2012年12月28日 星期五

集論39--諦品-苦諦


大乘阿毘達磨集論決擇分中諦品第一之一[athābhidharmasamuccayaśāstre viniścayasamuccaye satyaparicchedaḥ prathamaḥ // ]
乙二、決擇分(分二科) 丙一、彰此分總有四品
云何決擇?略說決擇有四種:謂諦決擇、法決擇、得決擇、論議決擇。viniścayaḥ katamaḥ / satyaviniścayo dharmaviniścayaḥ prāptiviniśca sāṃkathyaviniścayaśca //

丙二、隨標廣釋(分四科) 丁一、諦品(分三科)戊一、總標諦決擇有四 
云何諦決擇?謂四聖諦:苦諦、集諦、滅諦、道諦。satyaviniścayaḥ katamaḥ / catvāyāryasatyāni duḥkhaṃ samudayo nirodho mārgaśca /

戊二、隨標釋(分四科)己一、苦諦(分二科)庚一、出苦諦體性(分二科)辛一、略唯顯體性(分二科) 壬一、解苦諦相(分二科)癸一、總標 
云何苦諦?謂有情生及生所依處。 duḥkhasatyaṃ katasat / tatsattvajanmato janmādhiṣṭānataśca veditavyam /

癸二、別釋(分三科)子一、解有情生(分二科)丑一、總標生趣 
何等有情生?即有情世間:謂諸有情生在那落迦、傍生、餓鬼、人、天趣中。sattvajanma katamat / narakasattvajanmatiryakpreteṣu manuṣyeṣu

丑二、別釋人天(分二科)寅一、人
人謂東毘提訶、西瞿陀尼、南贍部洲、北俱盧洲。pūrvavideheṣvapagodānīyeṣu jāmbūdvīpeṣu uttareṣu kuruṣu

寅二、天(分三科)卯一、欲界天
天謂四大王眾天、三十三天、夜摩天、覩史多天、樂變化天、他化自在天,deveṣu caturmā(hā)rājakāyikeṣu trāyastriṃśeṣu yāmeṣu tuṣiteṣu nirmāṇaratiṣu paranirmitavaśavartiṣu
卯二、色界天
梵眾天、梵輔天、大梵天,少光天、無量光天、極光淨天,少淨天、無量淨天、遍淨天,無雲天、福生天、廣果天,無想有情天、無煩天、無熱天、善現天、善見天、色究竟天。brahmapurohiteṣu mahābrāhmeṣuparīttābheṣva (pramāṇābheṣu ābhāsvareṣu parīttaśubheṣva)pramāṇaśubheṣu śubhakṛtsneṣvanabhrakeṣu puṇyaprasaveṣu vṛhatphaleṣva saṃjñisattveṣvabṛheṣvatapeṣu sudṛśeṣu sudarśaneṣvakaniṣṭheṣv

卯三、無色界天
無邊空處天、無邊識處天、無所有處天、非想非非想處天。ākāśānantyāyataneṣu
vijñānānantyāyataneṣvākiñcanyāyataneṣu naivasaṃjñānāsaṃjñāyataneṣu //

子二、解生所依處(分二科) 丑一、釋三千大千世界處別
何等生所依處?即器世間,謂水輪依風輪,地輪依水輪,依此地輪有蘇迷盧山、七金山、四大洲、八小洲、內海、外海。蘇迷盧山四外層級,四大王眾天、三十三天所居處別;外輪圍山虛空宮殿,若夜摩天、覩史多天、樂變化天、他化自在天。及色界天所居處別;諸阿素洛所居處別,及諸那落迦所居處別,謂熱那落迦、寒那落迦、孤獨那落迦、及一分傍生、餓鬼所居處別,乃至一日一月周遍流光所照方處,名一世界。如是千世界中有千日、千月、千蘇迷盧山王、千四大洲、千四大王眾天、千三十三天、千夜摩天、千覩史多天、千樂變化天、千他化自在天、千梵世天,如是總名小千世界,千小千界總名第二中千世界,千中千界總名第三大千世界。如此三千大千世界總有大輪圍山周帀圍繞。janmādhiṣṭhānaṃ katamat / bhājanalokaḥ / vāyumaṇḍale apmaṇḍalampratiṣṭhitam / apmaṇḍale pṛthivīmaṇḍalam / pṛthivīmaṇḍale sumeruḥ saptakāñcanaparvatāḥ catvāro dvīpāḥ aṣṭāvantaradvīpāḥ abhyantaraḥ samudro vāhyasamudraścatasraḥ sumerupariṣaṇḍāḥ caturmahārājakāyikānāṃ vāpastriṃśānāṃ sthānāntarāṇi cakracāḍaḥ parvataḥ ākāśe vimānāni yāmānāṃ tuṣitānāṃ nirmāṇaratīnāṃ paranirmitavaśavarttināṃ devānāṃ rūpāvacarāṇāṃ ca asurāṇāṃ sthānāntarāṇi nārakāṇāṃ sthānāntarāṇi / uṣṇanarakāḥśītanarakāḥ pratyekanarakāśca tadekatyānāṃ ca tiryakpretānāṃ sthānāntarāṇi yāvadādityāḥ paricaranto diśo 'vabhāsayante vairocanāstāvatsāhasrake loke sahasraṃ candrāṇāṃ sahasraṃ sūryaṇāṃ sahasraṃ sumerūṇāṃ parvatarājāṇāṃ sahasraṃ caturṇāṃ dvīpānāṃ sahasraṃ caturmahārājakāyikānāṃ devānāṃ sahasraṃ trāyastriṃśānāṃ sahasraṃ yāmānāṃ sahasraṃ tuṣitānāṃ sahasraṃ nirmāṇaratīnāṃ sahasraṃ paranirmitavaśavarttināṃ sahasraṃ brahmalaukikānāmidamucyate sahasracūḍiko lokadhātuḥ // sahasraṃ sahasracūḍikānāṃ dhātūnāmucyate dvitīyo (Abhidh-s 37) madhyamasāhasro lokadhātuḥ // sahasraṃ madhyamasāhasradhātūnāmucyate tṛtīyo mahāsāhasro lokadhātuḥ /

