2.藏譯英The Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma, Saddharma smṛtyupasthāna https://read.84000.co/translation/toh287.html.
身念處品之五
復次，修行者外身隨順觀。過青水海，復有何等山海渚耶？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：有大海名曰清淨，縱廣五百由旬，海中有山，名光明鬘，高一百由旬，縱廣三百由旬，白銀所成，金華莊嚴，有蓮華池，名曰善意，長三十由旬，廣十由旬，鬘持諸天、樓迦足天諸天鵝鴨鴛鴦莊嚴。
5. 258 “Wondering whether there may be any mountains or rivers to be found farther out at sea, the spiritual practitioner will investigate the various regions. With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, [F.179.b] he will then see an ocean known as Bright Waters, which is five hundred leagues wide. From that ocean rises the mountain called Draped in Light Rays. A hundred leagues tall and three hundred leagues wide, that mountain is made of silver and adorned with all manner of beautiful jewels and golden lotuses. There is also a lotus pond called Seeing Thousands, which is a hundred leagues deep and three hundred leagues long. Garland-bearer and vessel-bearer gods go there for pleasure and the lake is adorned by divine geese and ducks.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。過清淨海，復有何等山河海渚？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：有大海名曰大波，廣五千由旬，水下風起，眾生因緣，一切大海及以洲渚，諸海波出，過二由旬，閻浮提人說名海潮。大波海中有大魚住，首如狗頭。
5. 259 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Apart from Bright Waters, are there other majestic mountains or seas, and are there other islands?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see the ocean called Great Waves. Five hundred leagues wide, this sea is fed by underground rivers and, as their currents travel upward, the ocean and its islands become stormy. In this way, all sentient beings are ruled by the force of karmic actions. The waves in this sea become two hundred miles high. There is yet another ocean called Waves of the Seas of Jambudvīpa wherein all the fish have horse faces.
復次，修行者外身隨順觀。過大波海，復有何等大山海耶？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：大波海北，有一大山，名阿奴摩那，廣十四由旬，白銀莊嚴如第二日天，曼陀華、拘賒耶舍花、毘琉璃華及天園林以為莊嚴。
5. 260 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Beyond the mountains in Great Waves, are there other mountains or oceans?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then notice the mountain called Single Face that lies to the north of the mountains of Great Waves. [F.180.a] Extending across four hundred leagues, this mountain is adorned with blazing gold and shines like a second sun. Divine mandaravā flowers, kuśeśaya lotuses, and lotuses of beryl grow there, and there are heavenly parks and forests.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。過阿奴摩山，復有何等大山海耶？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：阿奴摩那山東有一大海，名曰澄淨，去水不遠，須彌山側毘琉璃面，有山名優陀延，向弗婆提，金色生光；閻浮提國，毘琉璃故，其影青色。
5. 261 “Wondering whether there are other mountains beyond Single Face, the spiritual practitioner will apply insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, and thus he will notice that three thousand leagues to the east lies a moderately high mountain, known as Blazing Gold. Beyond that stands a mountain called Rising, which is situated near the face of Sumeru. This mountain causes the sky in Jambudvīpa to have the color of beryl, while it causes the sky in Videha in the east to have a golden color. Since the face of that mountain appears blue, the sky in Jambudvīpa is seen as blue.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。過優陀延山，更有何山？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：有大山，名曰善意，一切閻浮檀金廣大金華以為莊嚴，廣十由旬，高五百由旬，多有金樹，真金禽獸，紫磨金色波羅賒樹。多有諸天乾闥婆王——鬘持天、三箜篌天，如其業相上中下業，自業果故，至善意山見閻浮提。是名閻浮提東方山海。
5. 262 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder whether there are other mountains near Rising. With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see that far beyond Rising, toward Videha in the east, lies a second peak of Mount Sumeru, known as Happy Mind. Made of divine gold from the Jambu River and adorned with golden lotuses, this mountain stands ten leagues tall and is five hundred leagues wide. It is filled with golden trees, deer, birds, trees with foliage of pure gold, and heavenly singers. Garland-bearer gods and triple-lute-bearer gods go there to celebrate. [F.180.b] Encountering the creations of their own former actions — be they of low, intermediate, or superior quality —they experience their individual shares of karmic ripening as they frequent Mount Happy Mind as well as on the sun-like Mount Rising. Such is this lofty summit of Jambudvīpa, and this is as far as the realm of Jambudvīpa extends in the eastern direction.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。云何閻浮提南方山海？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：民陀山，廣八百由旬，有河名曰南摩多，廣半由旬，長二百由旬，有大毒龍住在河中，河中多有失收摩羅、龜、伽羅摩。復有大河名曰濤波，復有大河名曰鞞伽，於此河邊多有林樹。復有大河名黑賓拏，廣三由旬，長三百由旬，入於大海。復有大河名曰大盧陀，有大毒龍住在其中。摩羅耶山多有栴檀，其山廣長五百由旬，高三由旬，有一大河名登祇尼，出摩羅耶山，廣一由旬，長一百由旬，入於大海。復有一河名質多羅，種種林樹、種種眾鳥以為莊嚴，廣一由旬，長五十由旬，入於大海。
5. 263 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘How many rivers, mountains, and stormy seas are there to the south of Jambudvīpa?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then notice that the Vindhya mountain occupies an area of eight leagues. From this mountain flows the Narmadā River, which is half a league wide and runs a course of two hundred leagues. Highly poisonous nāgas live there, and the river is full of infant-eating crocodiles, as well as other predatory reptiles. A second river, the Wavy, splits off from the Narmadā. There is also a third river, Powerful, along the banks of which grow delightful trees. Another river, Black Swirling, is three leagues deep and runs a course of three hundred leagues until it flows into the sea. The Great Rodhā River is full of highly poisonous nāgas. The mountain known as Malaya is covered with the most delightful sandal trees. Its base covers five hundred leagues while its lofty summit reaches an altitude of three hundred leagues. [F.181.a] The Great Waves River flows from this mountain, one league wide and covering a distance of one hundred leagues before it flows into the sea. The river known as Possessor of Reeds runs through forests with a great variety of trees that abound with birds. This river is one league wide and runs a course of five hundred leagues before reaching the sea.
