1.No. 721正法念處經，元魏婆羅門瞿曇般若流支譯
2.藏譯英The Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma, Saddharma smṛtyupasthāna https://read.84000.co/translation/toh287.html.
正法念處經地獄品第三之一
又彼比丘隨順思惟業果報法，觀法、非法，云何惡業無量種種，皆因於心，相續流轉？如河浚流漂諸眾生，令墮惡業果報之地，在於地獄受極苦惱。
· The Hells ·
2. 294 “Next, the monk will contemplate further ripening of the qualities of karmic action. Thus, he will think, ‘A river-like continuum of ruinous mental causes produces flawed karmic actions that result in the experiences of a being in hell. What are the burning, fierce, and ceaseless sensations of such hell beings?’
彼比丘觀善不善，諦意思量：此諸眾生云何如是為心所誑、為愛所誑，墮活、黑繩、合喚、大喚、熱及大熱、阿鼻惡處地獄中生？彼諸地獄各有別處，皆有官人，如業相似，各各證知，彼地獄處名為何等？眾生何業到何地獄？墮在何處？
2. 295 “As he regards inner phenomena in this way, he will examine the reality of good and flawed actions, thinking, ‘Alas, these beings are fooled by their own minds and cravings, and so are stricken by the horrors of the hells of Reviving, Black Line, Crushing, Howling, Great Howling, Heat, IntenseHeat, and Ultimate Torment. What is it like to take birth there? What are the surrounding hells that are encountered by beings who experience such karma? What type of action may make a hell being move to the surrounding hells?’
彼比丘若見聞知或天眼見：有大地獄名活地獄，復有別處。別處有幾？名為何等？處有十六：一名屎泥；二名刀輪；三名瓮熟；四名多苦；五名闇冥；六名不喜；七名極苦；八名眾病；九名兩鐵；十名惡杖；十一名為黑色鼠狼；十二名為異異迴轉；十三名苦逼；十四名為鉢頭摩鬘；十五名陂池；十六名為空中受苦；此名十六活地獄處。
· · The Reviving Hell · ·
2. 296 “When the monk thus examines things by means of knowledge derived from hearing or through the divine eye, he will notice sixteen realms that surround the great Reviving Hell. They are known by the following names: Swamp of Filth, Mutilation by Iron, Boiling Cauldrons, Relentless Torments, Darkness, Utterly Dreadful, Excruciating Pain, Universal Disease, [F.147.b] Rain of Weapons, Intense Harm, Black Mongoose-Like, Mutation, Harmed by Pain, Garland of Lotuses, Pond, and Superior Harm.
何業生彼活地獄處？彼比丘若見聞知或天眼見：若有殺生，樂行多作此業普遍，殺業究竟，和合相應，墮活地獄根本之處。殺生之業有上中下，地獄受苦亦上中下。
2. 297 “What karmic actions will cause birth in the surroundings of the Reviving Hell? When the monk investigates things by means of knowledge derived from hearing or through the divine eye, he will understand that if one resorts to, becomes habituated to, and increases acts of killing, along with their preparations and conclusions, one will take birth in the Reviving Hell. That is to say, greater, intermediate, and minor killing will, respectively, result in greater, intermediate, or minor harm.
彼地獄業何者為上？彼殺生者，若殺善人、若受戒人、若善行人，有他眾生、有眾生想、有殺生心，斷其命根，此業究竟，心不生悔，向他讚說而復更作，復教他殺、勸殺隨喜、讚歎殺生，若使他殺；如是癡人，自作教他，罪業成就，命終生於活地獄中。
2. 298 “Life in a severe hell ensues from intentionally completing, without confession or regret, the killing of sentient beings who are practicing discipline, have received vows, or are engaged in the practice of aspects of discipline; from boasting about such acts and committing them again; from inducing others to kill, urging them, cheering them on, affirming them in these acts, and teaching them how to commit them; and from rejoicing in such acts when they are done by others. A deluded person is liable to commit such acts again and again, resulting in their fall into such a hell.
如此人中若五十年，彼四天王為一日夜，彼數亦爾，三十日夜以為一月，亦十二月以為一歲；彼四天王若五十年，活大地獄為一日夜。
2. 299 “As for the longevity of the beings in that hell realm, fifty human years make one day among the Four Great Kings. Thirty such days make a month, and twelve of those months make a year. The lifespan of the Four Great Kings is five hundred such years, which period makes one day in the life of a being in a great hell.
