他讚說婬欲功德，喜笑心樂，樂行多作彼彼喜樂。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——合大地獄鉢頭摩處。
Cherishing such dreams, they may also recount them to others, and consider them valuable. In this way they will habituate themselves to such dreams, repeat them, and delight in them. When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Bursting Like Lotuses.
受大苦惱，所謂苦者：彼地獄處一切皆作鉢頭摩色，與鉢頭摩色相相似，彼處如是普皆赤色，有赤光明；閻魔羅人取地獄人鑊中煮之，若置鐵函鐵杵搗之。
2. 435 “In that realm they will experience the following torments. All appearances in this realm are red like red lotuses. Boiled in a container, the sentient beings there are placed in an iron vessel and crushed with an iron club.
若脫彼處，彼人遠見鉢頭摩花在清池中。彼地獄人若於函鑊二苦得脫，於彼清池鉢頭摩花，望救望歸，疾走往赴，生如是心：『我往彼處，應得安樂。』
Once they escape this torment, they will perceive in the distance a vast lake with a blue lotus flower. Yearning for help [F.170.a] and protection, and tormented by hunger and thirst, they will approach the lake, thinking that it can bring them release and happiness.
彼地獄人飢渴苦惱，望鉢頭摩，彼人如是若百過走、若千過走，所走之道多饒鐵鉤傷破其足；既破足已，敷心在地，彼地鐵鉤傷破其心，若背著地鐵鉤破背，若傍著地鐵鉤破脇，若其坐者鐵鉤上入，
In their hundreds or thousands, they will rush toward the lake. Yet as they approach, their feet will be pierced by spikes that have been placed in the ground. With their legs wounded, they will fall to the ground on their faces, and again be pierced by the spikes. If they fall on their backs, they will yet again be pierced and penetrated by the spikes. If they fall on their chest, their lungs will be pierced. And if they stay where they are, they will be cut from below.
彼人如是迭相唱喚，若燒若煮、飢渴身乾，迭相唱喚、號哭懊惱；一切罪人如是齊心看鉢頭摩，閻魔羅人在其背後，執大利刀，若斧若枷，割斫打之。
2. 436 “Burning and boiling, the beings of this hell will cry out to each other. Tormented by thirst and starvation they will scream to each other and cry. Moaning and wailing in agony, they will all gaze toward the lotus flower, while the Lord of Death’s henchmen chase them from behind with swords, axes, lances, and short spears.
彼地獄人種種方便求救求歸，到鉢頭摩；到已即上望涼冷故，彼鉢頭摩如佉陀羅，大火遍滿、金剛堅葉，罪人既上，樹葉鉤卷。
Yearning for help, protection, and relief, the beings of this hell will in the end somehow manage to reach the lotus. Yet as they begin to climb it, they will realize to their despair that the lotus is full of glowing embers —as if of acacia charcoal —and its petals are as hard as diamonds.
彼惡業人以惡業故，在合地獄鉢頭摩處，如是無量百千億歲，以惡業故，煮而不死，乃至作集惡不善業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 437 “Such beings of hell engaged previously in negative actions, and those very actions have led them to where they are now. Thus, until their completed and accumulated acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, they will be cooked and boiled in the hell of Bursting Like Lotuses for many hundreds, thousands, or millions of years.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，彼人則得雄雌等眼看視不正，無戒貧窮，壽命短促，作集業力之所致也。
When they finally escape this condition, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lifetimes, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, [F.170.b] and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet by the force of their completed and accumulated acts they will be born cross-eyed, their discipline will be corrupted, and they will live a short life in poverty.
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名為摩訶鉢頭摩處，是合地獄第十四處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄，生於摩訶鉢頭摩處。殺生、偷盜業及果報，如前所說。
2. 438 “As the monk continues to examine the regions that surround the great Crushing Hell, he will perceive another great neighboring hell, known as Bursting Like Great Lotuses. Wondering what karmic actions may cause beings to take birth there, he will understand that such a birth is due to resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct. Here, the aspects of killing and stealing are just as in the previous cases.
何者邪行？實非沙門，自謂沙門，而戒有缺。何以故？雖行梵行，不求涅槃。如貝聲行、笑涅槃行，如是念言：『我此梵行，願生天中，若生餘處，天相似處，令我生彼天世界中、天女眾中。』
As for sexual misconduct, certain people who have made the commitment to live as mendicants might deviate from their discipline and in their actions become like a heap of dung. Despising the path to the transcendence of suffering, they will think, ‘Through my celibacy I shall become some kind of god. Then, in heaven I shall have goddesses all around me.’
如是沙門如是梵行，非梵行願，乃是愛行、生死因行、愛因緣行、是垢染行。如是梵行，於病老死憂悲啼哭，椎胸拍頭憂苦懊惱，如是等惡，不得解脫。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——合大地獄大鉢頭摩地獄處生。
Thus, they will dedicate their pure conduct in a mistaken manner. As they practice with such craving, they are engaging the causes of cyclic existence and the causes of craving, the practice of negative actions. In this way they will not escape sickness, aging, death, suffering, lamentation, pain, unhappiness, disturbance, and so on. When they die and separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell known as Bursting Like Great Lotuses.