復次，修行者隨順外身，觀閻浮提。彼以聞慧或以天眼見：有國土名彌佉羅，種種樂處，其國縱廣四十由旬。復有一國，名諸迦羅，廣五十由旬，多有種種美果之樹，吱那迦果、波那婆果、無遮樹果、毘邏樹果、迦卑他果、不樓迦果、婆陀羅果，阿殊那花、栴吒迦華莊嚴其國。次名迦陵伽國，其土縱廣九十由旬，多有林樹，多有稻田。次名耽婆婆帝國，其土縱廣一百由旬，多有樹林，多有稻田。復有一國，名檀荼迦，其土縱廣二十由旬，空曠無人(昔仙人瞋故令國空也)。
5. 264 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘What else is there to be found in Jambudvīpa?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then notice the different regions in the land of Melako, each of which covers forty leagues. Second, the land of Tsokala covers fifty leagues and is adorned with trees such as ketaka, nāḍikera, jackfruit, plantain, wood-apple, paruṣaka, vadara, arjuna, and magnolia. There is yet another forest called Chavikaliṅka, which is one hundred leagues tall. This place is adorned with all sorts of young trees and śāli. Farther away comes the land Endowed with Rivers with its beautiful trees and śāli. In its forests live wild animals and tigers, and the murky Daṇḍakāraṇyaṅ River runs a course of twenty leagues.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。觀閻浮提中，於南方面復有何等山河大海？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：有大河，名瞿陀婆利，其水清淨，廣一拘賒，長二百由旬。復有一國，名曰烏荼，其土縱廣二十由旬。復有一國，名安陀羅，其土縱廣四十由旬。復有一國，名曰鷄羅，其土縱廣五十由旬，其國多有牛及水牛，多有稻田、林樹花果。近南海濱，有國名迦俱羅摩，一切林樹皆悉具足，其土長三百由旬，廣五十由旬，有一大河，名迦毘梨，種種樹林以為莊嚴，其水清淨，廣一由旬，長五由旬，多有可愛迦俱羅樹、雞多迦樹莊嚴其河，甚可愛樂。
5. 265 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Are there any other rivers or mountains in the south of Jambudvīpa?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then notice the river Godāvarī, one mile wide and two hundred leagues long. [F.181.b] There are also the lands of Tsontva, Madrā, and Ketako, respectively measuring twenty, four thousand, and fifty leagues. All of them abound with cows and buffalo, beautiful trees, and palms. Moreover, in the ocean lies an island, measuring three hundred by five hundred leagues, which is full of karkola trees. Adorned by beautiful trees and featuring very clear water, the Kāberi River, which is a league wide, runs a course of five hundred leagues. In the delightful forests there grow gorgeous karkolakā, naraka, and ketaka trees. This is also where the Bāsa River runs.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。過閻浮提，復有何等山海洲渚？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：有大海，名不梨那，蓮華葉覆，縱廣一萬由旬，風吹不動，以蓮華葉遍覆水故。過此海已，復有一渚，縱廣五百由旬，有諸羅剎住在其中，其形醜惡，甚可怖畏。過羅剎渚，有一大山，名摩醯陀，縱廣四十由旬，高十由旬，多有眾樹，謂多羅樹、娑羅樹，諸阿修羅、諸龍、龍女遊戲其中，或復在於園林遊戲。
5. 266 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Beyond Jambudvīpa, are there any other seas, mountains, or islands?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then notice the sea called Covered by Puḍi, which covers an area of ten thousand leagues. The wind creates no waves there and lotuses grow in the ocean. Past this ocean lies an island that is five hundred leagues across. The island is filled with terrifying, fish-eating rākṣasas. Beyond that island lies the mountain known as Great Power, forty leagues wide, ten leagues tall, and draped with tāla and śāli trees. There the asuras play with nāga girls on the beaches and in the groves. [F.182.a]
於閻浮提六齋之日，四天王天住此山上，觀閻浮提何等眾生孝養父母、隨順法行？何人齋日受持齋戒？有何等人信佛法僧？有何等人與魔共戰？誰行直心？誰行布施？何人不慳？誰不惱他？何人知恩？何人信業？誰行十善？誰近善友？何人信於邪見外道？如是四天王於摩醯陀羅山觀閻浮提。
5. 267 “Residing on that mountain, the Four Great Kings examine all of Jambudvīpa on the eighth and fourteenth days. They notice who are respectful of their mothers; who practice the Dharma; who follow the Dharma; who observe the one-day precepts; who have faith in the Buddha; who have faith in the Dharma; who have faith in the Saṅgha; who wage battle with the māras; who are honest; who are generous; who are free from stinginess; who refrain from harming others; who are not ungrateful; who steer clear of nihilism; who practice the ten courses of virtuous action; who belong to the Great Vehicle; who belong to the Hearer Vehicle; who belong to the Vehicle of Solitary Buddhas; who do not become an enemy to their friends; and who steer clear of the wrong views of the non-Buddhists. In this way, residing on the mountain of Great Power, the Four Great Kings examine all of Jambudvīpa.
若閻浮提順法修行，四天王天至帝釋所，白如是言：天王應生歡喜。破壞魔軍，增長正法及諸天眾，一切閻浮提人行於善法。時，釋迦天王及諸天眾聞其所說，皆大歡喜。
5. 268 “If they see that the people of Jambudvīpa are righteous, the Four Great Kings will be delighted and convey the news to Śakra. All the gods, along with their ruler, will rejoice. The forces of the māras will then be waning while the forces of the gods will be flourishing. Hearing that the humans in Jambudvīpa practice virtuous actions and follow the Dharma, all the gods, including their ruler, will rejoice.
若閻浮提人不順法行，時，四天王天則皆愁惱，向三十三天作如是說：閻浮提人不順法行，增長魔軍，減損天眾。
5. 269 “However, if they see that the people of Jambudvīpa are not righteous and do not follow the Dharma, the Four Great Kings will be pained and convey this news to the gods in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three, saying [F.182.b] ‘The people of Jambudvīpa are not righteous and do not follow the Dharma. The forces of the māras are on the rise, and the forces of the gods are waning.’ This news will be received with anguish by the gods and their ruler.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。過摩醯陀羅山，復有何等山海渚耶？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：過摩醯陀羅山，見有一渚，縱廣一百由旬，有一足人住在此渚，飲食根果，以自存生，壽命五十歲，樹葉為衣，不為屋宅，住在樹下，於此國中多有師子猛惡之獸，其師子身皆有兩翼，土田調適，無寒無熱，一切女人皆如狗面，口出妙音。
5. 270 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Are there any mountains or islands beyond Great Power?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then notice an island far beyond Great Power that is inhabited by one-legged people. They live on grasses and fruits, live to be fifty years old, wear the leaves of the trees for clothes, and live at the feet of the trees. The land there is full of lions and other such predators that eat human flesh, and there are also ferocious birds. However, because the island has both warm and cool seasons, the weather is pleasant. All the females have dog faces and beautiful voices.
過此洲已，有一大海縱廣二萬由旬，海中有山，名摩利那羅，金銀頗梨、毘琉璃寶之所成就，多有種種金色之鳥，曼陀羅華、俱賒耶金花六時常具，有神通力大阿修羅於此山中遊戲受樂，受愛色聲香味觸等，山長五千由旬，高一百由旬，有十五峰皆是白銀，諸天女等在中受樂，為阿修羅之所惱亂。以此因緣，諸天初共阿修羅鬪，一切天人、愚癡凡夫皆為女人之所使役。
5. 271 “Beyond that island lies an ocean that extends across twenty thousand leagues. On the far side of that sea rises the mountain called Garland of Plantains. The mountain is made of crystal, beryl, and silver. Golden birds live there and gorgeous mandārava and lotus flowers bloom there throughout the six seasons. Asuras endowed with magical powers frolic and celebrate there, indulging in the delightful sounds, textures, tastes, and scents found there. Five thousand leagues long and a hundred leagues high, [F.183.a] the mountain has fifteen peaks of silver upon which young goddesses come to celebrate. When they do so, they are harassed by the asuras, and this is the original basis for the altercations between the gods and the asuras. Ordinary gods and humans are all under the power of women.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。過多梨那羅山，復有何等山海渚耶？彼以聞慧或以天眼：過彼山已，見有大海，縱廣五千由旬，水中有魚，長一由旬，於此海中有諸水人，身長五由旬，或作牛頭或作猪頭，或水牛頭或駱駝頭，或師子頭或作虎頭，或作豹頭或獼猴頭，遍似一切畜生之面，如印所印。
5. 272“The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Beyond Garland of Plantains, are there any other mountains, oceans, or islands?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see an ocean far beyond, covering five thousand leagues. In the first thousand leagues live fish, but in the remainder of the five thousand leagues 625 live creatures with heads like elephants, buffalo, pigs, camels, lions, tigers, jackals, leopards, monkeys, humans, and numerous other types of sentient beings.
過此海已，有一大山名曰輪山，一切諸欲皆悉具足，天蓮花池，上味之果，若食其果，生樂七日，緊那羅王住此山中，以自業故，心常歡喜，上中下業，互相娛樂遊戲受樂。
Beyond that sea lies the mountain known as Sunny, which features all sorts of pleasures, lotuses of divine substance, and fruits that, when eaten, remain satiating for a week. Kiṃnaras live their carefree lives there, constantly singing, dancing, and enjoying themselves. Experiencing their respective shares of inferior, intermediate, or superior karmic actions, they befriend one another and play.