丑二、釋其成壞 
又此三千大千世界同壞同成譬如天雨,滴如車軸無間無斷從空下注,如是東方無間無斷無量世界或有將壞、或有將成,或有正壞、或壞已住,或有正成、或成已住,如於東方乃至一切十方亦爾。 evaṃ sa trisāhasro mahāsāhasro lokadhātuḥ mahācakravāḍa parvatamaṇḍala pariveṣṭitaḥ / sa ca trisāhasramahāsāhasro lokadhātuḥ saprasaṃvarttavivarttaḥ / tathā ca devaḥ cakrākārān vṛṣṭivindūn nirantaraṃ niravacchinna mākāśād varṣati / tathā ca pūrvasyāṃ diśi nirantaraṃ niravacchinna mapramāṇo lokadhātuḥ saṃvarttiṣyate vā vivarttiṣyate vā saṃvarttate vā saṃvṛttastiṣṭhati vā vivarttate vā vivṛttastiṣṭhati vā / yathā pūrvasyāṃ diśi tathā sarvāsu daśasu dikṣu /

子三、釋二世間所由生起 
若有情世間、若器世間業煩惱力所生故,業煩惱增上所起故總名苦諦。yaśca sattvaloko yaśca bhājanalokaḥ karmakleśaḥ janitaḥ karmakleśādhipateyaśca sarvamucyate duḥkhasatyam /

壬二、解非苦諦攝淨土相 
復有清淨世界非苦諦攝,非業煩惱力所生故,非業煩惱增上所起故,然由大願清淨善根增上所引。此所生處不可思議唯佛所覺,尚非得靜慮者靜慮境界況尋思者。pariśuddhalokadhātustu na duḥkhasatyasaṃgṛhīḥto na karmakleśa janitaḥ na karmakleśādhipateyaśca / kevalaṃ mahāpraṇidhānena vyavadānakuśalamūlādhipatinā ākṛṣyate tadutpattisthānaṃ cācintyaṃ kevalaṃ buddhena budhyate na dhyāyināṃ dhyānagocaraḥ kiṃ punaḥ cintayatām //

辛二、廣顯諸經所說苦相差別(分二科)壬一、明八苦(分四科)癸一、總標 
復次苦相差別有八:謂生苦、老苦、病苦、死苦、怨憎會苦、愛別離苦、求不得苦、略攝一切五取蘊苦。api khalu duḥkhalakṣaṇaprabhedā aṣṭau / "jātirduḥkhaṃ jarā duḥkhaṃ vyādhiduḥkhaṃ maraṇaṃ duḥkham apriyasaṃprayogo duḥkhaṃ priyaviprayogo duḥkhaṃ yadapīcchanna labhate tadapi duḥkhaṃ saṃkṣiptena pañcopādānaskandhā duḥkham" //

癸二、別釋(分八科)子一、生苦  
生何因苦?眾苦所逼故、餘苦所依故。jātiḥ kimupādāya duḥkham / saṃbādhaduḥkhatāṃ tadanyaduḥkhāśrayatāṃ copādāya /

子二、老苦
老何因苦?時分變壞苦故。jarā kimupādāya duḥkham / kāle viparīṇatiduḥkhatāmupādāya //

子三、病苦
病何因苦?大種變異苦故。 vyādhi kimupādāya duḥkham / bhūteṣu viparīṇatiduḥkhatāmupādāya //

子四、死苦
死何因苦?夀命變壞苦故。maraṇaṃ kimupādāya duḥkham / jīvitavipraṇāśaduḥkhatāmupādāya //

子五、怨憎會苦
怨憎會何因苦?合會生苦故。apriyasaṃprayogaḥ kimupādāya duḥkham / saṃyogaja duḥkhatāmupādāya //

子六、愛別離苦
愛別離何因苦?別離生苦故。priyaviprayogaḥ kimupādāya duḥkham / viprayogaja duḥkhatāmupadāya //

子七、求不得苦
求不得何因苦?所希不果生苦故。 yadapīcchanna labhate tat kimupādāya duḥkham / kāmyaphalābhāvaja duḥkhatāmupādāya //

子八、略攝一切五取蘊苦
略攝一切五取蘊何因苦?粗重苦故。saṃkṣiptenapañcopādānaskandhāḥ kimupādāya duḥkham / dauṣṭhulyaduḥkhatāmupādāya //

癸三、明八苦與六苦相攝
如是八種略攝為六:謂逼迫苦、轉變苦、合會苦、別離苦、所希不果苦、粗重苦;如是六種廣開為八,若六、若八平等平等。evamaṣṭau saṃgṛhītāni ṣaḍ bhavanti / saṃvādhaduḥkhaṃ vipariṇati duḥkhaṃ saṃprayogaduḥkhaṃ viprayogaduḥkhaṃ kāmyaphalābhāvaduḥkhaṃ dauṣṭhulyaduḥkhaṃ ca //evaṃ ṣaḍ bāhulyenāṣṭau bhavanti / (Abhidh-s 38) ṣaḍ samānānyaṣṭau bhavanti //