受大苦惱，所謂：有河名曰灰波，廣五由旬、長百由旬，常流不息，無針孔處灰不遍滿。彼地獄人在彼河中，受極堅[革*卬]第一苦惱，既墮彼河，身則分散。
2. 439 “In that realm they will experience tortures of the following kinds. Five leagues wide and one hundred leagues long, the so-called Caustic River with caustic waves is full to the brim with nothing but acid. The beings of this hell enter this river and experience scorching, fierce, [F.171.a] excruciating agonies.
骨則為石、髮為水衣、肉則為泥，河中水者熱白鑞汁，地獄罪人身散還合為河中魚，彼河所漂；漂已則熟，右廂左廂，有炎嘴烏而噉食之。
Thus, their bones turn into stone, their hair turns into fish feces, their flesh turns into mud, the boiling lead turns into water, and the hell beings turn into fish as they are swept away by the river, face down, and boiled alive within it. Along the banks of the river lurk ravens with flaming beaks, and these birds will prey on the hell beings.
若望歸救走離彼河。閻魔羅人以鐵炎[矛*(替-曰+貝)]，[矛*(替-曰+貝)]置河中。彼若欲出，足則爛熟，筋熟、髀熟、腨熟、髖熟，髖骨亦熟、髖皮亦熟、髖肉亦熟，背肉墮落背肉亦熟，頭肉墮落頭肉亦熟，頭骨墮落頭骨亦熟，髑髏墮落髑髏亦熟。彼地獄人如是河中，如是如是燒煮炙等，如是無量百千年歲，彼地獄人彼惡河中受極苦惱，爾乃得脫。
2. 440 “If, yearning for safety and protection, the hell beings escape the river, they will be driven back into it by the iron spears of the Lord of Death’s henchmen. As they surface in the river, their legs, hips, and backs will be eaten by acid. Even their necks will be consumed, and their bones will boil. The flesh on their heads will be devoured and their skulls will be split open. Thus, entering and remaining within this river, the beings of this hell will be burned and boiled alive in acid for many hundreds of thousands of years.
雖脫彼處而復更見有清陂池，池有開敷鉢頭摩花，彼地獄人望救望歸求安隱樂，走向彼處鉢頭摩林。彼鐵蓮花觸如利刀，彼地獄人身若觸之，彼鐵蓮花削割斬斫，身體碎壞，稍墮漸落。
2. 441 “When they finally escape this torturous river, they will perceive a lake with flowers and blue lotuses. Yearning for safety, protection, and relief, they will approach the lake. Yet the petals of the lotuses are made of razor-sharp iron, and when the hell beings touch them, their bodies are lacerated, chopped up, consumed, and broken.
閻魔羅人多與苦惱，逼令速上蓮花林上，彼蓮花林滿中熾火，其花鐵葉，罪人既上葉則卷合，彼地獄人在其葉內熾火燒然，如是無量百千年歲，以惡業故。彼中有烏而食其眼、拔其舌根、割截其耳、分散其身；如是烏者，自業果報。
Yet, forced by the Lord of Death’s henchmen, the beings of hell will climb the lotuses. The centers of the flowers are filled with burning flames and the iron petals below bend toward these centers. Forced by their karmic actions, the beings of this hell take birth again and again within such flowers, [F.171.b] burning many hundreds of thousands of times in blazing embers. Moreover, ravens will pluck out their eyes, rip out their tongues, pierce their ears, and pare away their bodies.
彼地獄人於彼摩訶鉢頭摩處地獄之中，常被燒煮，乃至作集惡不善業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 442 “Thus, the beings of this hell will encounter the effects of their own karmic actions, and until those acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, they will continue to boil within the great hell of Bursting Like Great Lotuses.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，則患疾病、常飢常渴，復多瞋恚，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
Once they are free from that hell they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead take birth with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with their causal actions, they will suffer from dropsy, be constantly tormented by hunger and thirst, and have an aggressive character.
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名火盆處，是合地獄第十五處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄生火盆處。殺生、偷盜業及果報，如前所說。
2. 443 “As the monk continues to examine the regions that surround the great Crushing Hell, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a hell realm known as Furnace. Wondering what karmic actions may cause beings to take birth there, he will understand that the aspects of killing and stealing are just as in the previous cases.
何者邪行？實非沙門，自謂沙門。作沙門已，憶念在家白衣身時，習近婦女喜笑舞戲。彼人如是不善觀察，憶念喜樂，心生分別，數數如是思惟分別。非善思惟，非是正念證法思惟。
As for sexual misconduct, people who have committed themselves to the training of a mendicant might engage in incorrect mental activity and thus repeatedly and desirously reminisce about the women that they used to cohabit and fool around with. Thus, their lustful thoughts will distract them from virtuous qualities, and they will therefore fail to cultivate qualities that accord with the Dharma.
非滅苦集正法思惟，非學思惟——於學思惟不作不行，非正憶念調心思惟，非念佛、法、眾僧思惟，非念死相。
They will fail to be attentive to the qualities of suffering, the origin of suffering, and the cessation of suffering, and they will neither train in, nor accomplish these teachings. They will not achieve flexibility and will fail to recollect the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Saṅgha. They will not recall death.