其日輪山縱廣二千由旬，過此山已，復有一山名軍闍摩，其山皆以白銀成就，毘琉璃石如天莊嚴，其山有樹名曰女樹，於此山中遍山諸樹，天欲明時，皆生孾兒，日出能行，至於食時，皆成年少，至日中時，身色盛壯，至日晡時，年已朽老，拄杖而行，頭髮皓白如霜著樹，至日沒時，一切皆死。一切眾生共業而行，隨所作業，隨業受報。
5. 273 “Beyond Mount Sunny the ocean extends for two thousand leagues. There, one finds Mount Kuñjaro, which is made of silver and adorned by heavenly stones of beryl, plates of silver, and other gorgeous stones. On that mountain stands a tree known as the girl tree. [F.183.b] At daybreak young boys are born from that tree. At sunrise they crawl, in the morning they bear the top knot, at noon they are youths, in the middle of the afternoon they are adults, and as the sun begins to set, they become oppressed by aging, using a cane to hold themselves up, with their hair as white as snow. Finally, once the sun has set, they all die. Everyone bears karmic actions and is a being of karmic action. Everyone experiences their own share of karmic actions, depends on karmic action, and experiences things in exact accord with the actions they performed.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。過軍闍羅山，復有何等山海渚耶？彼以聞慧或以天眼見於南方：過此山已，有一大海，於海水下五百由旬，有龍王宮，種種眾寶以為莊嚴，毘琉璃寶、因陀青寶、頗梨欄楯，七寶莊嚴，光明摩尼種種眾寶莊嚴殿堂，重閣之殿猶如日光，有如是等無量宮殿。德叉迦龍王以自業故，住此宮殿，是德叉迦龍王，日夜常修念佛、念法、念僧。
5. 274 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Beyond Mount Kuñjaro, are there any other mountains, oceans, or islands?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see that within the waters of the ocean, at a farther distance of fifty thousand leagues, lies a place that abounds with a wide variety of jewels. There are platforms of beryl, sapphire, crystal, and other such jewels. Adorned with the seven precious substances, the realm shines with its own natural light and abounds with jewels. There are platforms, mansions, palaces, multistoried buildings, and various smaller houses, all made of gold and gems. This dazzling abode shines like a second sun. The nāga king Takṣaka resides here, experiencing his particular share of karmic actions as he recollects the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Saṅgha. [F.184.a]
過此寶堂五百由旬有大惡海，一切眾生見者惶怖，多瞋惡龍以為圍遶。過此海已，復有一山名曰牛王，其山具有一切眾生。
5. 275“Five hundred leagues beyond Takṣaka’s realm the ocean becomes full of terrifying creatures and extremely ferocious nāgas. Farther away lies a mountain called Abrikṣabho which is teeming with all sorts of beings.
於此山中出於牛頭栴檀之香。第二旃檀名曰黃色，其旃檀相如日光明，一切凡人不能得見；若人順法，轉輪聖王出現於世，或有如法小王出現於世，如轉輪王，則能得之。乾闥婆王住此山中，歌舞喜戲以自娛樂。
On this mountain grow two kinds of sandal trees called gośirṣa and hariśyāmang. These two types of trees are splendid like the sun and no ordinary person can bear looking at them. They are sandal trees for universal monarchs, or other such kings who observe and follow the Dharma. When the leaders of the gandharvas go there they become intoxicated by their fragrance and thus they spend all their time joyfully dancing, singing, and playing music.
過牛王山五百由旬，有一大海名大水沫，大風音聲。過此海已，有一大山名曰三峯：一曰金峯；二曰銀峰；三曰頗梨峰。其峰有池，名曰沫輪，金沙布底，天華莊嚴，鵝鴨鴛鴦充滿池中，風吹海水擊三山峰，多殺大魚。以自業故，被打而死。
5. 276 “Far beyond that mountain follow five hundred leagues of frothing sea and howling winds. Beyond that stands the mountain known as Triple Horns. One of its three summits is made of gold, another of silver, and the third of crystal. From these three summits flows the clear river called Garlands of Foam, running its course over a bed of powdery gold, along golden banks. This river is adorned with heavenly lotuses and abounds with geese and ducks that call out delightfully. The wind keeps tossing waves against Mount Triple Horns, which kills the weaker among the fish.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。過大海已，復有何等山河渚耶？彼以聞慧或以天眼：過前大海，見閻羅王決罪福處，一切眾生證業果處，是閻羅王所住境界。閻羅王法治諸罪人，是諸眾生自心所誑，住黑闇處。過此住處一百由旬但有虛空，過百由旬至閻羅王所住宮殿。其王宮殿，閻浮那提金之所成就，一切眾寶以為莊嚴，河泉流水蓮花嚴飾，縱廣一百由旬，其殿光明如第二日。
5. 277 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Are there any other mountains, rivers, or islands in the sea?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, [F.184.b] he will then see that far behind that place lies the world of the Lord of Death, the master of the effects of sentient beings’ karmic actions, which are certain to be experienced, whether they were virtuous or unvirtuous. The Lord of Death is the king of Dharma for he teaches sentient beings by means of the Dharma. This world of the Lord of Death is gloomy because of the delusion and darkness of one’s own mind. Beyond this realm, however, the sky remains cloudless and clear for a hundred leagues. Beyond that lies a joyous realm of the Lord of Death, replete with mansions and arches made of pure divine gold from the Jambu River and adorned with precious jewels. Everywhere lie beautiful rivers, waterfalls, pools, and lotus ponds. This place extends over one hundred leagues and is as resplendent as a second sun.
過此住處，無日月光一切黑闇，海廣大故日光不現。以地獄眾生惡業因故，一切黑闇，目無所見，不知東西。
5. 278 “Beyond that realm of the Lord of Death, the light of the sun and moon begins to dim, and everything becomes enveloped in darkness until eventually the light of the sun and moon disappears completely. Even in the ocean the light of the sun and moon disappears. The ocean is engulfed in darkness due to the nature of the flawed actions of beings in the vast hell realms. Hence, neither the ocean nor dry land can be seen clearly.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。遍觀眾生所住之處，若地獄處、若河若山、若樹若海、若諸天處、若畜生道、若餓鬼道，八方上下，頗有眾生不生不死、不生不滅？頗有恩愛而不別離？無有一處不壞不變，無常恩愛要當別離。如是比丘不見一處非愛別離，於五道中無一指地非愛別離，隨諸眾生所住之處，無非生死，生滅無常。
5. 279“The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will at this point conclude, ‘Throughout this good land —in the cities, forests, rivers, mountains, and oceans; in the world of the gods, the world of animals, and in the world of the starving spirits; above, below, and in the cardinal and intermediate directions —there are no beings who do not take birth, die, transmigrate, and take birth again. [F.185.a] There is nothing beautiful that will not disappear, vanish, or be left behind. Nothing is stable, nothing endures, nothing remains unchanged. I see nothing and no one that will not eventually be lost. In this world, there is not even a pinch of anything agreeable or delightful that will not eventually disappear, be lost, be parted from, be taken away, vanish, and cease to be. I see no place where sentient beings do not take birth, die, transmigrate, and take birth again.