癸四、明八苦與三苦相攝(分二科)子一、問 
如說三苦,此中八苦為三攝八、八攝三耶?yaduktaṃ tisro duḥkhatāḥ / tāsu aṣṭau duḥkhāni saṃgṛhitāni bhavanti / tatra kathaṃ tisṛṣu saṃgṛhītānyaṣṭau aṣṭasu vā saṃgṛhītāstisraḥ /

子二、答(分三科)丑一、前五苦能顯苦苦
展轉相攝,所謂生苦、老苦、病苦、死苦、怨憎會苦能顯苦苦,pāraṃparṣalakṣaṇa saṃgrahāt / jātirdukhaṃ jarā duḥkhaṃ vyādhirduḥkhaṃ maraṇaṃ duḥkham apriyasaṃprayogo duḥkhamiti santānaduḥkhaduḥkhatā /

丑二、次二苦能顯壞苦
愛別離苦、求不得苦能顯壞苦,priyaviprayogo duḥkhaṃ yadapīcchanna labhate tadapi duḥkhaṃ tadvipariṇāmaduḥkhatā /

丑三、後一苦能顯行苦
略攝一切五取蘊苦能顯行苦。saṃkṣiptena pañcopādānaskandhā duḥkhaṃ tat saṃskāraduḥkhatā //

壬二、明二苦(分二科)癸一、問 
如說二苦,謂世俗諦苦、勝義諦苦。何者世俗諦苦、何者勝義諦苦?yaduktaṃ dvividhe duḥkhe iti / tat saṃvṛtisatyena duḥkhaṃ paramārthasatyena duḥkhaṃ ca / katamat saṃvṛtisatyena duḥkhaṃ katamat paramārthasatyena duḥkham /

癸二、答(分二科)子一、世俗諦苦  
謂生苦乃至求不得苦是世俗諦苦,jātirduḥkhaṃ yāvat yadapīcchann labhate tadapi duḥkhamiti saṃvṛtisatyena duḥkham /

子二、勝義諦苦 
略攝一切五取蘊苦是勝義諦苦。yaduktaṃ saṃkṣiptena pañcopādānaskandhā duḥkhamiti paramārthasatyena duḥkham //

庚二、辨苦諦四行(分二科)辛一、解四共相(分二科)壬一、標
云何苦諦共相?謂無常相、苦相、空相、無我相。duḥkhasatyasya sāmānyalakṣaṇaṃ katamat / anityalakṣaṇaṃ duḥkhalakṣaṇaṃ śūnyalakṣaṇamanātmalakṣaṇaṃ ca //

壬二、釋(分四科)癸一、釋無常相(分二科)子一、略標十二種無常
何等無常相?略有十二:謂非有相、壞滅相、變異相、別離相、現前相、法爾相、剎那相、相續相、病等相、種種心行轉相、資產興衰相、器世成壞相。anityalakṣaṇaṃ katamat / samāsato dvādaśavidham / asallakṣaṇaṃ vināśalakṣaṇaṃ vipariṇatilakṣaṇaṃ viyogalakṣaṇaṃ sannihitalakṣaṇaṃdharmatālakṣaṇaṃ kṣaṇalakṣaṇaṃ prabandhalakṣaṇaṃ vyādhyādi lakṣaṇaṃ cittacittākāravṛttilakṣaṇaṃ bhogasaṃpattirvipatti lakṣaṇaṃ bhājanalokasaṃvarttavivarttalakṣaṇam //

子二、別釋(分三科)丑一、初七種通內外(分二科)寅一、觀所無 
何等非有相?謂蘊界處於一切時我、我所性常非有故。 asallakṣaṇaṃ katamat / skandhadhātvāyataneṣu sarvakāli kātmātmīyatā nityābhāvaḥ //

寅二、觀所有(分三科)卯一、觀微細無常(分二科)辰一、壞滅相 
何等壞滅相?謂諸行生已即滅、暫有還無故。vināśalakṣaṇaṃ katamat / saṃskārāṇāmutpannānāṃ nirodhaḥ /

辰二、變異相
何等變異相?謂諸行異異生,由不相似相續轉故。 taktālaṃ bhūtvābhāvaḥ // vipariṇatilakṣaṇaṃ katamat / saṃskārāṇāmanyathābhāvaḥ / prabandhāsādṛśyena pravṛttiḥ //

卯二、觀外麤無常
何等別離相?謂於諸行失增上力,或他所攝執為己有。 viyogalakṣaṇaṃ katamat / saṃskāreṣu vaśitvabhraṃśaḥ paraiḥsvīkaraṇaṃ vā /

卯三、觀世無常(分三科)辰一、現前相
何等現前相?謂正處無常,由因隨逐今受無常故。sannihitalakṣaṇaṃ katamat / samupasthitānityatā / yattadānīmevānubhūyamānānityatā //

辰二、法爾相 
何等法爾相?謂當來無常,由因隨逐定當受故。dharmatālakṣaṇaṃ katamat / āgāminyanityatā / yāmāvaśyamanubhaviṣyati //

辰三、剎那相
何等剎那相?謂諸行剎那後必不住故。kṣaṇalakṣaṇaṃ katamat / saṃskārāṇāṃ kṣaṇādūrddhamanavasthānam //