非於生死離欲思惟，非見少罪如微塵許怖畏思惟；不應多取敷具醫藥、看病飲食、資具因緣，彼如是人而便多取敷具醫藥、隨病飲食、資具因緣。
Without any sense of renouncing cyclic existence, they will not be frightened by negativity, including minor cases. [F.172.a] Instead they will hoard and misuse many implements that are otherwise to be used for one’s dwelling and for the sake of one’s health, and so they will maintain a ruinous lifestyle.
彼人如是多取臥具病藥飲食資具因緣，彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，合大地獄生火盆處。
When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Furnace.
受大苦惱，所謂苦者：彼火盆處熱炎遍滿，無毛頭處無炎無熱而不遍者，彼地獄處地獄人身狀如燈樹，彼燈熱炎合為一炎。彼地獄人呻號吼喚，吼喚口開，滿口熱炎。彼地獄人極受大苦，轉復唱喚、呻號啼哭，火炎入耳；既入耳故，轉復呻號、唱聲吼喚。炎復入眼；既入眼故，轉復呻號、唱聲吼喚。彼人如是普身炎燃，熱炎鐵衣復燒其舌。
2. 444 “In that realm sentient beings are alight, ablaze, and consumed by fire, turning into nothing but flames —there is not a place there, even the size of a hair’s tip, that is not alight, ablaze, consumed by fire, and turned into nothing but flames. Resembling trees that are alight, ablaze, consumed by fire, and turned into nothing but flames, the beings there may scream, but as they open their mouths, their mouths are filled with flames. At this excruciating torture, they may try to scream a second time, thereby causing the flames to enter their ears. Once more, this will make them scream, cry, and moan.
既破戒已，食他飲食，故燒其舌；以犯禁戒不善觀察，看他婦女，故燒其眼；以不護戒，共他婦女歌笑相喚，以愛染心聽其聲故，熱白鑞汁滿其耳中；以犯禁戒取僧香熏，故割其鼻，以火燒之。
2. 445 “Those who previously partook of alms while lacking discipline will now have their tongues scorched by red-hot metal. Those who adhered to the discipline but still entertained incorrect thoughts at the sight of women will now have their eyes burned out. Those who with intense desire listened to the laughter and songs of the wives of others will now have their ears filled with boiling lead. Those who, although their discipline was corrupt, still held on to the incense of the saṅgha will now have their noses cut off and burned.
彼人如是五根犯戒墮地獄中，本業相似，受苦果報，惡業行故。彼地獄中如是無量百千年歲，常被燒煮，多有炎鬘，處處普遍，滿合地獄，名火盆處。乃至集作惡不善業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
Thus, those with corrupted discipline with regard to their five faculties will in hell receive severe punishments in accordance with their actions. [F.172.b] Until their relevant negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, those who pursue illicit livelihood will thus continue to burn and boil in the hell known as Furnace, engulfed by raging tongues of fire.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，得侏儒身，目盲耳聾，貧窮少死，常患飢渴，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
Once they escape, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet in terms of effects that accord with the unwholesome causal actions, their faces and hands will thereafter be unsightly; they will be blind, crippled, or impoverished; and they will die while in the prime of life.
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察合大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處，彼處名為鐵末火處，是合地獄第十六處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若人殺生、偷盜、邪行，樂行多作，墮合地獄鐵末火處。殺生、偷盜業及果報，如前所說。
2. 446 “The monk will continue to examine the regions that surround the great Crushing Hell, and by means of knowledge derived from hearing he will then perceive another neighboring region, known as Heap of Live Coals of Iron-dust. Wondering what karmic actions may cause beings to take birth there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and so come to understand that the aspects of killing and stealing are here just as in the previous cases.
何者邪行？所謂：有人實非沙門，自謂沙門，若聞婦女歌舞、戲笑、莊嚴具聲，既聞聲已，不善觀察，心生愛染，聞彼歌笑、舞戲等聲，漏失不淨，心適味著。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，合大地獄鐵末火處。
Moreover, someone who has committed himself to the training of a mendicant might engage in incorrect mental activity upon hearing the sounds of female dancing, singing, and jewelry. Thus distracted, the sounds of laughter, amusement, and frolicking might cause him to ejaculate, and he might relish that experience. When later such a person separates from his body he will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell Heap of Live Coals of Iron-dust, where he will experience tortures of the following kinds.
受大苦惱，所謂：熱鐵四角地獄，周圍鐵壁五百由旬，常有鐵火熾燃不息燒地獄人，自業所作，從上雨火不曾暫停，如是雨鐵、如是雨火。以雨鐵故，彼地獄人一切身分分散為末；以雨火故，常煮常燒；常受如是二種雨苦。
That quadrangular hell is surrounded by iron walls of fire, each measuring five hundred leagues. Within those walls the beings of that hell are burned by their own karmic actions, as incessant rains of fire and iron pour down. While the rain of iron cuts all their major and minor body parts to tiny pieces, the rain of embers will give them torturous burns. Thus, they must endure the destructive torments of these two rains. [F.173.a]
彼地獄人如是受苦，唯地獄人受如是苦，除是以外無可譬喻。彼人如是所受苦惱，堅[革*卬]急惡，如是惡苦一切皆畏，不愛不樂，自業所作。如是受苦乃至作集惡不善業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 447 “It is not easy provide an example to convey the character of the tortures that the beings of this hell experience, yet until the relevant karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, there will be no end to this fierce and unbearable scorching that terrifies the entire world. Such are the tortures that ensue from those undesirable, unpleasant, and unbecoming karmic actions.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，常在大河渡人之處，常生怖畏，若身常病，若當象等，雖有惡命而常畏死，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 448 “When one finally escapes this hell, one may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with their causal actions, one will then become a boatman on a large river, live in fear, suffer from parasites, live by trading in elephant tusks, and be in constant mortal danger.