以惡業時有下中上，活地獄命亦下中上，有中間死，隨業種子多少輕重，活地獄中或一處受、或二處受、或三處受、或四處受、或五處受、或六處受，如是乃至十六處受，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，彼地獄中五百年命，依天年數，不依人中。
Corresponding with the degree of severity of their negative karmic actions, the lifespans of such beings may be either short, medium, or long, and they may also die prematurely. If the seeds of the accumulated negativity are severe, [F.148.a] one may be additionally cooked in one, two, three, four, five, six, and even up to all sixteen of the neighboring hells until the relevant bad karma has been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted. When it is said that a hell being lives for five hundred years, such a calculation relates to the divine scenario alluded to above, and not that of human beings.
又修行者內心思惟——隨順正法觀察法行——云何彼比丘觀活地獄知別處業？心業畫師，自業畫作業果地分，種種異心，別處受苦，有百千億那由他數怖畏惡事，無有相似不可譬類。
2. 300 “How may a monk additionally perceive the karmic actions that are associated with the neighboring hells? Spiritual practitioners who carefully observe inner phenomena will see that the mind is like an artist who creates paintings, which are the results of his own acts. Thus, the mind engenders the landscape of the millions and billions of incomparable terrors associated with the regions that surround the Reviving Hell.
分分觀察活地獄處，眾生何業生屎泥處？彼見聞知或天眼見：以何惡業不善種子，生屎泥處？所謂殺生。若欲心殺，謂令鳥殺：放鷹、放雕。復有異殺，若圍殺鹿、若獵殺鹿而不懺悔，業業普遍，殺業究竟和集相應，如前所說。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終生彼地獄。
2. 301 “Wondering what karmic actions lead to birth in the region known as the Swamp of Filth, the monk may investigate things by means of knowledge derived from hearing or through the divine eye. Thus he will see that similarly unconfessed, duly prepared, completed, and accumulated acts of killing that are driven by desire —as when one hunts birds using birds, lets bears kill bears, or eagles kill eagles, 41 traps deer in snares or hunts them — constitute the generative unvirtuous actions that lead to birth in the Swamp of Filth.
在一分處受種種苦，謂屎泥處，燒屎極熱，其味甚苦，赤銅和屎，屎中有虫，虫金剛嘴，遍覆屎上。彼諸罪人，食如是屎，虫入身內，先食其脣，次食其舌、次食其齗、次食其咽、次食其心、次食其肺、次食其肚、次食其脾、次食其胃、次食小腸、次食大腸、次食熟藏、次食筋脈一切脈分、次食肉血。彼人如是彼地獄中受極苦惱，如人中數，乃經無量百千年歲。
2. 302 “Some of the harms of that realm are as follows. The Swamp of Filth is filled with filth, putrid corpses, and worms with diamond-hard mouths. If one happens to swallow any of the filth there, the worms within the filth will enter one’s body and begin to consume it. They will begin by eating one’s lips, and continue with the tongue, palate, throat, heart, liver, spleen, [F.148.b] vital points, pakṣālikā, 42 entrails, colon, and stomach. From there the worms will spread throughout the impure body, consuming one’s teeth, flesh, and lungs. Thus, one will experience burning, fierce, and excruciating sensations for many hundreds of thousands of human years.
諸殺生人，造作惡業，若圍殺鹿、若獵殺鹿，養殺鳥雀若鷹雕等，令彼殺已，奪取自食。彼業果報，如是殺已，彼人取食。以是惡業之勢力故。彼糞屎中多有諸虫，虫金剛嘴，入其身內如是食之。
Corresponding with the evil that was done, one will be killed by birds if one took the lives of birds, by bears if in previous times one killed bears, and by other wild animals if one trapped, ensnared, hunted, or preyed on such animals before. 43 As the effects of one’s actions ripen, the worms will enter one’s body and consume it, just as before one would eat the animals.
善不善果，自業相似。若彼罪人惡業盡者，彼人於此屎泥之處地獄得脫，彼心業畫，畫文盡已。
2. 303 “As for the consequences of one’s virtuous and unvirtuous actions, once the relevant negative actions have been overcome and relinquished, one will escape the neighboring hell of the Swamp of Filth. Hence, that painting made by the painter, the mind, will vanish.
彼人如是得脫彼處，若其人業後報未熟，生畜生中，受飛鳥身，餘鳥所殺；若受鹿身，為圍所殺，如彼前世殺鳥、殺鹿。彼人果報地獄中受，餘殘之業，生畜生中。
When free from that hell, and if there is no interference based on karmic action to be experienced in future lives, one will at that point be born as an animal. If born as a bird, one will be killed in the same way as oneself before would kill birds, and if born as a wild animal, one’s birth will be in conformity with the karmic action of trapping and ensnaring that originally produced the experience of life in hell.