是故於此有為生死諸行之中應生厭離，此是誑惑躁動障礙，多有憂悲速疾不停，破壞磨滅，得已還失，如幻如夢，得之還失。此恩愛處誑惑愚癡，無始流轉，欲瞋癡處猶如怨家，詐為親友愛欲住處，是故應離有為，起厭離心，捨於亂心，於無常境界勿生喜樂，莫與愚癡而共遊戲。如是修行者教諸眾生如實隨順。
Therefore, I must urgently free myself from desire for conditioned factors. They are all deceptive. These realms are all fluctuating, and are full of harm, agony, distress, haste, separation, and loss of what was gained. They are like an illusion or a dream. All achievements go to waste. Still, this realm of craving deceives ordinary, childish beings because they have indulged in desire, anger, and ignorance since time without beginning. That is the basis for their inauspicious 626 lustful desire. I must therefore rapidly become free from desire for conditioned factors. Childish beings never tire! They are so distracted! They are led astray by things that they cannot keep. I will not play along with childish people.’ In this way, the spiritual practitioner correctly and carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body that is subject to destruction. [F.185.b]
觀於外身四十住處，無一眾生不依業生，無一眾生非業流轉，無一眾生不為業縛，如所作業，或善不善，而得果報。彼比丘如是觀時，不見一眾生非業故生，無一眾生非業藏者，無一眾生非業流轉，如所業作，或善不善，而得果報。彼比丘觀察業已，如實外身隨順正觀。
5. 280 “He will then wonder whether there is even one single being anywhere in the forty abodes who is not at the mercy of karmic action, who is not bound to karmic action, and who does not experience his own share of karmic action. How are everyone’s fortunes determined by their own past actions, be they positive or negative? In this regard, he does not see a single being who does not experience his own share of karmic action, who does not live in the world of karmic action, who does not depend on karmic action. Whether they were positive or negative, one’s own past actions determine one’s present fortunes. In this way, acknowledging the way one’s own past actions are appropriated, the spiritual practitioner correctly and carefully considers the body.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。云何觀於閻浮提中西方國土山河海渚？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：有大河名曰富那，有諸花樹——婆鳩羅樹、婆籌迦樹、佉殊羅果、吱多迦花、那梨吱羅樹、多摩羅樹，有如是等種種眾樹莊嚴其河，多有山谷。河邊有國，名吱迦移，過此國界，名辛頭河，河邊有國，名蘇毘羅，人民豐樂，食赤稻米，其國安樂，山林流水。過此國界，復有一國，名蘇羅沙吒。過此國界，復有一國，名波羅多，其土縱廣二十由旬，國中多有石榴蒲桃，其國有城，名彌多羅蒲迦，過此大城有五大河，共合而流。從此以西，乃有大海，多饒種種惡魚惡獸，甚可怖畏。是修行者，見西海中有一大洲，名曰迦羅，縱廣一百由旬，種種眾鳥住在此洲，種種園林甚可愛樂，是毘荼他之所住止，遊戲受樂，城名鉢利多，第二住處名曰長髮，其處可愛。此迦羅渚，重閣殿堂，多有流水。過此住處，有辛頭河，入西海口，有一大山，名曰蘇棄，住在海中，於此山中多有珊瑚，若有商人至此寶山，多獲珍寶，富樂無窮。
5. 281 “Next, the spiritual practitioner will wonder, ‘What are the mountains, rivers, islands, and lands to the west of Jambudvīpa?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see a land called Kekāpino. It is lush with nutmeg trees, abounds with paṭa trees, and is covered with date palms, adorned with lovely fragrant pine flowers, and studded with malabar leaf trees. It is a land of great rivers with cool waters. The mountains are riddled with caverns. Where the Sindhū River flows lies the lovely land of Suvīra with its beautiful inhabitants and rich stores of red rice. This is a land of mountains and waterfalls. The area called Pāraṭā covers twenty leagues and is a great source of pomegranate wine. West of the land called Enjoyed by Friends are five rivers, and then comes a terrifying sea filled with many different crocodiles. One hundred leagues to the west in that sea lies an island called Kālaka. [F.186.a] Many different birds live there and it possesses the most delightful forests and parks. On that island vidyādharas live and enjoy themselves. They can be found in two extremely delightful locations, one called Varitavaṭṭānang and the other called Braided Shape. The island of Kālaka is filled with mansions, houses, and waterfalls. Beyond it comes an area called Merging of the Sindhū and the Sea. In between the Sindhū and the ocean a mountain called Sukhana rises from the water. Pravāḍa grow there and merchants are excited to gather coral trees.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。過此山已，復有何等山海渚耶？諸羅剎等，住何等處？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：有大海多有大魚，五千由旬，多有螺貝、摩伽羅魚、提彌魚、提彌鯢羅魚撓攪海水，風鼓大海令魚亂行。
5. 282 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘What are the names of the mountains, islands, and female rākṣasas that can be found in the western sea?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see an ocean with mountains that covers five thousand leagues and is chock-full of fish, some of which are gigantic. The sea is stormy, and the winds cause the fish to swirl up and down in the sea.
行者復觀，過此海已，有一大洲，名曰周遍可愛眾師子國，其國有蛇，身長十里，飛空而行，無所障礙，壽命千歲，不相憎嫉。
5. 283 “Beyond that ocean the spiritual practitioner will see a delightful island called Abundant Lions. Flying carnivores live there. Their bodies measure a mile and they stalk the place without touching the water or the earth. These beasts live up to a thousand years, surviving in constant animosity and always fighting one another.
行者復觀，過此洲已，復有一海，名曰可愛，縱廣五由旬，於此水中多有蓮華，眾蜂莊嚴，花臺廣大，有諸羅剎，名鳩迦羅，住此海中，食蓮花臺，恣意充足。
5. 284 “Farther away the spiritual practitioner will see the sea of Ramayo, extending across five hundred leagues. In that sea lotus flowers are in constant bloom and beautiful bees swarm around the centers of the flowers. [F.186.b] Among the lotuses lives the rākṣasī Kulakā, satisfying her hunger with the hearts of the flowers.
行者復觀，過此住處，有一大山，名曰曠野，縱廣一百由旬，於此山中多有白象及迦陵頻伽鳥出妙音聲。如是美音，若天若人、若緊那羅、若阿修羅，無能及者唯除如來。
5. 285 “Far beyond that delightful sea, the spiritual practitioner will see the mountain called Ardhamaru, extending across one hundred leagues. This mountain is home to many elephants, as well as kalaviṅka birds whose voices are so sublime that they are matched only by thus-gone ones, or bodhisattvas who have received consecration. No god can compare, nor can any human, kiṃnara, or asura.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。過此大山，復有何等山河海渚？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：有大山高五十由旬，其山多有毘琉璃林，有諸師子，羽翼具足，守護寶林，恐曼提呵羅剎來奪其處。
5. 286“The spiritual practitioner will then wonder, ‘Are there any other mountains, rivers, or oceans beyond Ardhamaru?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see a place, fifty leagues into the ocean past Ardhamaru, that abounds with beryl. In that beryl forest live winged lions and the place is guarded by two rākṣasīs, Mānadehā and Rāmā.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。過閻浮提，復有何等山河海渚？彼以聞慧或以天眼復見：西海縱廣一萬二千由旬，於彼大海無山無城，水中唯有象頭魚身、猪頭魚身。
5. 287 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Far beyond Jambudvīpa, are there any other mountains or seas?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see an ocean extending twelve thousand leagues to the west. There are no mountains in that sea, nor are there any other places to visit, yet the sea contains fish with elephant and pig heads.
行者復觀，過此海已，有一大山，名曰金山，其山光明照大海水，令大海水猶如金色，莊嚴其山，山高三百由旬，廣五十由旬，有乾闥婆，名閻浮摩利，住在其上，心常悅樂，壽命二千歲，亦有中夭。無量百千乾闥婆眾住此山中，身如金色，一切色相與天相類，食於樹果，其性勇健，一切阿修羅住於水下，無能奪此乾闥婆眾所有根果。
5. 288 “On the far side of that sea, the spiritual practitioner will then see a mountain of gold known as Sāra. [F.187.a] The rays of golden light from that mountain give the sea a beautiful golden color. Fifty leagues wide and three hundred leagues high, the mountain is inhabited by a group of gandharvas known as the Joyous Garland of Jambu Gold. They live up to two thousand years but may also die sooner. Many hundreds of thousands of gandharvas live there. Their bodies resemble refined gold, and all of them look like gods. The roots and fruits in the forest of these gandharvas are hard to steal and although some of the subterranean asuras try to harvest and steal them, they are unable to enjoy them.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。過此海已，復有何等山海渚耶？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：此大海過五分已，有大輪山，真金所成，高千由旬，廣五百由旬，金剛為頂，於此山中有緊那羅及阿修羅住在此山。是甄那羅園林可愛，河流泉池，多有花果，獼猴遊戲，河名金水，廣半由旬，於此河中多有金魚游洋曜鱗。
5. 289 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Are there other mountains in the sea?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then notice a mountain called Cakravāḍa, which is discovered when a quarter of the sea has been traversed. Five hundred leagues wide and one thousand leagues high, this mountain has a core of vajra and is otherwise made of gold. Occasionally, asuras come to stay on its golden surface. It is also visited by kiṃnaras who sing delightfully. The mountain abounds with various fruits and is home to numerous monkeys. On this mountain flows the river called Golden Waters. It is full of golden fish and half a league wide.
行者復觀，過輪山已，有一大海，縱廣一萬由旬，其海有渚，名曰寶渚，於此渚中種種眾寶，無有土石，遍於渚上皆是珍寶。
5. 290 “Beyond that mountain the spiritual practitioner will see an ocean that extends across ten thousand leagues. In the midst of it lies an island called Isle of Jewels. There, one finds nothing but a variety of precious stones; [F.187.b] there is no ordinary earth or stones. The entire island is made of jewels.
行者復觀，過此海渚，復有何等山河海渚？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：有大山，名曰白山，多有林樹，其色白淨，水沫圍繞，高一千由旬，縱廣五百由旬。
5. 291“Next, the spiritual practitioner will wonder if there are any other oceans, mountains, or rivers beyond that island. With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then notice a gray rocky mountain with gray trees, which is surrounded by a frothy sea. This mountain measures five hundred leagues across and is a thousand leagues high.