又彼比丘觀察如是合大地獄一一別處，唯十六處，更不見有第十七處。合大地獄十六別處，多眾常滿，如是觀察實業法報。彼比丘如是觀察彼諸眾生種種惡業自在果報，厭離生死。
2. 449 “As the monk continues to examine the regions that surround the great Crushing Hell, he will fail to perceive any seventeenth neighboring hell, and he will thus see that in terms of realms that neighbor the great Crushing Hell, the ripening of karmic action manifests as these sixteen only. When the monk in this way sees how the actions of sentient beings come to ripen as numerous different effects, he will become disenchanted by cyclic existence.
又修行者內心思惟——隨順正法觀察法行，如此比丘諦觀察已，通達業果，如是諦知三大地獄并別處所及業果報。觀察知已，攀緣通達，不樂有中住魔境界。
2. 450 “The monk has now become aware of the nature of the karmic effects that manifest as the neighboring regions of three great hells. As he apprehends, views, and observes such ripening of karmic effects, he develops renunciation with respect to existence, and without wishing for any of the objects of the māras, he will engage in spiritual practice and observe inner phenomena.
彼地夜叉見彼比丘如是精進，即復上聞虛空夜叉，虛空夜叉聞四大王，如前所說，次第乃至無量光天，乃至說言：『閻浮提中某國某村，如是次第剃除鬚髮被服法衣，正信出家，彼比丘如是乃至得第九地。』
When the terrestrial yakṣas notice the monk’s endeavors, they will inform the celestial yakṣas, who will in turn pass the news on to the Four Great Kings. Thus, in the same way as before, the news will finally reach the Heaven of Limitless Light and the gods there will learn that, [F.173.b] ‘In Jambudvīpa the noble son known as so-and-so, who is of such and such a town, has shaved off his hair and beard, donned the saffron-colored robes, and with faith gone forth from the household to become a homeless mendicant. Now he has entered the ninth 66 ground.’
無量光天聞已歡喜，迭相告言：『天等當知！魔分損減，正法朋長。』
2. 451 As they receive this news the gods will exclaim in delight, ‘Amazing, the forces of the māras are waning; the forces of the sacred Dharma are on the rise! How happy we are!’
又彼比丘如是觀察三地獄已，次復觀察第四叫喚之大地獄。眾生何業生於彼中？彼見聞知：所謂有人殺生、偷盜、邪行、飲酒，樂行多作，如是四業普遍究竟，作而復集，身壞命終則生如是叫喚大地獄。殺、盜、邪行業及果報如前所說。
· · The Howling Hell · ·
2. 452 “Having witnessed these three hells, the monk will begin to examine the fourth hell, known as Howling. Wondering what karmic actions may cause sentient beings to take birth in the Howling Hell, he will examine this with knowledge derived from hearing and so come to understand that such a birth is due to resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing completed and accumulated acts of killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, and consumption of alcohol, along with the preparations for and conclusions of such acts. When they later separate from their bodies, they will take birth in the Great Howling Hell. In this regard, the ripening of the effects of the acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct are as already explained.
今說飲酒樂行多作，則生叫喚大地獄中。
As for alcohol, resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of alcohol consumption will cause rebirth in the Howling Hell.
若人以酒與會僧眾，若與戒人——出家比丘、若寂靜人、寂滅心人、禪定樂者，與其酒故，心則濁亂。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，叫喚大地獄，彼中惡熱，受大苦惱。
2. 453 “Someone who has gone forth from the household and taken vows might distribute alcohol to, and intoxicate, members of the saṅgha of monks who have otherwise trained their minds in the pleasures of concentration and attained serenity. When such people later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms and experience the terribly torturous agonies of hell.
受何等苦？謂：以鐵鉗強擘其口，洋赤銅汁灌口令飲，初燒其脣；既燒脣已，次燒其齒；既燒齒已，次燒其舌；既燒舌已，次燒其咽；如是燒咽，次燒其肚，如是次第燒其小腸；燒小腸已，復燒大腸，如是生藏，次燒熟藏；燒熟藏已，從下而出。如是彼人酒不善業，得如是報，號啼吼喚，呼嗟大哭。
2. 454 “Their torments will be as follows. Their mouths will be opened with iron tongs and boiling copper will be poured in. As they swallow it, first their lips will burn, and then their palates, noses, [F.174.a] tongues, throats, necks, colons, small intestines, stomachs, and guts, until the molten copper emerges from the lower part of their bodies. Such is the experience of unvirtuous actions that are associated with the consumption of alcohol.