若後氣業，生於天中、若生人中，彼業因緣，生則短命。
If due to karmic action to be experienced in future lives one is instead born as a god or a human, one’s life will, in accordance with that residual karma, be short.
又彼比丘觀活地獄，第二別處名刀輪處。彼業果報，眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若心貪物，如是因緣而殺眾生，欲得命因，以刀殺生。彼人如是以此因緣而不懺悔，復教他殺，業業普遍，如前所說。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮彼地獄，生刀輪處。
2. 304 “Next the monk will examine Mutilation by Iron, the second realm among those that surround the Reviving Hell. Wondering what acts of killing lead to rebirth there, the monk will examine this with knowledge derived from hearing or through the divine eye. He will find that unrepentant, sadistic, and premeditated acts of killing sentient beings with weapons for the sake of wealth, business, and profit [F.149.a] will, just as described before, serve as the cause, condition, and basis for a downfall into the miserable realm of Mutilation by Iron once one separates from one’s body.
彼處火燃，周圍鐵壁高十由旬。彼地獄處，大火常燃。人間之火於彼處火如雲相似。彼地獄處常有鐵火速著其身，彼熱鐵火割彼人身，碎如芥子，散燒劈裂，一切雨鐵譬如此間閻浮提中夏月水雨。彼處十方遍雨熱鐵，多與苦惱。彼地獄人，雖被劈裂而常不死，以是惡業之果報故，如是割身，尋割尋生。
2. 305 “That realm is surrounded by a flaming iron wall that is ten leagues high. It blazes with hell fire, and within it a cloudlike throng of people is burned alive. The inhabitants of this realm are struck by flaming weapons, and their bodies are thereby chopped, burned, and split into pieces the size of a sesame seed. In this way a rain of weapons showers down upon everyone in the same way that rains fall in Jambudvīpa. The rain of weapons covers the ten directions and yet, although the people there are cut up by the falling weapons, they will not die. With the ripening effects of their negative actions, they cry out in agony while their body parts are cut and chopped.
彼刀輪處有刀葉林，其刃極利，復有兩刃，刃頭下向，遙望彼林，青而有汁，與水相似；彼諸罪人飢渴惱急，同業苦者唱喚走赴，既入彼林，以業因故，周遍雨刀，劈其身體。
2. 306 “The hell realm of Mutilation by Iron also features forests of trees with leaves that have razor-sharp edges, both above and below. Although the forests are bristling in this way, from a distance they appear dark and lush. People tormented by hunger and thirst therefore run wailing toward such forests, but upon reaching them they are cut up by the rain of weapons.
又復彼人貪自命故，食養眾生，則是誑他。彼業果報如是如是，心業畫師畫地獄衣，如是地獄不善業畫，如是如是地獄受苦，彼業所攝。彼於地獄，如是無量百千年歲常被劈裂，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，心業畫師畫文不滅，廣說如前。
2. 307 “As for the relevant karmic causes, fooling cattle by leading them on with food will make the painter of the mind draw the designs of this hell realm. Thus, the unvirtuous actions of the beings that inhabit that realm are responsible for their individual experiences. For as long as those unvirtuous karmic actions have not been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, the beings in that realm will continue to the be cut up throughout many hundreds of thousands of years. Such is, as already mentioned, the way that the painter of the mind [F.149.b] creates its paintings.
又彼比丘觀活地獄，第三別處名瓮熟處。彼業果報，眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：彼殺生人，若殺駱駝，若殺猪羊，若殺眾鳥、若馬若兔、若羆若熊有毛畜生，為食其肉，欲令毛脫，活燒活煮，若置湯中。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮活地獄，生瓮熟處。惡業種子，相似果報，置鐵瓮中煎煮極熱，猶如熟豆。如是無量百千年歲，在彼地獄大火煮之。
2. 308 “The monk will then consider the karmic ripening that produces Boiling Cauldrons, the third realm that neighbors the Reviving Hell. Wondering what types of actions may bring birth there, he will examine things with knowledge derived from hearing. He will then understand that by flaying, boiling, and cooking camels, pigs, rabbits, and other such animals, 44 one will upon separating from one’s body fall into a realm of misery where, in accordance with one’s karmic seeds, one will be boiled in a cauldron. Thus, thrown into an iron cauldron that is kept boiling by intense fire for many hundreds of thousands of years one will endure torture there.
心業畫師所畫之衣破壞爛盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。次受殘業，次受氣業，如前所說，乃至若生天、人之中，命則短促。
2. 309 “Freedom from this hell will only occur once its basis within the painter-like mind has been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted. As for the karmic ripening that may occur within that hell realm, in future lives, or in the life immediately thereafter, this is as explained earlier. If one subsequently is born as a god or a human, one’s life will be short.