行者復觀，過此山已，見有大山，名曰善雲，高百由旬，廣六十四由旬，空無人住，若夜叉、若緊那羅畏阿修羅，悉無住者。
5. 292 “As he considers the various lands, the spiritual practitioner will also see that farther away lies a mountain called Sumegha, which is sixty-four leagues wide and a hundred leagues high. Due to the terrors of the asuras, this mountain is empty. Guhyaka gods do live there, but there are no kiṃnaras or yakṣas.
過此山已，有頗梨山，高三千由旬，縱廣千由旬，河池林果一切具足，如天之山。
Farther away lies the great mountain known as Suśīmo. A thousand leagues high and three thousand leagues long, this mountain is made of beautiful divine crystal and features delightful rivers, trees, and fruits.
過此山已，有大清水，縱廣百由旬，多有螺貝，其水難行。
Beyond that mountain stretches a hundred leagues of sea with blue waters. This sea is filled with conches, which make its waters difficult to cross.
過此水已，有仙光山，諸阿修羅住此山中，常畏天眾，多有婇女，種種莊嚴，酒河流溢，甄波迦果及粘那果生仙光山，其味甚美，食之殺人。
On the far side of that ocean stands the mountain known as Brāgajyotiṣa. Upon it grow kimbaka fruits that are delicious to taste but lethal to digest.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。復有何等山河海渚？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：六萬金山，紫磨金樹周遍山中，禽獸充滿，於此山中處處多有金蓮花池。
5. 293 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will then wonder, ‘Are there any other mountains, islands, or rivers to be found in the sea?’ [F.188.a] With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see a mountain of gold, sixty thousand 627 leagues tall. This mountain is studded with trees of refined gold, deer and birds abound, heavenly flowers are in full bloom, and golden lotuses blossom in golden ponds.
出大光明，一切金山，須彌山王住在其中，諸鬘持天、樓迦足天、三箜篌天、四天王天住此山上。於此山上有如意樹，隨天所念皆從樹生，一切禽獸身皆金色，多有眾花——曼陀羅花、拘賒耶花。
This is Mount Sumeru, shining its splendid radiance in all directions. Garland bearers, vessel bearers, triple-lute-bearers, and gods of the realm of the Four Great Kings live there. This is also where the wish-fulfilling tree grows, supplying the inhabitants of the world of the gods with whatever they wish for.
於山四陲有四大林：一名歡喜林；二名雜殿林；三名鮮明林；四名波利耶多林。歡喜園中有大樹王，名波利耶多，於此樹下，夏四月時，受五欲樂，遊戲自娛。四天王天於歡喜園遊戲受樂。四天王天於此園中歡娛受樂，故名歡喜園。
On the four sides of the mountain lie four forests teeming with birds and wild animals, golden flowers, mandāravas, and kuśeśaya lotuses. These are known as Joyous Grove, Caitra ratha vana, Pāruṣika, and Mixed. In the last of these grows the Pārijāta, king of trees, at the roots of which the gods enjoy the pleasures of the five senses and celebrate during the four months of summer. There, the gods of the realm of the Four Great Kings attain a great wealth of various delights and so these gods enjoy the goddesses in the forest.
鮮明林者，眾彩莊嚴，故名鮮明林。雜殿林者，種種雜殿，天子乘之遊戲，受於可愛色聲香味觸等，故名雜殿林。波利耶多林、歡喜林中，一切天眾受五欲樂。
In the Pāruṣika forest, the gods find perfect circumstances in accordance with their many different past karmic actions. In Caitra ratha vana they enjoy the sights of various chariots and revel in delightful sounds, tastes, forms, and fragrances. In Joyous Grove, the gods play and celebrate. [F.188.b]
須彌山王向閻浮提一方之面，毘琉璃寶，以毘琉璃光照力故，令閻浮提仰觀虛空，皆作青色。
5. 294“The face of Mount Sumeru that turns toward Jambudvīpa is made of beryl, and due to the light that shines from it, the sky in Jambudvīpa appears blue. On the second face of Mount Sumeru lies the Pāruṣika forest. This is where the gods and asuras go to wage war. This face turns toward Godānīya in the west. It is made of gold and the light from the mountain therefore makes the sky above Godānīya appear yellow.
第三方面，鮮明林中，諸天欲共阿修羅鬪，於此林中集共議論。
On the third face lies the Caitra ratha vana, which serves as the gods’ arsenal.
須彌山王向瞿陀尼一方之面，真金所成，令瞿陀尼仰觀虛空，皆作赤色。
This face turns toward Videha in the east and is made of silver. The silvery light that shines from the mountain thus gives the sky above Videha a whitish appearance.
第二方面有雜殿林，於此殿中盛天鬪具。
On the fourth face lies the forest called Mixed.
須彌山王向弗婆提一方之面，白銀所成，令弗婆提仰觀虛空，皆作白色。
Turning toward Kuru in the north, this face of the mountain is made of crystal so that the light shining from it makes the people on Kuru see the sky as having a pure, whitish color.
須彌山王向欝單越一方之面，頗梨所成，令欝單越見空清淨，白光明色。行者復觀，四天王天壽命幾歲？以閻浮提中五十年，為一日一夜，如是壽命滿五百歲，亦有中夭。
Counting fifty human years as one day, the gods in the Heaven of the Four Great Kings live to be five hundred years, although they may also die prematurely.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。須彌山上復有何等異天止住？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：須彌山王有三十三天住在山頂，所受樂行不可具說，城名善見，縱廣十千由旬，七寶莊嚴。
5. 295 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will wonder, ‘Are there other divine worlds or divine substances to be found upon Mount Sumeru, the king of mountains?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will see how the gods of the Heaven of the Thirty-Three live on the top of Mount Sumeru. Their world is endowed with incomparable divine substances and thus the gods live in heavenly pleasure. In that realm lies the city of Sudarśana, which occupies ten thousand leagues and is adorned with the seven precious substances.
因陀青寶、金剛車璩、赤蓮花寶、柔軟大寶以為莊嚴。有善法堂，廣五百由旬，毘琉璃珠以為欄楯，真金為壁，一切門戶亦復如是，以一切莊嚴嚴飾殿堂。釋迦天王住善法堂，以善業力，受相似樂。人中百歲為第二天一日一夜，如是壽命滿一千歲，亦有中夭。
This city features vajra, sapphire, beryl, [F.189.a] musāragalva, ruby, and sukumārika. Sudharma, the assembly hall of the gods, measures five hundred leagues and features platforms made of beryl and other precious substances, along with golden fences and arches studded with jewels. Śakra, ruler of the gods, resides within this assembly hall of the gods, Sudharma, enjoying divine pleasures in accordance with his own past actions. One hundred human years are one day and night among these gods. The gods live for a thousand years consisting of such days, but they may also die prematurely.
須彌西面，名日沒山，日至此山，閻浮提人謂之日沒，故名沒山。
When the sun sets west of Sumeru, king of mountains, the humans in Jambudvīpa say, ‘Now the sun is setting in Jambudvīpa.’
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。觀須彌山王其量高下？彼以聞慧或以天眼觀：須彌山高廣八萬四千由旬，阿修羅王住在其側，居此水下。
5. 296 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘What are the dimensions of Mount Sumeru?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see that the mountain rises eighty-four thousand leagues above the sea and reaches eighty-four thousand leagues below. The parts of the mountain that are submerged in the sea are inhabited by the asuras. The gods live above.
以眾生業之所住持，令日旋轉。有大尊神，名曰健疾，常在前導，於眴目頃，能行十千一百五十由旬，周匝旋轉，以日為度，知諸眾生壽命長短。
5. 297 “Mount Sumeru, king of mountains, has a burning hot sun and —due to its beings and the impact of their karmic actions —the chariot of the sun circles around the mountain pulled by Beautiful Voice, the strong and overpowering king of horses. This supreme chariot travels everywhere, pulled by that perfect horse. Even though there is only a single horse, it may present itself as seven horses. The supreme chariot has a single wheel and the king of horses, Beautiful Voice, pulls it across ten thousand leagues in the mere wink of an eye. The disk of the sun, which bestows life upon sentient beings and brings the light of day, measures one hundred leagues. [F.189.b]
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。觀四天下人所住之處，閻浮提國、弗婆提國、瞿陀尼國、欝單越國幾許量耶？彼見：閻浮提國七千由旬，弗婆提國八千由旬，瞿陀尼國九千由旬，欝單越國十千由旬。隨四天下地之形相，人面亦爾，像其地形。
5. 298 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘How large are the four continents inhabited by humans?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see that Jambudvīpa is seven thousand leagues, Godānīya is eight thousand, Videha in the east measures nine thousand, and Kuru in the north is ten thousand leagues large. The shapes of the individual continents are reflected in the shape of the faces of the people who inhabit them.