彼人如是唱喚吼已，閻魔羅人為責疏之，而說偈言：
As the beings of this hell cry, scream, and moan in excruciating pain, the henchmen of the Lord of Death will instruct them in the following way:
已作不善業，今受苦惱果，自癡心所作，後則被燒煮；cf. Dhs.15.1
2. 455 “ ‘While engaging in negativity, You should know that the results are severe. The foolish and ignorant Will later suffer deeply.
如是不善業，已惡心所作，今受莫呻喚，何用呼嗟為？cf. Dhs.16.36
2. 456 “ ‘The consequences of the negative acts that were done By those whose minds are unwholesome Are nothing to cry about because they pass quickly. Why do you lament for no reason?
若人作惡業，皆得惡果報，若欲自樂者，如是莫近惡。
2. 457 “ ‘The effects of their negative actions Will be experienced by all humans, So if you want your own happiness, You should not practice evil.
若作少惡業，地獄多受苦，癡心自在故，得脫猶作惡。
2. 458 “ ‘Because of their unwholesome minds, The beings of the great and fearsome hells may escape, And yet in their ignorance persist, Engaging in evil again and again.
惡業不可信，令人到地獄，少火能燒山，及一切林樹。
2. 459 “ ‘You may think, “Such a thing could not take me to hell,” Yet you should not perform such negative deeds. By the same token, a small spark can Consume hills, jungles, and forest groves.
癡人念作惡，不喜樂善法，見惡行果報，皆從因緣生。cf. Dhs.16.37-42
2. 460 “ ‘Fools who wish to engage in negative deeds Do not wish to experience any harm, Yet the effects of negative actions will follow them, And they will witness them arising from causes and conditions.
云何不樂法？何故不捨惡？若人離惡業，則不見地獄；
2. 461 “ ‘Why would you not practice Dharma? Why would you not give up evil? People who give up evil will not Come to behold the realms of hell.
若人自心癡，不知惡業果，彼人受此惡，汝今如是受。
2. 462 “ ‘Fools who are unaware Of the effects of their own negative actions Will gain problems of this kind. Thus, you weak-minded people experience this.
惡業生地獄，為惡業所燒，惡不到涅槃，怨不過惡業。
2. 463 “ ‘Negative actions take beings to hell; Negative actions will make you burn. Negative actions prohibit your transcendence of suffering. There is no enemy like negative action.
本惡業所誑，今為惡業燒，若不作惡業，終不受苦惱。
2. 464 “ ‘Those who were deceived by negative acts Are now burned by negative acts. [F.174.b] Those who do not engage in evil Will not meet this fate.
若人能制愛，此道寂靜勝，如是捨愛人，則近涅槃住。
2. 465 “ ‘The path is the foremost peace, And those ruled by craving will not dwell in it. Those who give up craving Are close to the transcendence of suffering.
已造惡業竟，不曾修行善，如是惡業燒，心勿行惡業。
2. 466 “ ‘People who engage in evil And refrain from doing what is virtuous Will be burned by their negative acts. Therefore, do not form evil thoughts.
行惡業之人，無處得安樂，若欲自樂者，應當喜樂法。
2. 467 “ ‘People who engage in negative acts Will never gain happiness. Therefore, if you wish to be happy, Always practice the Dharma.
若人喜樂惡，受苦中之苦，若不能忍苦，不應作惡業。
2. 468 “ ‘Nobody suffers more Than the person who engages in negative acts, Therefore, do not engage in negative acts If you are weary of suffering.
善人行善易，惡人行善難；惡人造惡易，善人作惡難。
2. 469 “ ‘Goodness accomplishes goodness. With goodness, evil becomes difficult to engage in; With evil, evil becomes easy to engage in. Thus, evil deeds are difficult to commit for a noble being.’
彼地獄中閻魔羅人，如是責疏地獄人已，設種種苦。
2. 470 “Thus the henchmen of the Lord of Death will again and again instruct the beings of hell as they continue to inflict various harms upon them, such as the following.
所謂二山：山甚堅[革*卬]，鐵炎火燃，兩相作勢，一時俱來，拶(嗟末反)地獄人，拶已磨之，其身散盡，無物可見；如是磨已，而復還生，復以二山如前拶磨，如是如是，生已復拶、生已復磨。如是無量百千年歲惡業未盡。
2. 471 “As two flaming mountains relentlessly move toward and smash into each other with great force, the beings of this hell will be caught in between them, and so end up being crushed by the mountains until their bodies have been destroyed so that not even a trace remains. At that point, however, they will revive, only to be caught and pulverized between the mountains once more. This process of grinding will go on for many hundreds of thousands of years until finally their negative acts have been exhausted.