丑二、次三種唯內(分三科)寅一、相續相
何等相續相?謂無始時來諸行生滅相續不斷故。prabandhalakṣaṇaṃ katamat / anādimati saṃskāre utpannaniruddhā nāṃ prabandhāprahāṇam //

寅二、病等相
何等病等相?謂四大、時分、夀命變異故。vyadhyādi lakṣaṇa katamat / (Abhidh-s 39) caturṇāṃ bhūtānāṃ kālopabhogaḥ jīvitavipariṇāmaḥ /

寅三、種種心行轉相
何等種種心行轉相?謂於一時起有貪心或於一時起離貪心,如是有瞋離瞋、有癡離癡、若略若散、若下若舉、若掉離掉、若不寂靜若寂靜、若定不定,如是等心行流轉故。cittacittākāra vṛttilakṣaṇaṃ katamat / kadācit sārāgaṃ cittaṃ saṃbhavati kadācid vītarāgaṃ cittaṃ saṃbhavati / yadvat sadveṣaṃ vā vītadveṣaṃ vā samohaṃ vā vītamohaṃ vā saṃkṣiptaṃ vā vihisāṃ vā nimnaṃ vā unnataṃ vā uddhataṃ vā anuddhataṃ vā upaśāntaṃ vā anupaśāntaṃ vā samāhita vā asamāhitaṃ vā / evamādi cittasaṃsāravṛttiḥ //

丑三、後二種唯外(分二科)寅一、資產興衰相
何等資產興衰相?謂諸興盛終歸衰變故。bhogasaṃpattivipatti lakṣaṇaṃ katamat / saṃpattīnāmante vipattirvināśaḥ /

寅二、器世成壞相(分三科)卯一、所成壞
何等器世成壞相?謂火、水、風三種成壞,bhājanalokasaṃvartta vivartta lakṣaṇaṃ katamat / agnyambuvāyubhistrividhaḥ saṃvarttavivarttaḥ /

卯二、明災頂(分二科)辰一、由外災成壞處所
有三災頂,謂第二、第三、第四靜慮,tisṛṇāṃ saṃvarttarnānāṃ śīrṣāṇi dvitīya tṛtīya caturthadhyānāni /

辰二、不由外災成壞處所 
第四靜慮外宮殿等雖無外災成壞,然彼諸天與宮殿等俱生俱滅說有成壞。caturthadhyāne vāhyānāṃ vimānānāṃ tu vāhyābhāvat eva saṃvarttavivarttaḥ /kevalaṃ tairdevaiḥ tāni vimānāni saha nirvarttante saha nirudhyante etaducyate saṃvartta vivarttaḥ //

卯三、明小中大劫(分二科)辰一、正釋小中大劫(分三科)巳一、明小三災
復有三種中劫,所謂饑饉、疫病、刀兵,此小三災劫究竟满方乃出現; api khalu trayo 'ntarakalpāḥ durbhikṣavyādhiśastrairbhavanti /hīnasya trividhakalpāsyānte taiḥ śastrādibhirniryāṇaṃ bhavati /

巳二、明中劫(分二科)午一、明人壽增減
謂世界成已,一中劫初唯減,一中劫後唯增,十八中劫亦增亦減,yadālokadhātuḥ saṃvṛtto bhavati / eko 'ntarakalpa prathamaḥ apakarṣaḥ / ekāntarakalpaḥ paścima utkarṣaḥ / aṣṭādaśa antarakalpā utkarṣāpakaya /

午二、明世界成壞 
二十中劫世界正壞,二十中劫世界壞已住,二十中劫世界正成,二十中劫世界成已住。evaṃ ca viṃśatimantarakalpān lokadhātuḥ saṃvarttate / viṃśatimātarakalpāt lokadhāturvivarttate / viṃśatimantarakalpān lokadhāturvivṛttastiṣṭhati /

巳三、明大劫
合此八十中劫為一大劫。saṃkalikāścaite 'śītirantarakalpā eko mahākalpo bhavati /

辰二、兼顯色無色諸天壽量(分二科)巳一、正明由劫顯壽  
由此劫數顯色、無色界諸天壽量, tayā kalpasaṃkhyāyā rūpārūpyācarāṇāṃ devānāmāyuḥpramāṇaṃ varṇyate //

巳二、附釋三種死沒(分二科)午一、引經 
如說以壽盡故、福盡故、業盡故彼彼有情從彼彼處沒。yaduktam anyatare, sattvā āyuḥkṣayād vā puṇya kṣayād vā karmakṣayād vā tasmādadhiṣṭhānāt cyavante iti /

午二、釋義(分三科)未一、壽盡
云何壽盡?謂時死;tatra āyudāyaḥ katamaḥ / kāle maraṇam /

未二、福盡
云何福盡?謂非時死即非福死,以彼有情貪著定味福力減盡因此命終;puṇyakṣayaḥ katamaḥ / akāle maraṇam apuṇyamaraṇam / yena sattvā āsvāda samāpattyāṃ rajyante / puṇyakṣayācca hetoḥ te jīvitāccyavante /

未三、業盡
云何業盡?謂順生受業、順後受業俱盡故死。karmakṣayaḥ katamaḥ / upapadyavedanīyakarmaṇaḥ aparaparyāvedanīyakarmaṇaśca ubhayo kṣayānmaraṇa /