閻浮提人面之形相，上廣下狹，像其地形。其餘三方：弗婆提人，面像地形，猶如半月；瞿陀尼人，面像地形，猶如滿月；欝單越人，面像地形，其面正方。如是外觀，觀四天下人之形相，如實了知。
Jambudvīpa is shaped like a cart and, similarly, the faces of the humans in Jambudvīpa are triangular. Videha in the east is shaped like a half moon and people’s faces there are shaped accordingly. Godānīya is circular and people’s faces there are shaped accordingly. Kuru in the north is square, and the people’s faces there are shaped accordingly. In this way, seeing the shapes of the four realms of human beings, the spiritual practitioner correctly considers what is external.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。云何觀於閻浮提國北方國界山河海渚？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：閻浮提北方有國，名曰婆嗟，其土縱廣滿十由旬。次第二國，名民陀羅，其土縱廣二十由旬。次第三國，名首羅斯那，其土縱廣一百由旬。次第四國，名阿梯梨，其土縱廣一百由旬。次第五國，名曰陀羅，其土縱廣一百由旬。次第六國，名曰鳩留，其土縱廣一百由旬。次第七國，名摩陀羅，其土縱廣五十由旬。次第八國，名乾陀羅，其土縱廣一百由旬。次第九國，名曰賒迦，其土縱廣一百由旬。次第十國，名婆陀羅迦，其土縱廣二百由旬。次第十一國，名陀羅陀，其土縱廣一百由旬，於此國中多有山嶮。次第十二，名婆佉邏國，其土縱廣一千由旬。次第十三，名毘師迦國，其土縱廣二百由旬。次第十四，名摩醯沙國，其土縱廣二百由旬。次第十五，名曰漢國，其土縱廣一千由旬，官屬都合一千由旬，真漢唯有二百由旬。次第十六，名都佉國，其土縱廣五百由旬。次第十七，名跋跋羅國，其土縱廣二百由旬。次第十八，名究頗羅國，其土縱廣五十由旬。次第十九，名鳩留摩國，其土縱廣滿五由旬。次第二十，名甘滿闍國，其土縱廣一百由旬。自餘小國及以空地悉不在數。
5. 299 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘What are the mountains, rivers, lands, and islands that lie far to the north, beyond Jambudvīpa?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see a land called Fish that is ten leagues wide; a second land called Pulindo, measuring twenty leagues; a third land called Army of Heroes, measuring a hundred leagues; a fourth land called Susthali, measuring a hundred leagues; a fifth land called Dardo where people behave well, measuring a hundred leagues; a sixth land called Kuru, measuring a hundred leagues; a seventh land called Land of the Good, measuring fifty leagues; [F.190.a] a land called Gandhara with a total span of a hundred leagues; a land called Śakā, measuring two hundred leagues; a land called Dardo that has many mountains and covers a hundred leagues; the land of Bāhiliko, measuring a thousand leagues; the land of Prikṣikā, measuring two hundred leagues; the land of Mahikṣikā, measuring two hundred leagues; the land of China with a total span of one thousand leagues; the land of Second China, measuring two hundred leagues; the land of Khārā, measuring five hundred leagues;the land of Barbarā, measuring two hundred leagues; the Land of Kuṭa Fruits, measuring five hundred leagues; the land of Kaṭuka, measuring fifty leagues; and the land of Kamboja, measuring a hundred leagues. This list does not include the minor lands.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。觀閻浮提北方國界，復有何等山王？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：有大山，名曰雪山，種種山峯，其山眷屬廣千由旬，山中多有盧陀羅樹、松樹、栢樹、天木之樹、娑羅樹、多摩羅樹，多有夜叉，多緊那羅，多毘舍遮夜叉之屬。其山可愛，修學禪者多依此山，河流甘美，大力龍等，住在山中，多有吱羅多人住在此山。
5. 300 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘How many mountains are there to the north?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see the peaks of Himavat. Extending across a thousand leagues, these mountains are covered by fir trees, junipers, lotuses, sal trees, plantains, and tamala trees. Kiṃnaras and yakṣas roam these mountains, which are also home to piśācas and yakṣas. In these extremely delightful mountains there also live numerous ascetics and accomplished individuals. There are cascades and rivers of the sweetest and most delicious water, full of powerful nāgas. Many inferior humans live there as well.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。觀閻浮提北方國界，復有何等山河海渚？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：雪山東名懸雪山，多有可愛禽獸，滿中松栢之樹及天木樹、那迷流林、婆鳩流樹、闍摩迦樹。過此山已，復有一山，名多摩伽羅，縱廣二十由旬，有一千窟。過此山已，有百由旬空曠之地，多有河池，無有藥草及以樹木。過此處已，有白銀山，名雞羅娑，金峰圍遶，毘留勒天王住在其上。於山峰中河池清涼，多有蓮花、青優鉢羅花，池中多有鵝鴨鴛鴦而以莊嚴。
5. 301 “Carefully considering the body and attending to it through the external body, the spiritual practitioner will further wonder, ‘Are there other mountains, rivers, or oceans to the north of Jambudvīpa?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see a mountain known as Copper-Colored, which is situated five hundred leagues beyond Himavat. [F.190.b] This mountain is blanketed with forests that are home to lovely wild animals and flocks of birds. There are heavenly trees, such as tamaru, kulumaka, and rirakṣaka. The size of the mountain is twenty leagues and it has a thousand caves. Beyond that mountain lie a hundred leagues of land with many rivers but no grass, shrubs, vines, trees, or forests whatsoever. Still farther away lies the mountain known as Kailāśa, five hundred leagues large and made of silver, with many golden peaks. This is the residence of the great king Virūḍhaka. There are lotus ponds into which flow perfectly cool streams. In the ponds bloom blue lotuses and among the flowers live an abundance of swans, ducks, and cakravākas.
過雞羅娑山，有一大山，名曰峰山，緊那羅王在其山下，歌舞遊戲。於此山上有五金峰、三頗梨峰、十白銀峰，無量天花，香氣可愛。山中有河，名鳩摩羅，從山流出，多有鵝鴨鴛鴦充遍河中。
5. 302 “Farther away towers another mountain called Kailāśa Horn, which measures five hundred leagues. In its forests frolic kiṃnaras, singing songs of ecstasy. The mountain has five summits —one made of gold, another of crystal, and the remaining ones of silver. Everywhere in the ten directions the mountain is adorned with heavenly flowers and its abundant lotuses are extremely fragrant. From this mountain flows a cascading stream, and in its clear waters swim flocks of swans, ducks, and geese.
過此山已，復有大山，名彌那迦，縱廣五十由旬，多饒阿修羅住此山中，常樂歌詠。
5. 303 “Beyond that gorgeous and delightful river stands the mountain called Menko. Asuras live there, [F.191.a] as do women who have chariot-like faces and are always singing for joy.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。觀閻浮提復有何等山河海渚？彼以聞慧或以天眼：過此山已，見有大海，縱廣一萬由旬，多有大龍及堤彌魚、那迦羅魚、螺貝之類。過此海已，有一大山，名曰善意，山中有池，名曰凝酥，縱廣一由旬，其池可愛，於此池中多有鵝鴨鴛鴦、迦陵頻伽鳥。其山縱廣五十由旬，山中有河，名憍尸迦，多有水鳥莊嚴其河。過此山已，有一大海，縱廣二萬由旬，甚可怖畏，雷聲常吼，惡龍瞋恚，互相攻戰，或雨刀火、放大熾電。以瞋心故，吐毒相殺。
5. 304“The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Far beyond Jambudvīpa, are there any other mountains or rivers?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see that for ten leagues the ocean is full of nāgas, large fish, nakra monsters, crocodiles, and conches. Beyond that stands the mountain known as Excellence of Exquisite Intelligence. On that mountain lies an extremely delightful lake called Heaps of Fresh Butter, abounding with ducks and kāliṅka birds. Excellence of Exquisite Intelligence is fifty leagues high and the lake is one league across. On the mountain flows a river called Kauśikama and there are numerous streams full of the most delightful water. Far beyond that mountain stretch twenty leagues of sea where the terrifying, roaring sounds of nāgas gather the clouds. In the clouds, nāgas afflicted by anger battle one another, thus bringing down rain. As they shower down rain and lightning, they provoke the asuras. They spray venom and kill one another in fury.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。觀閻浮提，過海龍已，有一大洲，名耽婆迦，縱廣一百由旬，多有諸大惡羅剎等，食魚自活。
5. 305 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Far beyond Jambudvīpa, are there any other mountains or rivers?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see an island called Copper Holder on the far side of the sea filled with nāgas. [F.191.b] One hundred leagues large, this island is inhabited by a rākṣasī called Coppery. She eats fish and is extremely terrifying.