彼地獄處若得脫已，走向餘處望救望歸，思得解脫。閻魔羅人即復執之，令頭在下，置鐵鑊中，彼人如是在鐵鑊中頭面在下，經百千年湯火煮之，如是惡業猶故不盡。
2. 472 “At some point the beings of this hell may escape this region and run somewhere else, yearning for refuge, safety, and protection. Yet in that case they will encounter henchmen of the Lord of Death who will toss them headfirst into iron pots. Standing on their heads, they will thus be cooked alive for hundreds of thousands of years until their karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
彼鑊湯處若得脫已，走向餘處望救望歸，欲求安樂。彼人面前有大鐵烏，其身炎燃，即執其身，攫斲分散，脈脈節節為百千分，分散食之，分分分散，如是無量百千年歲，而彼惡業猶故不盡。
2. 473 “Yearning for refuge, protection, and relief, [F.175.a] they may at some point escape the cooking pots, and so take off in all directions. Yet they will then be caught by flaming iron ravens that will split their limbs, organs, and joints into hundreds or thousands of pieces before devouring them. This will go on for many hundreds of thousands of years, until finally their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
彼鐵烏處若得脫已，望救望歸，走向餘處，飢渴苦惱，遠見清水若陂池等，疾走往赴。彼處唯有熱白鑞汁滿彼池等，彼欲澡洗，即便入中；既入彼處，以惡業故，即有大黿取而沈之，熱白鑞汁煮令極熟，如是無量百千年歲，乃至不善惡業破壞無氣盡已，如是大黿爾乃放之。
2. 474 “Yearning for refuge, safety, and protection, they may then at some point escape the ravens, and run off as best they can. Tormented by hunger and thirst, they will perceive a bright lake in the distance and rush toward it. Although the lake is in fact full of boiling lead, the beings of this hell will nevertheless plunge into it, seeking to bathe there. And even as they do so, aquatic monsters, created by their own karmic actions, will appear and pull them under. Thus, until their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted they will continue to boil in lead for many hundreds of thousands of years.
既得脫已，彼人苦惱，望救望歸，走向餘處，面前現見閻魔羅人手執鐵[矛*(替-曰+貝)]，其[矛*(替-曰+貝)]炎燃，以如是[矛*(替-曰+貝)]而[矛*(替-曰+貝)]其頭，即便穿徹，或有被刺破背出者，或有被刺破脇出者，或有被刺破頭出者。
2. 475 “When they finally escape the monsters produced by their karmic actions, they will run —tortured and yearning for refuge, safety, and protection —in whichever direction they can. Yet henchmen of the Lord of Death will be guarding the exit routes and when they see the escaping hell beings, they will seize them. The henchmen will then pierce them with sharp, flaming spears. At times the spears will emerge through the backs of the hell beings, in other cases through their chests, and in still other cases through their throats.
彼地獄人受大苦惱，唱聲吼喚，餘地獄人罪業力故，聞其吼喚謂是歌聲，皆共走趣望救望歸。閻魔羅人即復執之，鐵[矛*(替-曰+貝)]刀斧皆悉炎燃穿刺割斫。如是無量百千年歲，乃至作集惡業破壞無氣爛盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
When they scream in agony, their cries will be heard by other hell beings, but due to the force of karmic action, those beings will hear the sounds as beautiful songs. Hence, themselves yearning for refuge, safety, and protection, they will draw near. But when they arrive there, they will also be seized by the henchmen and so, until their karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, [F.175.b] they will continue to be pierced by flaming lances and spears for many hundreds of thousands of years.
望救望歸，走向餘處，遠見有村，屋舍具足，多有河池，專心直進疾走往赴，欲入彼村；彼村一切皆悉炎燃，有金剛口利牙黑虫，身皆炎燃處處遍滿。
2. 476 “At some point, however, they will escape and, yearning for refuge and protection, will run as best they can. In the not-so-far distance, they will then perceive a town that has exquisite houses, a beautiful river, and delightful ponds. Upon seeing it, they will rush toward the town and enter it, only to find that the whole town is in fact burning and boiling, and completely filled with biting insects, whose diamond-hard mouths have sharp fangs.
既入村已，門即密閉，彼地獄人為金剛口利牙黑虫之所噉食。如是無量百千年歲，乃至作集惡業破壞、無氣爛盡，得出如是苦惱大海。
Thus, as the hell beings enter the city, these creatures will break down the doors of the houses and consume them with their sharp and burning fangs. This will persist for many hundreds of thousands of years, until finally the relevant negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，心則忽忘，貧窮無物，常在道巷、四出巷中賣鄙惡物，治生求利。為諸小兒佯笑戲弄。
2. 477 “When the beings of this hell finally escape this ocean of tortures, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid being born as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead take birth with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of the karmic effects that accord with the negative acts of drinking and distributing alcohol, their minds will suffer from delusions, they will be poor, they may become vendors at highways or crossroads, and they will be the laughingstock of children.
口齒色惡，脚足劈裂，常患飢渴之所逼切，無有妻子，無父無母兄弟姊妹，此是飲酒與酒惡業，餘殘果報。如是戒人與酒罪業則墮如是叫喚大地獄，受苦果報，應如是知。
They will have an unpleasant complexion, protruding teeth, and clubfeet. They will constantly suffer from hunger and thirst and be rejected by their children, spouses, parents, and relatives. Thus, understand that if those who have taken vows partake of alcohol, the ripening is such that they will take birth in the Great Howling Hell.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，有何別處？彼見聞知：叫喚地獄有別異處，名大吼處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺生、偷盜、邪行、飲酒樂行多作，墮彼地獄生大吼處。殺、盜、邪行業及果報，如前所說。
2. 478 “As the monk who has knowledge of the ripening of karmic effects examines the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell, he will notice a neighboring realm, [F.176.a] known as Scream. Examining what karmic actions may cause beings to take birth there, he will understand that such a birth is due to resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, and alcohol consumption. Here, the aspects of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct are just as in the previous cases.