癸二、釋苦相(分二科)子一、辨別指前
何等苦相?謂或三苦、或八苦、或六苦廣說如前是名苦相。duḥkhalakṣaṇaṃ katamat / tisro duḥkhatāḥ aṣṭākā vā duḥkhaṃ ṣaḍākāraṃ vā (Abhidh-s 40) duḥkhaṃ bāhulyena pūrvamuktaṃ tad duḥkhaṃ nāma /

子二、釋經意(分二科)丑一、引經 
何故經說若無常者即是苦耶?kiṃ pratītyasūtre uktaṃ yadanityaṃ tad duḥkhamiti /

丑二、以三復次釋(分三科)寅一、初以三無常釋(分二科)卯一、釋(分三科)辰一、生分無常
由三分無常為緣苦相可了知故;謂生分無常為緣苦苦性可了知故,ubhayāṃśikīmanityatāṃ pratītya duḥkhalakṣaṇaṃ prajñāyate / utpādāṃśikīmanityatāṃ pratītya duḥkhaduḥkhatā prajñāyate /

辰二、滅分無常 
滅分無常為緣壞苦性可了知故, vyayāṃśikīmanityatāṃ pratītya vipariṇāmaduḥkhatā prajñāyate /

辰三、俱分無常
俱分無常為緣行苦性可了知故。 ubhayāṃśīkimanityatāṃ pratītya saṃskāraduḥkhatā prajñāyate //

卯二、引證成前 
即依此義薄伽梵說諸行無常,諸行變壞,又依此義言諸所有受我說皆苦。tathā ca saṃskārānityatāṃ saṃskāravipariṇāmatāṃ ca saṃdhāyoktaṃ bhagavatā mayā yatkiṃcid veditamidamatra duḥkhasyeti //

寅二、第二復次
又於生滅二法所隨諸行中有生等八苦性可了知,故佛說言若無常者即是苦。api khalu utpādavyayadharmadvayānugateṣu saṃskāreṣu jātyādayo 'ṣṭau duḥkhāni / prajñāyante ityabhisaṃdhāya buddhena bhāṣitaṃ yadanityaṃ tad duḥkhamiti /

寅三、第三復次 
又於無常諸行中有生等苦可了知者,如來依此密意說言由無常故苦,非一切行。api ca anityeṣu saṃskāreṣu jātyādikaṃ duḥkhaṃ prajñāyate iti anityato duḥkhaṃ na sarve saṃskārā ityatrādhisandhirveditavyaḥ //

癸三、釋空相(分二科)子一、正明空性(分二科)丑一、總明空有
何等空相?謂若於是處此非有,由此理正觀為空;若於是處餘是有,由此理如實知有;是名善入空性。如實知者不顛倒義。śūnyatālakṣaṇaṃ katamat / teṣu tasya abhāvaḥ / anena nayena samanupaśyanāśūnyatā / punaḥ teṣu anyasya bhāvaḥ / anena nayena yathābhūtajñānabhāvaḥ / etad vatāraśūnyatocyate / yathābhūtajñānamaviparīto 'rthaḥ /

丑二、別釋空有(分三科)寅一、別明空(分二科)卯一、問
於何處誰非有?teṣu abhāvaḥ katamaḥ /

卯二、答
於蘊界處常恒凝住不變壞法我我所等非有,由此理彼皆是空。skandhadhātvāyataneṣu nityadhruvakūṭasthāvipariṇāmadharmātmātmīyābhāvaḥ / anena nayena teṣāṃ śūnyatā /

寅二、別明有(分二科)卯一、問 
於何處誰餘有?teṣu anyasya bhāvaḥ katamaḥ /

卯二、答
即此處無我性,此我無性、無我有性是謂空性,故薄伽梵密意說言:有如實知有,無如實知無。te ṣveva nairātmyam / tacca ātmano nāstitā anātmano 'stitā satī śūnyatā // etadabhisaṃdhāyoktaṃ bhagavatā sato yathābhūtajñānaṃ bhāvaḥ / asato yathābhūtajñānamabhāvaḥ //

子二、別明三種空性(分二科)丑一、標列
復有三種空性:謂自性空性、如性空性、真性空性。api khalu trividhā śūnyatā / svabhāvaśūnyatā tathābhāvaśūnyatā prakṛtiśūnyatā ca /

丑二、別釋
初依遍計所執自性觀,第二依依他起自性觀,第三依圓成實自性觀。 ādyā parikalpitā draṣṭavyā / tṛtīyā pariniṣpannasvabhāvā draṣṭavyā //

癸四、釋無我相(分二科)子一、正釋無我相
何等無我相?謂如我論者所立我相,蘊界處非此相,由蘊界處我相無故名無我相。anātmalakṣaṇaṃ katamat / yathātmavāde sthitasya ātmalakṣaṇasya skandhadhātvāyataneṣu (Abhidh-s 41) tallakṣaṇasyābhāvaḥ / skandhadhātvāyataneṣu ātmalakṣaṇābhāvatāmupādāya / idamucyate anātmalakṣaṇam //

子二、引經證成(分二科)丑一、證無我 
故薄伽梵密意說言一切法皆無我。etadabhisaṃghāyoktaṃ bhagavatā sarve dharmā anātmāna iti //

丑二、證非我相(分三科) 寅一、總觀義 
如世尊說:此一切非我所,此非我處,此非我我,於如是義應以正慧如實觀察,此言何義?api coktaṃ bhagavatā naitat sarvaṃ mama naiṣo 'hamasmi na me sa ātmā iti / evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ saṃprajñāya draṣṭhavyam iti tasya ko 'rtha uktaḥ /