彼有地獄，名耽婆迦，焚燒眾生。有一大河，名憍尸迦，滿河流血，頭髮骸骨隨河而流。地獄縱廣五百由旬，受大劇苦。
5. 306 “Farther away lies an ephemeral hell called Red, where ephemeral hell beings are tormented. Two rivers flow there, Kauśika and Molten Red, and there are hellish rocks. There, across an area of one hundred leagues, ephemeral hell beings suffer terrible, burning, and excruciating sensations.
過地獄已，有一大海狀如地獄，縱廣一萬由旬，其水青黑，無龍夜叉，無乾闥婆。過此海已，北方有海，名曰寶滿，眾山圍遶，林樹無量，松栢栴檀，如意之樹，山中復有無量果樹。
5. 307 “Beyond that ephemeral hell stretch one thousand leagues of utter darkness, like a deep black sky. No nāgas, yakṣas, or gandharvas are there. Beyond that stretches an ocean full of jewels and delightful mountains. The mountains are covered with trees, heavenly woods, sandal trees, and junipers, and the trees yield anything those who stand before them may desire.
過此山已，有一大山，名曰彼岸，縱廣五千由旬，於此山中多梨那羅果、吱羅樹果，一切時果，六時具足，河池充滿鵝鴨鴛鴦，諸大仙人住在山中。山有千峰，種種眾寶莊嚴其山，山有種種毘多羅樹，皆是金樹，種種眾香。
5. 308 “On the other side of that ocean rises a mandārava mountain called Uttara. In its lovely forests of ketaka, nicūla, and nālikera trees lie abundant fruits, trees, and all manner of perfect pleasures. The numerous exquisite streams are adorned with swans, cakravākas, garuḍas, and ducks. Numerous congregations of accomplished beings travel the mountain, which is graced with a thousand summits studded with precious stones and gorgeous golden forests.
過此山已，有一大河，名曰石水，於此河中一切眾生，若草、若木、若人、非人、若禽、若獸入者如石，其河兩岸生諸竹林，名曰吱遮，風吹相揩，自然生火，燒殺無量百千眾生。
5. 309“On the far side of that richly fragrant mandārava mountain flows the river called Giver of Stones. [F.192.a] Any grass, tree, being, animal, or bird that falls into that river will turn into diamond. Along both banks of the river grow kīcaka bamboos. When fanned by the wind, they rub against each other, sparking fire. Because of this fire, hundreds of thousands of beings jump into the river.
行者復觀，過此河已，有一大河，名曰斯陀，廣十由旬，長三百由旬，無人能度，以水醎故，若有入者，身即碎裂。
5. 310 “Carefully considering the body and attending to it through the external body, the monk who is a spiritual practitioner will further wonder, ‘Far beyond Jambudvīpa, are there any other mountains or rivers?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see the river known as Sītā, which is ten leagues wide and three hundred leagues long. Any creature that falls into this ferocious river will helplessly succumb due to the freezing cold.
過此河已，有渚名閻浮摩，有乾闥婆，名曰常樂，住此渚上，多行布施，淨持禁戒，心常歡喜，離於憂惱，欲果具足。於此渚上金樹具足，毘琉璃花充滿池中，近須彌山，以山勢力，一切河水及諸禽獸皆作金色，多有無量優鉢羅花、拘物陀花，處處酒河，洋洋溢流，自然稻米，不須種殖。其渚縱廣二千由旬，過此渚已，無有一切山河樹林。
5. 311 “Beyond that river lies an island called Jambudvīpa Garland. Here live gandharvas known as the constantly infatuated. Due to their generosity and discipline they are successful. Because they observe discipline, they are constantly happy, able to move quickly, and endowed with all manner of perfect pleasures. The whole island is studded with beautiful trees, some of which are made of gold. There are also gorgeous lotus pools where flowers grow on beryl stalks. This island lies not very far from Mount Sumeru. That is why the mountains, birds, and water bodies on the island all appear golden. The blue and red lotuses there are also exquisite. [F.192.b] On the island flow numerous rivers full of drinking water and the rice grows wild. This island measures two thousand leagues.
有一大海，名水沫輪，海中多有火毒惡龍，名曰電光。過此海已，有一大山，名涅蜜沙，山中有窟，名堤彌沙，黑暗之窟，窟中多有化生龍女，初夜化生，端正具足，莊嚴其身，壽命一夜，於日出時，則皆老死。殺生餘業，故受斯報。
5. 312 “Farther away, all mountains, rivers, and trees become just like the sky and so follow three hundred leagues of frothy sea. This sea is called Garlands of Lightning and is full of flaming nāgas. On the far side of that sea lies a mountain called Closed Eye, which has a beautiful cavern called Cavern of the Closed Eye. When sunlight reaches that cave, women are miraculously born within it. All are perfectly youthful and beautifully adorned with all manner of ornaments. They live for a day and a night. As the sun rises the next morning they grow old and die. This karmic effect occurs in accordance with the act of killing.
過此山已，復有一山，名曰蘇摩祇利，縱廣五百由旬。過此山已，有一大山，名須彌等，縱廣五百由旬，於此山北，有一大林，名吱多迦林，有羅剎名曰惡夢，住在此林，其行速疾，於眴目頃，能行至於百千由旬，為諸眾生作不利益、作不安樂。
5. 313 “Beyond the mountain with the Cavern of the Closed Eye looms Moon Mountain, which has a golden color and measures five hundred leagues. There is also a mountain known as Sumeru Rival, likewise five hundred leagues tall. On the northern side of that mountain lies a ketaka forest inhabited by the rākṣasī known as Dream Obstructor. She runs extremely fast and can cover thousands of leagues in the wink of an eye, causing misfortune, unhappiness, and harm to people.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。觀閻浮提、欝單越二國中間，復有何等山河海渚？何處頗有不生不死、非退非滅、非業因緣、非愛別離、非怨憎會？
5. 314“The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Are there any other mountains, rivers, or oceans between Jambudvīpa and Kuru in the north? [F.193.a] Might there be a place where we would not be born, would not die, would not pass away and transmigrate, would not be born again, and would not go as determined by our karmic actions? Might there be somewhere where all that is dear and delightful would not be lost, vanish, disappear, and be gone?’
是故於生死中得生厭離，應離縛著者，以求解脫，厭於生死，於生死中勿生貪樂，莫與愛心而共遊戲，勿以愛網而自纏縛，莫樂生死。
5. 315 “He will then perceive that there is no such place, not even one the size of a fingernail: ‘There is no place where all that is pleasant and delightful will not be lost, destroyed, taken away, and be gone. Therefore, with the greatest haste, I must now free myself from all my desire for all conditioned factors! I shall be free! I shall make sure to have no regrets! I shall not have any attachment to cyclic existence! I must not be caught by the noose of craving! I shall not have any fondness for cyclic existence!