彼修行者於內法中隨順正法觀察法行，作是思惟：『彼比丘如是觀察活大地獄瓮熟處已，當云何耶？』彼見聞知或天眼見：彼比丘第一勇猛，能破魔軍，度生死海，能以戒水滅欲心火，能以慈水滅瞋心火，能以甚深因緣燈明除癡心闇；如是比丘則能速渡生死大海。
2. 310 “As he sees people being boiled in cauldrons, how does the monk who correctly observes and abides by inner phenomena regard this neighboring hell? The monk who examines things by means of knowledge derived from hearing, or through the divine eye, will develop supreme courage when seeing this realm. He will crush the hordes of the māras, go beyond the ocean of cyclic existence, extinguish the fires of desire with the water of discipline, extinguish the fire of anger with the water that flows from the vase of loving kindness, and dispel the distortions of delusion with the lamp of dependent origination. Thus, the monk who comprehends the profound will go beyond the ocean of cyclic existence.
又彼比丘觀活地獄，第四別處名多苦處。眾生何業生於彼處？業因種子，相似果報。若人種種苦逼眾生，然彼眾生命猶不盡，所謂：木壓令其受苦，若以繩懸，若以火頭若燒，若柱若繫其髻而以懸之，若以煙熏令受苦惱；若於道上牽令疾走，若置地上棘刺之中令受苦惱；若撲著地，若高嶮處推之令墮，若以針刺，若以繩縛，若令象蹈；若擲在空，下未至地以刀承之，令受苦惱；若著沙上、若以石鎮，若以杖打，若挾其頭，若令小兒詳打戲弄，眾苦惱之；若置熱處，若置氷中，若以水漬，若以沈水，若以衣水掩面漫口，若繫著樹、若懸樹枝，令受苦惱；若在嶮岸臨峻怖魄；若送與怨，令其種種方便苦治；若拔其陰，若挾其指，若拔其毛，若轉鐵輪以劈其頭，令受苦惱；若洋白鑞鉛錫銅等灌其身體，若割其鼻，若以利鐵、若尖木等貫其糞門陰密之處，令受苦惱；若以水淋，若以繩繫塊上挽曳，若以燈鬚周匝遍炙，若拔其髮，若以惡虫令唼食之，若捩其皮，若牽若推、若急速疾抖擻其身，若置鑊中湯火煮之，令受苦惱；若以塼打，若以鹽等塗其身體；若以塵土、若以麨等掩其口面；若以[橐-石+非]筒置糞門中，鼓[橐-石+非]吹之；若以利刀劈其足指；若以氣吹，不使出聲；若以浮石急揩其身，若割手足，若驅長行，若遮所須；若繫其咽，黃藍花中來去曳之；若以種種雜雜脂膩而灌其口；若以金寶種種財物，若打若壓、若作樂具、若打射等，若打令腫，腫上復打；若以繩懸推令極高，然後墮地，令受苦惱。此如是等無量種種諸苦惱事，觸惱眾生。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮活地獄，名多苦處。惡業相似，得相似果。如是地獄，十千億種不可具說，此極苦惱，具說如上。彼一切苦，自業自受，地獄地處。
2. 311 “How does the monk concern himself with Relentless Torments, the fourth realm that neighbors the Reviving Hell? The karmic ripening of cause and effect [F.150.a] accords with the relationship between seeds and their fruits. Thus, those who have become humans may inflict numerous torments of the Reviving Hell, 45 such as the pains of being crushed between trees, 46 being torn to pieces, bending down, being a road, being taken on the path of a ruler, 47 the sensation of earth, 48 falling, being pierced by needles, being pulled by a rope, falling off an elephant, being in a sandstorm, being hit by clubs, flogging, headaches, being squeezed like an infant or child on the lap, feeling hot or cold, feeling wet, 49 having water poured on one’s body, being hung on a pole, being crushed in a ravine or an abyss, being seized by enemies, having one’s genitals cut off, having one’s fingers cut off, having one’s body hair plucked out, being fooled, being submerged in boiling lead and copper, having one’s nose pierced by sharp iron, snakes entering one’s private parts, being hit by boulders, developing craving, being swathed in garlands of fire, having one’s hair torn out, falling prey to biting insects, 50 having one’s skin cut, 51 confinement, having one’s body cut, being cooked in a jar or pot, being burned like bricks, having salt rubbed into open wounds, being swept with a broom, being burned, having one’s big toes amputated and burned, ingesting long chili peppers, ingesting the froth of thirty seas, 52 being struck by hands and feet, moving far away, [F.150.b] having one’s molar teeth extracted, being burned by oil, being beaten like gold, severe swelling, and rising and falling. All these many different kinds of painful tortures will, upon separating from one’s body, lead to a hideous fall into the lower realms, and so, in the hell of Relentless Torments one will experience effects concomitant with their causes. Yet for the beings in that realm of hell the ripening is incomparably more severe, as the harms that were mentioned earlier are here multiplied a hundred billion times. Such is the way that beings come to directly experience the effects of their own actions.