寅二、別釋經
謂於外事密意說此一切非我所,於內事密意說此非我處、此非我我所。bahirdhāvastabhisaṃdhāyoktaṃ naitat sarvaṃ mameti /

寅三、結成
所以者何?以於外事唯計我所相是故但遣我所,於內事遍計我我所相是故雙遣我我所。kuta etat / bahirdhāvastuni kalpitātmīyalakṣaṇam / ataḥ ātmīyaniṣkarṣaṇam / adhyātmavastuni parikalpitātmātmīyalakṣaṇam / ata ātmātmīyobhayaniṣkarṣaṇam /

辛二、重逐難釋(分二科)壬一、廣前無常(分二科)癸一、逐難釋外器無常(分二科)子一、問
前說無常皆剎那相此云何知?pūrvamuktam anityaṃ kṣaṇalakṣaṇamiti / tat kathaṃ jñāyate /

子二、答(分二科)丑一、總標 
如心心所是剎那相,當知色等亦剎那相。yathā cittacaitasikānāṃ kṣaṇikatā tathā rūpādīnāmapi kṣaṇikatā draṣṭavyā /

丑二、別以八故釋色等念念滅
由心執受故、等心安危故、隨心轉變故、是心所依故、心增上生故、心自在轉故。又於最後位變壞可得故、生已不待緣自然滅壞故,當觀色等亦念念滅。cittopāttatāmupādāya cittaikayogakṣematāmupādāya cittavikāratadvikāratāmupādāya cittāśrayatāmudāpādāya cittādhipatyasaṃbhūtatāmupādāya cittvaśavarttināṃ copādāya // api khalu atyantavikāropālabdhitāmupādāya utpannasya cānapekṣya pratyayaṃ svarasavināśitāmupādāya rūpasyāpi kṣaṇikatā draṣṭavyā //

癸二、釋麤細色(分二科)子一、釋大造(分二科)丑一、問
如世尊說:諸所有色彼一切若四大種、若四大種所造,此依何意說?yaduktaṃ yatkiṃcidrūpaṃ sarvantaccatvāri mahābhūtāni catvāri ca mahābhūtānyupādāyeti / tatkiṃ sandhāyoktam /

丑二、答(分二科)寅一、總答
依容有意說,同在一處依此而有是造義。saṃbhavaṃ sandhāyoktam / ekadeśāśrayībhāvārtha upādāyārthaḥ //

寅二、別答(分二科)卯一、正解大種多少(分二科)辰一、正解相  
若於此聚此大種可得,當知此聚唯有此大種非餘。 yatra punaḥ samudāye yadbhūtamupalabhyate tattatrā stiti vaktavya /

辰二、解多少
或有聚唯一大種,或有二大種,或有乃至一切大種。(asti ekabhautikaḥ asti dvibhautikaḥ) asti yāvatsārvabhautikaḥ /

卯二、正解所造多少(分二科)辰一、正解相 
所造色亦爾,若於此聚此所造色可得,當知此聚唯此非餘。upādāyarūpe 'pi yadupādāyarūpaṃ yasmin samudāya upalabhyate tattatrāstīti veditavyam //

辰二、解多少
或有聚唯一所造色,或二所造色,或有乃至多所造色,隨其所應。

子二、解極微(分二科)丑一、釋唯假立
又說粗聚色極微集所成者,當知此中極微無體。yatpunarūcyate paramāṇusaṃcitto rūpa samudāya iti tatra niḥśarīraḥ (Abhidh-s 42) paramāṇurveditavyaḥ /

丑二、辨建立因(分二科)寅一、第一因
但由覺慧漸漸分析細分,損減乃至可析邊際,即約此際建立極微,爲遣一合想故。buddhyā paryantaprabhedatastu paramāṇuvyavasthānaṃ piṇḍasaṃjñāvibhāghanatāmupādāya

寅二、第二因 
又為悟入諸所有色非真實故。rūpe dravyāḥ pariniṣpattipraveśatāṃ copādāya //

壬二、廣前苦(分二科)癸一、廣內苦(分二科)子一、略標八種差別
復次,苦法略有八種差別:謂有廣大不寂靜苦、有寂靜苦、有寂靜不寂靜苦、有中不寂靜苦、有微薄不寂靜苦、有微薄寂靜苦、有極微薄寂靜苦、有非苦似苦住大寂靜。tat punaretad duḥkhamasti vipulamasaṃlikhitaṃ saṃlikhitaṃ saṃlikhitā saṃlikhitaṃ ca // asti madhyamasaṃlikhitam asti tanukamasaṃlikhitam asti tanuttaraṃ saṃlikhitam asti tanutamaṃ saṃlikhitam astyaduḥkhaṃ duḥkhapratibhāsaṃ mahāsaṃlekhapratyupasthānaṃ ca //

子二、別釋(分二科)丑一、依異生(分二科)寅一、初三欲界(分三科)卯一、廣大不寂靜苦 
云何廣大不寂靜苦?謂生欲界未曾積集諸善根者。katamadvipulaṃ duḥkhamasaṃlikhitam / yatkāmāvacaramanupacitakuśalamūlānām //