何者飲酒？所謂：以酒與齋戒人、清淨之人。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——叫喚地獄大吼處生。
As for alcohol consumption, those who offer alcohol to individuals participating in the mending ritual will, when they separate from their bodies, fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Scream.
受大苦惱，所謂苦者：熱白鑞汁先置口中，以本持酒與齋戒人、與清淨人惡業所致故，以炎燃鐵鉢盛之置其口中，大苦逼惱，發聲大吼。如是吼聲，餘地獄中則不如是。彼諸罪人生大悲苦，唱聲吼喚，大吼之聲遍滿虛空。閻魔羅人本性自瞋，彼地獄人罪業力故，閻魔羅人聞其吼聲，倍更瞋怒。
2. 479 “In that realm they will undergo torture of the following kind. To begin with, molten lead will be poured into their mouths. Just as they previously offered alcohol to those participating in the mending ritual, they will now themselves be proffered a mug of red-hot iron. As this happens, they will make a pitiful sound that is unlike that of other hell beings. This sound will fill the entire space, and, by the force of karmic action, the fury of the Lord of Death’s henchmen will double in strength when they hear it.
諸飲酒人不護諸惡，一切不善不生慚愧。若與酒者，是則與人一切不善，以飲酒故，心不專正、不護善法，心則錯亂；彼亂心人不識好惡，一切不善不生慚愧。
2. 480 “Thus, offering alcoholic drinks is in all regards unvirtuous. Alcohol may disturb a mind that is otherwise in equipoise and that adheres to the accumulation of virtue. A mind thus disturbed may no longer be able to distinguish between what should and should not be done. Such a mind may therefore give rise to and accumulate all sorts of unvirtuous qualities.
若人與酒則與其因，以有因故，能為不善。如相似因，相似得果。以此因緣，久受大苦，種種苦惱、無量苦惱。何故名曰大吼地獄？以受無量種種苦惱，發聲大吼，是故名曰大吼地獄。如是眾生在如是處，乃至不善惡業破壞、無氣爛盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 481 “Offering alcohol is an unvirtuous cause and, as such, is a cause that will produce ruinous and damaging effects. Hence, those who perpetrate this will for a long time have to undergo numerous painful tortures. Until they have overcome, relinquished, and exhausted their karmic actions, they will [F.176.b] continue to scream in terror within the hell realm that is known as Scream, for just this reason.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，生則愚鈍，心不黠慧，則多忘失，少時不憶。如是闇鈍愚癡之人，無有資財，人不敬愛，貧窮無物，雖復求財而不可得，若得微病即便命終，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
When they finally escape from there, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with their causal actions, their mental powers will be feeble, and they will forget even recent events. Due to their poor intellectual capacity, they will have few enjoyments and they will generally be disliked. They will lack wealth and meet an early death.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見：如是叫喚地獄有十六處，何等十六？一名大吼；二名普聲；三名髮火流；四名火末虫；五名熱鐵火杵；六名雨炎火石；七名殺殺；八名鐵林曠野；九名普闇；十名閻魔羅遮約曠野；十一名劍林；十二名大劍林；十三名芭蕉烟林；十四名有煙火林；十五名火雲霧；十六名分別苦。
2. 482 “As the monk who has knowledge of the ripening of karmic effects examines the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell he will notice sixteen realms that neighbor it: 67 Scream, Screams Everywhere, Burning Hair, Sparks and Parasites, Flaming Iron Club, Rain of Burning Stones, Impossible to Die, 68 Iron Wilderness, Veil of Complete Darkness, Borderlands of the Lord of Death, Śālmali Forest, 69 Great Śālmali Forest, Smoky Forest of Burning Plantains, Smoky Forest of Burning Embers, Forest of Fiery Mist, and Worrisome. These are the sixteen neighboring realms of the Great Howling Hell.
此十六處叫喚地獄所有別處。眾生何業報生彼處？彼比丘如是已觀叫喚地獄大吼處已，次觀第二，名普聲處。彼見：有人殺生、偷盜、邪行、飲酒樂行多作，彼人則墮叫喚地獄，生普聲處。殺、盜、邪行業及果報，如前所說。
2. 483 “As the monk wonders what karmic actions may cause beings to take birth in these regions, he will expand his inquiry from the first neighboring realm of Scream to the second, known as Screams Everywhere. He will then see that the aspects of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct are just as in the previous cases.
何者飲酒？若人飲酒樂行多作，若於他人初受戒者與酒令飲。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——叫喚地獄普聲處生。
As for resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of alcohol consumption, some people may give alcohol to those who have just received vows. [F.177.a] Later, when such people separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Screams Everywhere.
