1.No. 721正法念處經，元魏婆羅門瞿曇般若流支譯
2.藏譯英The Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma, Saddharma smṛtyupasthāna https://read.84000.co/translation/toh287.html.
地獄品之四
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名火末虫，是彼地獄第四別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，彼人則墮叫喚地獄火末虫處，業及果報如前所說。
2. 500 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell, he will wonder what other such neighboring realms there may be. By means of knowledge derived from hearing, he will then perceive a realm known as Sparks and Parasites. Examining what karmic actions may cause one to take birth there, he will come to see that resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct are relevant here in the same way as before.
復賣酒者，加益水等而取酒價，如是賣酒，有偷盜過。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——叫喚地獄火末虫處。
Moreover, certain peddlers of alcohol will dilute their goods with water and sell them at an inflated price, thereby incurring the misdeeds of lying and stealing, as well as that of alcohol consumption. When they later separate from their bodies, [F.178.b] they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Sparks and Parasites.
受大苦惱，所謂苦者：四百四病。何等名為四百四病？百一風病，百一黃病，百一冷病，百一雜病。彼地獄人相似因果。若閻浮提處、欝單越處、瞿耶尼處、弗婆提處，如是四處，隨若干人一病之力，於一日夜能令皆死。彼地獄處具有如是四百四病。
2. 501 “In that realm they will undergo the following tortures. Four hundred and four diseases will afflict these hell beings: one hundred and one are due to wind, one hundred and one are due to bile, one hundred and one are due to phlegm, and one hundred and one are due to their combinations. Every one of these diseases that afflict the beings of this hell has the power to kill them in a single day. This applies to all the humans in Jambudvīpa, as well as those living on Godānīya in the west, Videha in the east, and Kuru in the north.
而復更有餘諸苦惱，所謂苦者：彼地獄人自身虫生，破其皮肉脂血骨髓而飲食之，受如是苦，唱聲大喚，孤獨無救。而復於彼閻魔羅人極生怖畏，復為大火之所燒煮，其身炎燃受種種苦，乃至作集惡業壞散、無氣爛盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 502 “These beings will also be harmed in other ways, because worms invade their bodies, infesting and consuming their skin, blood, flesh, fat, bones, and bone marrow. When they thus suffer helplessly and cry out in despair, the henchmen of the Lord of Death will subject them to numerous tortures with fire. Until their karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, they will continue to be burned, boiled, and set aflame.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，貧窮苦惱，是其前世賣酒惡業，餘殘果報。
2. 503 “Once they escape this hell, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, as an effect that accords with their alcohol trading, they will thereafter live in suffering and poverty.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處，彼處名為熱鐵火杵，是彼地獄第五別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，彼人則墮叫喚地獄熱鐵火杵別異處生。業及果報如前所說。
2. 504 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the Howling Hell, he will perceive a hell realm known as Flaming Iron Club. Inquiring into what karmic actions may cause one to take birth there, he will see that, just as in the previous cases, resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct [F.179.a] will lead to birth in Flaming Iron Club.
今復說酒：若人以酒，誑與畜生——師子虎熊，鸜鵒、命命是等鳥獸，令其醉已，則無有力，不能得去，然後捉取，若殺、不殺。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——叫喚地獄熱鐵火杵別異處生，
Moreover, those who hunt and kill lions, tigers, leopards, myna birds, or pheasants by intoxicating and sedating them with alcohol will be born in Flaming Iron Club.
受大苦惱。熱炎鐵杵是惡業作，築令碎末如沙相似，一切身分皆悉散壞，彼受大苦，唱聲號哭，遞相向走；如是走時熱炎鐵杵隨後打築，普受大苦。
2. 505 “In that realm they will undergo the following tortures. The beings of this hell will perceive flaming iron clubs. These clubs, which are products of their own karmic actions, will crush all their major and minor body parts, grinding them to dust. As the hell beings are slaughtered in this way, they undergo agonizing pains and cry out in agony. Screaming, they scramble among each other, yet the burning clubs will keep on striking.
閻魔羅人復更執之以利鐵刀削其身體，削已復割，割已復剋，剋已復劈。乃至作集惡不善業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
Until their karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, the beings who are tormented by these tortures will then also be seized by the Lord of Death’s henchmen, who will proceed to mutilate and amputate all their major and minor body parts.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，得風血病，是彼惡業餘殘果報；生惡國土，無有醫藥瞻病使人，貧窮困苦，復生惡國，多有種種惡草刺棘，在於多熱少水之處，常懷怖畏，是彼惡業餘殘勢力。
2. 506 “When these beings finally escape their hell they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in future lives, avoid taking birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in accordance with their causal actions, they will be born filthy and poor in a wretched place such as a grassland or a desert that lacks medicine and medical facilities, and they will live in fear of the frequent fires. [B9]
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處，彼處名為雨炎火石，是彼地獄第六別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，彼人則墮叫喚地獄雨炎火石別異處生，業及果報如前所說。
2. 507 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell, [F.179.b] he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring hell realm known as Rain of Burning Stones. Inquiring into what karmic actions may cause one to take birth there, he will see that birth in the hell realm known as Rain of Burning Stones is caused by resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct.
又復若人作如是心：『象若醉時能多殺人，若殺多人，我則得勝。』為令象鬪，與酒令飲。是業報故，墮於惡處——叫喚地獄雨炎火石別異處生。
As for alcohol, some people feed war elephants alcohol, hoping that they will kill many people and bring victory on the battlefield. The implementation of such a strategy that leads to the killing of humans will later ripen as birth in the hell known as Rain of Burning Stones.