卯二、寂靜苦
云何寂靜苦?謂即此已生順解脫分善根者。katamatsaṃlikhitam / tadevotpannamokṣabhāgīyānām //

卯三、寂靜不寂靜苦 
云何寂靜不寂靜苦?謂即此為世間道離欲已種善根者。katamatsaṃlikhitāsaṃlikhitam / tadeva laukikavairāgyāyāvaropitakuśalamūlānām //

寅二、上二界(分二科)卯一、色界 
云何中不寂靜苦?謂生色界遠離順解脫分者。katamanmadhyamasaṃlikhitam / rūpadhātūpapannānāṃ vivarjitamokṣabhāgīyānām /

卯二、無色界
云何微薄不寂靜苦?謂生無色界遠離順解脫分者。katamattanukamasaṃlikhitam // ārūpyopapannānāṃ vivarjitamokṣabhāgīyānām //

丑二、依聖(分三科)寅一、有學
云何微薄寂靜苦?謂諸有學。 katamattanuttaraṃ saṃlikhitam / yacchaikṣāṇām //

寅二、無學
云何極微薄寂靜苦?謂諸無學命根住緣六處。katamattanutamaṃ saṃlikhitam / yadaśaikṣāṇāṃ jīvitendriyapratyayaṃ ṣaḍāyatanam //

寅三、菩薩等 
云何非苦似苦住大寂靜?謂已得究竟菩薩摩訶薩等,乘大悲願力故生諸有中。 katamadaduḥkhaṃ duḥkhapratibhāsaṃ mahāsaṃlekhapratyupasthānam / yatpāramiprāptānāṃ bodhisattvānāmacintya bhavopapattiṣu //

癸二、廣死生苦(分三科)子一、明死有(分二科)丑一、明將死正死(分二科)寅一、總標三性心死 
復次,前說死苦,死有三種:謂或善心死、或不善心死、或無記心死。yaduktaṃ maraṇaṃ duḥkhamiti / tatra maraṇaṃ trividham / kuśalacittasyāvyākṛtacittasya ca //

寅二、別釋(分三科)卯一、善心死 
善心死者謂於明利心現行位或由自善根力所持故,或由他所引攝故發起善心趣命終位。paṭuke cittaprakāre svakuśala mūlabalādhānato (vā) paropasaṃhārato vā kuśalacittasya maraṇaṃ draṣṭavyam //

卯二、不善心死 
不善心死者謂亦於明利心現行位或由自不善根力所持故,或由他所引攝故起不善心趣命終位。paṭuka eva cittaprakāre svākuśalamulabalādhā nato vā paropasaṃhārato vā akuśalacittasya maraṇaṃ draṣṭavyam //

卯三、無記心死 
無記心死者謂若於明利心現行位若於不明利心現行位,或由闕二緣故,或由加行無功能故起無記心趣命終位。paṭuke vā cittaprakāre apaṭuke vā tadubhayavai kalyādabhisaṃskārāsamarthasya vā avyākṛtacittasya maraṇaṃ draṣṭavyam //

丑二、明死相(分二科)寅一、淨行者死相
修淨行者臨命終位於身下分先起冷觸,śubhakāriṇaḥ adhaḥkāya statprathamataḥ śītībhavati //

寅二、不淨行者死相
不淨行者臨命終位於身上分先起冷觸;aśubhakāriṇaḥ punaḥ ūrdhvaṃkāyaḥ śītībhavati //

子二、明中有(分十科)丑一、現前相(分二科)寅一、不淨行者中有相 
不淨行者中有生時其相顯現如黑羊羔光、或如陰暗夜分,tatrāśubhakāriṇo 'ntarābhavo 'bhinirvarttate / tadyathā kṛṣṇasya kutapasya nirbhāso 'ndhakāratamisrāyā vā rātryāḥ //

寅二、修淨行者中有相
修淨行者中有生時其相顯現如白練光、或如晴明夜分。aśubhakāriṇastadyathā śuklasya parasya nirbhāsajyotsnāyā vā rātryāḥ /

丑二、現前處所
又此中有在欲、色界正受生位,亦從無色界命終後位。 antarābhava(ḥ) kāmadhātau rūpadhātau copapadyamānasyārūpadhātoścayamānasya / (Abhidh-s 43)

丑三、別名
亦名意生、健達縛等。sa ca manomayo gandharva ityapi /

丑四、壽量 
極住七日,或有中夭、或時移轉。paraṃ saptāhaṃ tiṣṭhatyantareṇa cyavate /ekadā ca vyāvarttate /

丑五、造業
住中有中亦能集諸業,先串習力所引善等思現行故。tatrasthaśca karmopacinoni

丑六、觀見同類有情
又能覩見同類有情。sabhāgāṃśca sattvān paśyati /

丑七、形似當生處形
又中有形似當生處。yatra copapadyate tadākṛtirapratihatagatiśca /

丑八、所趣無礙 
又此中有所趣無礙,如具神通往來迅速,仍於生處有所拘礙。ṛddhimāniva vāśugāmī upapattyāyatane pratihanyate /

丑九、終沒結生
又此中有於所生處如秤兩頭低昂道理,終沒結生時分亦爾。upapattyāyatane tulāvanāmonnāmayogena cyavate pratisandhi ca vadhnāti /

丑十、起惑資生 
住中有中於所生處發起貪愛,亦用餘煩惱為緣助,此中有身與貪俱滅,羯邏藍身與識俱生,此唯是異熟,antarābhavasthaścopapattyāyatane rāgamutpādayati / yadanyaśca kleśaḥ pratyayo bhavati / saharāgeṇāntarābhavo nirudhyate kalalaṃ ca savijñānakamutpadyate //