受大苦惱，所謂杵築：彼地獄人發聲吼喚，其聲遍滿彼地獄處、若鐵圍山、一切諸河、四天下處、閻浮提等，在彼處者彼吼聲出，一切消盡，彼人啼哭悲號吼聲自業相似。彼地獄人如是吼喚，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 484 “In that realm they will experience torture as they are struck by iron clubs, causing them to scream. The screams of these hell beings fill their entire realm, and were it not for the surrounding hills, mountains, and rivers, they would also be heard by the humans in Jambudvīpa and the rest of the four human abodes. The wailing cries of these hell beings will persist until their karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted. All the while, their miserable existence will continue and they will not die. Thus, in accordance with their own acts, these hell beings will continue to scream.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，則生曠野少水國土。
2. 485 “When they finally escape that realm, they may, due to karmic actions that are to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. At that time, they will be born in desert lands and areas where water is hard to come by. Moreover, the effects of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct will be just as in the previous cases.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：喚大地獄復有異處，名髮火流，是彼地獄第三別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺生、偷盜、邪行、飲酒樂行多作，彼人則墮叫喚地獄髮火流處。殺、盜、邪行業及果報，如前所說。
2. 486 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the Howling Hell, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Burning Hair. As he wonders what karmic actions may lead to birth as a hell being there, the monk will understand that the aspects of resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct are just as in the previous cases.
何者飲酒？於優婆塞五戒人邊說酒功德，作如是言：『酒亦是戒？』令其飲酒。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——叫喚地獄髮火流處。
Beyond that, some people may instruct lay practitioners who have taken up the five bases of training that partaking of alcohol is desirable and compatible with the bases of training. [F.177.b] When such persons separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Burning Hair.
受大苦惱，所謂雨火，彼地獄人常被燒煮，炎燃頭髮，乃至脚足有熱鐵狗噉食其足，炎嘴鐵鷲破其髑髏而飲其腦，熱鐵野干食其身中，如是常燒、如是常食。
In that realm a rain of fire falls, burning and boiling everything from the hair down to the feet of the hell beings there. Meanwhile, dogs will feast on their feet, vultures with flaming beaks will gorge on their brains, and foxes will devour their torsos. Thus, they will be burned and consumed by their own negative acts.
彼人自作不善惡業，悲苦號哭，說偈傷恨，向閻羅人而作是言：
To the henchmen of the Lord of Death these wretched and wailing beings will cry out:
汝何無悲心？復何不寂靜？我是悲心器，於我何無悲？cf. Dhs.16.43
2. 487 “ ‘See how pitiful we are! Have you no compassion? Do you not offer any peace? Do you not feel for us at all?’
閻魔羅人答罪人曰：
汝為癡所覆，自作多惡業，今受極重苦，非我造此因。cf. Dhs.16.44-48
2. 488 “In reply, the henchmen will say: “ ‘Obscured in your stupidity You engaged in numerous evil acts. When now you are haunted by terror The causes have nothing to do with us.
癡人不學戒，作集多惡業，既有多惡業，今得如是果。
2. 489 “ ‘In delusion, you did not guard your discipline, But accumulated much negativity. That heap of negative acts You are now seeing the results of.
是汝之所作，非是我因緣，若人作惡業，彼業則是因。
2. 490 “ ‘In this we play no causal role — The causes all belong to you. The perpetrator of the negative act Is the cause of that act.
已為愛羂誑，作惡不善業，今受惡業報，何故瞋恨我？
2. 491 “ ‘Deceived by the shackles of craving, You engaged in negative acts, And those acts now scorch you — Why are you talking to us?
不作不受殃，非謂惡無因，若人意作惡，彼人則自受。
2. 492 “ ‘Negative acts are not without a cause And they do not ripen unless committed. The doer of the negative action Is the one who reaps its ripening.
莫喜樂飲酒，酒為毒中毒；常喜樂飲酒，能殺害善法。cf. Dhs.10.1-6
2. 493 “ ‘Alcohol is the greatest of poisons; Hence, do not drink alcohol. Those who do so will experience The crumbling of virtuous qualities.
若常樂飲酒，彼人非正意，意動法叵得，故應常捨酒。
2. 494 “ ‘Those who constantly partake of alcohol Will be weak-minded And their thoughts will be unstable and meaningless. Hence, give up alcohol!
酒為失中失，是智者所說，如是莫樂酒，自失令他失。
2. 495 “ ‘The wise explain that among all downfalls, Alcohol is the greatest. As it causes you to lose your humanity, [F.178.a] Do not drink alcohol.
常喜樂飲酒，得不愛惡法，如是得言惡，故應捨飲酒。
2. 496 “ ‘Indulging in alcohol Is repulsive and unwholesome. Therefore, give up drinking Poison-like alcohol!
財盡人中鄙，第一懈怠本，飲酒則有過，如是應捨酒。
2. 497 “ ‘The faults of drinking alcohol Are that one’s wealth runs out, bad words proliferate, And laziness increases — Therefore, just give it up!
酒能熾燃欲，瞋心亦如是，癡亦因酒盛，是故應捨酒。
2. 498 “ ‘Alcohol induces desire, As well as anger and delusion,Bringing them forth again and again — Therefore, stop drinking alcohol!’
如是地獄髮火流處，是地獄人自業所得，乃至作集惡業破壞、無氣爛盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 499 “Thus, until their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, these hell beings will continue to experience the effects of their own actions, aflame in the hell called Burning Hair.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，彼人則生一種國土無酒之處，一切資具無色無味，不知色味，是本惡業餘殘果報。
When at some point they escape from there, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. However, in terms of effects that accord with their causes, they will be born in a location where there is never any alcohol, and they will lack the perception of its form and taste.