一切生死熾然大苦，憂悲苦惱、愛別離苦、怨憎會苦大火熾然，於地獄、餓鬼、畜生、天、人之中無常變壞，癡人貪著，謂之為樂，應生厭離，莫住魔境，勿與煩惱而共遊戲，後生悔心。如是修行者隨順觀外身，如實見於生死，不住魔境，離於垢濁，離疑曠野。
This cyclic existence is ablaze, painful, unhappy, and exhausting. The fires that make us encounter what we do not want and lose what we want are going to take me to the realms of hell beings, starving spirits, and animals. The happiness that is experienced in the realms of gods and humans keeps shifting. There is no happiness in that, and I will only stay enveloped in ignorance. Therefore, I must feel sadness about all this. Now, I shall no longer spin in that circle, no longer stay in the domain of the māras! I will no longer entertain myself with afflictions! I must not have any future regrets!’ In this way, the spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will not be ruled by the māras. He will see reality just as it is, become free from attachment to all conditioned factors, [F.193.b] relinquish the afflictions, separate from karmic action, and become free from doubt.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。觀閻浮提北方，復有何等山河海渚？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：有大山，名俱翅羅吱羅，縱廣三十由旬，高十由旬，於彼山中無量百千俱翅羅鳥。青無憂樹、赤無憂樹、七葉花樹、軍陀羅樹、賢迦曇婆婆花、那摩利花、金余提迦花、蘇摩那花、深婆羅花、多羅花、卑陵伽花、鳩迦華、瞻婆花、軍陀親命花、婆利師迦花，隨其時節皆自敷榮。或於異時，鬘持天眾離本住處，遊戲此山；有諸夜叉住此山中歡喜受樂，不惱天眾。
5. 316 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Are there any other mountains or rivers toward Kuru, north of Jambudvīpa?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see a mountain called Endowed with the Songs of Cuckoo Birds, which is thirty leagues high and ten leagues wide. Many hundreds of cuckoos live all over the mountain and there are blue aśoka trees, red aśoka trees, seven-leafers, kodāla, kadambas, old aśokale, garlands of fresh flowers, suvarna-yūthikas, śālmalis, tālapriyam, born-of-guṃkuṭa, cambakas, kundas, bhandujīvas, and summer flowers. This mountain is covered with flowers according to the seasons. Garland-bearer gods at times leave their abode on Sumeru to celebrate there. Because the mountain is so delightful, the gods enjoy themselves with song, dance, and music. Nevertheless, their minds do not become distracted there.
於此山中多有俱翅羅鳥。過此山已，有大海濱，名曰鵝住，其中多有百千鵝群，無量蓮花，如是海濱鵝鴨鴛鴦、珠嘴之鳥、民那羅鳥、咽喉鳥等，其蓮花色如融金聚，十千由旬，諸蜂圍遶遍覆其上。
5. 317 “On the other side of Endowed with the Songs of Cuckoo Birds lies a lake known as Swan Forest where hundreds of thousands of swans flock. The area abounds with lotus flowers and in the lake live ducks, cakravākas, kadambas, jewel-beaked birds, birds with fresh stems around their necks, and so forth. [F.194.a] Covered with lotuses the color of blazing gold, this area extends ten thousand leagues.
過此以北，有欝單越，有一大海縱廣千由旬，多有大魚，堤彌鯢魚、那迦羅魚、失收摩羅瓮魚、龜等，滿大海中，其水青色猶如虛空，深十千由旬，螺貝之母住此水中，身廣十里，水下有山。螺有大力，敵千象力，墮山峯上，則皆破碎。過此海已，有一大海，名曰乳海，縱廣五千由旬，洪波常起，大惡毒龍，常如雷聲。
5. 318 “Farther north in the direction of Mount Sumeru stretch one thousand leagues of sea filled with fish, great fish, nakra monsters, makara monsters, infant-eating crocodiles, and turtles. Everywhere the sea is blue like the sky, reaching a depth of one thousand leagues. Within it live solitary conches that measure up to a mile in size. These creatures are extremely powerful, consuming the summits of the submarine mountains. Each possesses the power of an elephant. Farther away extend five thousand leagues of sea known as Milky Waters, always billowing with frothing waves and full of vicious and extremely aggressive nāgas who roar in the clouds.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。觀閻浮提北，復有何等山河海渚？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：諸大山其數五百，金銀頗梨一千由旬，近欝單越，多有蓮花，如日初出。
5. 319 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Are there any other mountains or rivers north of Jambudvīpa?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see five hundred mountains made of gold, red gold, and crystal. Extending three thousand leagues, this land bears the color of the morning sun on Kuru in the north and is full of lotuses and lotus ponds.
過此山已，有一大國，名曰乳旋，山河園林多有鳥獸，夜叉止住，心常歡喜，多有花樹，眾物具足。
5. 320 “Farther away lies a resplendent land known as Just Like Milk, [F.194.b] full of forests, parks, deer, and birds of numerous kinds. Inhabited by guhyaka gods, this lovely land is lush with trees of various kinds and flowers in full bloom.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。觀閻浮提北，復有何等山河海渚？彼以聞慧或以天眼觀：閻浮提及欝單越二國中間，更無有國。欝單越國縱廣十千由旬，三十六億聚落可愛，三十六億所受之樂，少減四天王天。
5. 321 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘Might there be any other mountains or rivers between Kuru in the north and the northern reaches of Jambudvīpa?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then see that there is no land between the two continents. Therefore, what lies beyond is the northern continent of Kuru, which extends one thousand leagues and is densely inhabited, featuring three hundred and sixty million towns. This continent is extremely delightful, even when compared to the realms of other classes of beings.
天無骨肉垢汗，天亦不眴，欝單越人有骨肉垢汗，目有視眴，無我、我所亦無我慢，死則決定生於天上，離慢諂曲，不起姤嫉，心常歡喜，不畏夜叉羅剎、毘舍遮鬼、鳩槃荼鬼、師子虎豹、夜叉惡龍惡蟲之類，亦無荒儉、寒熱飢渴疾病，遠離一切怨家恐怖，互相愛敬，不為妨礙，無有王賊水火刀兵之畏。金樹光明，晝夜不別。金鳥銀鳥、珊瑚之鳥，若樹若鳥種種雜色，歡喜如人，雖無心識亦如人法。
Except for the fact that they have bodies made of flesh, bone, and lymph, the humans on Kuru have no reason to feel intimidated before the gods of the Heaven of the Four Great Kings. The gods, however, do not close their eyes. The people of Kuru in the north have bodies made of skin, flesh, bone, and lymph, and they do close their eyes. They have no sense of ‘mine,’ nor do they feel pride, and when they die, they are certain to be born among the gods. They know nofalsity, deception, envy, or conceit, but are always perfectly happy. They are completely spared of rākṣasīs, piśācas, khumbāṇḍas, lions, tigers, leopards, jackals, nāgas, mahoragas, hooded serpents, starvation, heat, cold, hunger, thirst, disease, [F.195.a] or lack of rain due to the interference of gods. They enjoy themselves in each other’s company and are free from the terrors of kings, robbers, water, fire, or showers of weapons. Because of the light that the golden trees cast, there is no noticeable difference between day and night. The trees there are made of gold, red gold, coral, and silver. The birds on Kuru display various emanations of their bodies and they are always ecstatic, just like the humans there. Even the trees there appear to have a mind.
復次，修行者隨順觀外身。觀欝單越復有何等可愛味耶？彼以聞慧或以天眼見：欝單越有十大山，何等為十？一名僧迦賒山；二名等峯山；三名陀摩勿力伽山；四名白雲持山；五名高聚山；六名普鬘山；七名時節樂山；八名持歡喜山；九名如意山；十名俱賒耶舍山。是名十大山。欝單越國大海周匝，如閻浮提有四大山。何等為四？一名雪山；二名民陀山；三名摩羅耶山；四名雞羅娑山。欝單越國十種大山亦復如是。
5. 322 “The spiritual practitioner who carefully considers the body and attends to it through the external body will further wonder, ‘What other enjoyments and tremendous delights might be found on Kuru in the north?’ With insight derived from hearing or by seeing with the divine eye, he will then notice ten great mountains on the northern continent of Kuru: Saṅkāśa, Equal Peaks, Tamer of Deer Enemies, White Cloud Keeper, Lofty Summit, Garland- Draped, Seasonal Joy, Holder of Joy, Delightful, and Endowed with Lotuses. These ten great mountains encircle Kuru in the north toward the sea. Just like four mountains —Himavat, Vindhya, Malaya, and Kailāśa —surround Jambudvīpa, those ten great mountains encircle Kuru. [F.195.b]