子三、明生有
自此已後根漸生長,如緣起中說;於四生類或受卵生、或受胎生、或受濕生、或受化生。sa ca vipākastata ūrdhvamindriyābhinrivṛttiḥ yathā pratityasamupāde catṛsṛṣvāyoniṣu / aṇḍajāyāṃ jarayujāyāṃ saṃsvedajāyāmupapadukāyañca // 














2012年12月24日 星期一

集論38--成就品

大乘阿毘達磨集論本事分中成就品第四(Abhidh-s 35)(athābhidhamasamuccayaśāstre mūlavastuni samanvāgamaparicchedaścaturthaḥ)
丙四、成就品(分四科) 丁一、明得非得(分二科)戊一、標(分二科) 己一、指前相 
云何成就?謂成就相如前已說。samanvāgamaḥ katamaḥ / lakṣaṇataḥ pūrvavat //

己二、列差別
此差別有三種:謂種子成就、自在成就、現行成就。tatprabhedaḥ punaḥ trividhaḥ / bījasamanvāgamaḥ vaśitāsamanvāgamaḥ samudācārasamanvāgamaśca //

戊二、釋(分三科) 己一、種子成就(分二科)庚一、約三界繫說成不成(分三科) 辛一、欲界
何等種子成就?謂若生欲界,欲、色、無色界繫煩惱隨煩惱由種子成就故成就及生得善。vījasamanvāgamaḥ katamaḥ / kāmadhātau jāto bhūtaḥ kāmapratisaṃyuktaiḥ kleśopakleśaiḥ rūpārūpyapratisaṃyuktaiśca kleśopakleśairvījasamancāgamena samancāgataḥ upapattiprātilābhikaiśca //kuśalaiḥ //

辛二、色界
若生色界,欲界繫煩惱隨煩惱由種子成就故成就,亦名不成就;色、無色界繫煩惱隨煩惱由種子成就故成就及生得善。rūpadhātau jāto bhūtaḥ kāmapratisaṃyuktaiḥ klaiśopakleśaiḥ vījasamanvāgamena samanvāgato 'samanvāgataśca vaktavyaḥ /

辛三、無色界
若生無色界,欲、色界繫煩惱、隨煩惱由種子成就故成就,亦名不成就;無色界繫煩惱、隨煩惱由種子成就故成就及生得善。rūpapratisaṃyuktairārūpyapratisaṃyuktaiśca klaiśopakleśaiḥ bījasamanvāgamena samanvāgato 'samanvāgataśca vaktavyaḥ /ārūpyapratisaṃ(yu)ktaiḥ kleśopakleśaiḥ bījasamanvāgamena samanvāgataḥ upapatti(prāti)lābhikaiśca kuśalaiḥ //

庚二、約對治道說成不成 
若已得三界對治道隨如是如是品類對治已生如此如此品類,由種子成就得不成就;隨如是如是品類對治未生如此如此品類,由種子成就故成就。traidhātu kapratipakṣa lābhī yasya yasya prakārasya pratipakṣa utpannastasya bījasamanvāgamenāsamanvāgataḥ / yasya pratipakṣo notpannastasya bījasamanvāgamena samanvāgataḥ //

己二、自在成就
何等自在成就?謂諸加行善法若世、出世靜慮、解脫、三摩地、三摩鉢底等功德及一分無記法,由自在成就故成就。vaśitāsamanvāgamaḥ katamaḥ / prayogikānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ vaśitāsamanvāgamena samanvāgataḥ laukikānāṃ lokottarāṇāṃ vā dhyānavimokṣasamādhisamāpattyādīnāṃ tadekatyājāṃ(cā) vyākṛtānām //

己三、現行成就
何等現行成就?謂諸蘊界處法隨所現前若善、若不善、若無記彼由現行成就故成就。samudācārasamanvāgamaḥ katamaḥ / skandhadhātvāyatanānāṃ yo ya eva dharmaḥ saṃmukhībhūtaḥ kuśalo vā akuśalo vā avyākṛto vā tasya samudācārasamanvāgamena samanvāgataḥ //

丁二、釋善根斷非得
若已斷善者所有善法由種子成就故成就,亦名不成就。samucchinnakuśalamūlaḥ kuśalānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ bījasamanvāgamena samanvāgato 'samanvāgataśca vaktavyaḥ //

丁三、釋闕解脫因非得 
若非涅槃法一闡底迦究竟成就雜染諸法,由闕解脫因亦名阿顛底迦,以彼解脫得因畢竟不成就故。 ātyantikaḥ punaḥ saṃkleśasamanvāgamaḥ aparinirvāṇadharmakāṇāmicchantikānāṃ draṣṭavyaḥ / mokṣahetuvaikalyādātyantika eṣāṃ hetvasamanvāgamaḥ //

丁四、辨勝利(分二科)戊一、問 
於成就善巧得何勝利?samanvāgamakuśalaḥ kamanuśaṃsaṃ pratilabhate /

戊二、答
能善了知諸法增減,知增減故於世興衰離決定想乃至能斷若愛若恚。ācayāpacayajño bhavati dharmāṇām / tathā ācayāpacayajño na kasyāṃ cillaukikyāṃ saṃpattau vipattau vā ekāntikasaṃjñī bhavati yāvadevānunayapratighaprahāṇāya //

abhidharmasamuccaye lakṣaṇasamuccayo nāma prathamaḥ samuccayaḥ //(Abhidh-s 36)