心業畫師愛筆所畫，不善分別，為種種彩所愛妻子，以為彩器執著因緣，以為堅牢，身自作業，自得苦報，非父母作，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時，常受不息。
2. 312 “The painter of the mind thus draws its designs with the brush of desire and the paint of unvirtuous thoughts upon the canvas 53 of the heart. Thus, the restrictive marks of having children and a wife will come to be experienced. One will not be defeated by one’s own positive karmic actions, 54 but for as long as one has not overcome, relinquished, and exhausted one’s negative actions, one will not die.
彼處退已，若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，則不墮於畜生、餓鬼；若生人中同業之處，受餘殘業，常為王罰，若打若縛，鬪諍怖畏，為一切人之所誣抂，常受重苦；善友知識、妻子眷屬、親舊主人之所憎惡。
2. 313 “Once one dies it may be that the relevant karmic actions are to be experienced in a different life, and that one will not therefore be born as a starving spirit or an animal. If in such a case one is born into a human existence, cause and effect will ensure that one will constantly be enslaved, hurt, injured, harmed by royal courts, and otherwise feel miserable. One will be harmed by everyone and experience intense suffering. Even one’s friends, dear ones, spouse, and children will harbor animosity against one.
又彼比丘觀活地獄，第五別處名闇暝處。彼業果報，眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：眾生邪見，顛倒業果，所謂方時外道齋中，掩羊口鼻如是屠殺；置龜塼上，上復與塼壓之令死。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮活地獄，生闇暝處。
2. 314 “The monk will then concern himself with Darkness, the fifth realm that neighbors the Reviving Hell. Wondering what karmic ripening causes beings to take birth there, he will examine things with knowledge derived from hearing. Certain beings suffering from wrong views that mix up cause and effect will slay cattle in sacrificial killings, [F.151.a] or they may imprison turtles with bricks and keep them in darkness. Thus, when they separate from their bodies, they will suffer a downfall into the lower realms and take birth in the hell of Darkness.
闇火所燒，以惡業故，有大力風吹金剛山，合磨令碎猶如散沙，間無暫樂；彼處罪人各不相見，熱風所吹，如利刀割，令身分散，餓渴身燃，努力唱喚而聲不出，如掩羊口、如塼壓龜，常被大火之所燒燃，常被鎮壓。如是無量百千年歲，常處闇暝，乃至無有微少光明如針頭處。然自身毛而自燒身，常一切時遍身火起，受如是苦乃至業盡，皆是心之猿猴所作。
In that hell flames burst forth from the darkness to scorch them. Driven by the wind of karma, they will be caught between two vajra-like mountains that collide into each other with great force. They are helplessly ground and pulverized by the mountains, without there being even a hair tip of a gap. Constantly tormented, their limbs and organs will be destroyed by razor sharp winds. With their bodies burning from thirst and starvation, they cry out in pain. Thus, those who burned turtles, or suppressed them with bricks, will for many hundreds of thousands of years live in darkness without witnessing even as little light as there could be within the eye of a needle. Yet they will be burned by their own flaming body hairs.
彼心猿猴，行於使山，使山幻堅慢心高峯之所止宿，惡見山巖是其行處，遊慢樹林瞋山窟中是其住處，妬心功德以為眾果，愛河所漂、不善業沒，乃至惡業爛壞離散，闇地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 315 “The mind is like a monkey that roams across the mountains of latent tendencies. The slopes of those mountains are rock-hard and at times the monkey may remain on the summits of conceit, climb the heights of wrong view, jump through the dense forests of pride, sit on the rocks of anger, gather the fruits of envy as if they were desirable qualities, and be carried away by the rivers of craving. Thus, those who have engaged in great negative acts will not die before their evil has been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中常被繫縛，餘殘業果，壽命短促。
2. 316 “If, when finally free from that hell, one is not born as a starving spirit or an animal, but instead becomes a human, cause and effect will nevertheless be in accord. Thus, one will constantly suffer from bondage and one’s life will be short.