受大苦惱，所謂苦者：罪業力故，彼地獄中有大象生身皆炎燃，一切身分皆能打觸，取彼人已，觸破彼人一切身分，破碎墮落，與大怖畏，彼人如是唱聲大喚，身分散盡。
2. 508 “The beings in that realm will experience the following tortures. A flaming elephant produced by karmic action will appear and kill them, crushing all their major and minor body parts and grinding them to a pulp. This elephant will hurl them, crush them, shake them, and tear them limb from limb.
若得脫已，而復更為閻魔羅人執之，置鑊在於熱沸赤銅汁中。如是無量百千年歲常燒常煮，身體爛壞，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
Once they escape this torture, these beings will be seized by the henchmen of the Lord of Death and thrown into boiling copper. Thus, they will burn and boil for many hundreds of thousands of years, until finally their karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，彼人則生殺象之家，為象所殺，常困貧窮，面色不好，手足堅澁，身常澁觸，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 509 “When they finally escape this hell they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with their causal actions, they will, while planning to kill elephants, instead end up killed by elephants themselves. Moreover, they will be poor, they will have unsightly faces, their hands and feet will resemble donkey hooves, [F.180.a] and their bodies will always be disgusting.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名殺殺處，是彼地獄第七別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，彼人則墮叫喚地獄生殺殺處，業及果報如前所說。
2. 510 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a great hell known as Impossible to Die. Inquiring into what karmic actions may cause one to be born there, he will, as in the previous cases, see that such birth is caused by resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct.
又復若人以酒與他貞良婦女，令其醉已，心亂不正，不守梵行，然後共婬。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終，墮於惡處——叫喚地獄生殺殺處。
As for alcohol, some people misbehave by offering alcohol to unsuitable females, intoxicating them in order to engage in sexual relations. When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell of Impossible to Die.
受大苦惱。所謂苦者：熱炎鐵鉤拔其男根，拔已復生，拔已復生，新生濡嫩，而復更拔，極受大苦，唱聲叫喚。
2. 511 “The beings in that realm will experience the following tortures. Burning dogs will appear and bite off their testicles. However, even though they have been ripped up and torn off in this way again and again, they will grow out once more, soft and beautiful —only to be bitten off anew. Thus tortured, these beings will scream out in agony.
彼惡業人脫如是處，走向異處，既如是走，當其面前見有嶮岸，見有烏鷲獯狐鵄雕身皆是鐵，熱炎嘴爪，處處遍有在彼嶮岸。彼地獄人如是見已，生大怖畏，皺面喎口，望救望歸，墮嶮岸處。
2. 512 “When they finally escape this condition, they will run away as best they can. Before them they will perceive a vast precipitous area filled with ravens, vultures, owls, and eagles, 70 all with flaming beaks and claws. At this sight, the beings of this hell will faint and fall to the ground, yearning for safety and protection.
熱炎嘴爪鐵身烏鷲獯狐鵄雕，分分分散而噉食之，食已復生。如是無量百千年歲，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
The ravens, vultures, and owls will then descend upon them, tear all their limbs and organs apart with their flaming beaks and claws, and devour them. The beings of this hell will continue to be reborn in this way for many hundreds of thousands of years until finally their karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道，如是次第如前所說，王法所縛，身體惡色，面貌醜陋，繫獄而死，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 513 “Once they are free from this hell they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, [F.180.b] avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human, just as described previously. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with their causal actions, they will be arrested by the authorities, the color and complexion of their bodies and faces will turn unpleasant, whereupon they will die.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處，彼處名為鐵林曠野，是彼地獄第八別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，彼人則墮叫喚地獄鐵林曠野，業及果報如前所說。
2. 514 “The monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions will then continue to examine the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell. He will find that beings take birth there due to resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct as described before.
又若有人毒藥和酒，與怨令飲。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮極惡處——叫喚地獄鐵林曠野。
As for alcohol, however, some people kill their enemies by offering them poisoned alcohol. When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the neighboring hell of Iron Wilderness.
受大苦惱。所謂：鐵輪熱炎疾轉，閻魔羅人以熱鐵繩縛地獄人，在彼鐵輪速疾急轉。閻魔羅人以熱鐵箭射其身分，體無完處，如芥子許。罪業力故，而復不死。
2. 515 “The beings in that realm will experience the following tortures. With iron chains they will be tied to a burning iron wheel, and as that wheel is spun, their enemies, the Lord of Death’s henchmen, will strike weapons at all their major and minor body parts. In this way their bodies will be chopped up into pieces no larger than a mustard seed; nevertheless, due to the ripening of their flawed acts, they will not expire.
彼鐵輪處因緣若盡，走向餘處，罪業力故，復為鐵蛇之所執持，於百千年而噉食之。乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 516 “When at some point the relevant acts have been exhausted, they will escape the spinning wheel. They will then take off as best they can. However, they will be caught by iron snakes that devour them throughout many hundreds of thousands of years, until finally the relevant causal actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，生捉蛇家，喜捉蛇頭，以彼惡業餘殘勢力，蛇螫而死，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 517 “When they finally escape this hell, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with their causal actions, they will then take birth as snake catchers, or as people who extract the jewels that may be found [F.181.a] inside the heads of serpents —only to be killed by the snakes they pursue.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名普闇火，是彼地獄第九別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，彼人則墮叫喚地獄普闇火處，業及果報如前所說。
2. 518 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the Howling Hell, he will perceive a neighboring realm known as Veil of Complete Darkness. Inquiring into what karmic actions may cause one to be born there, he will, as in the previous cases, see that such birth is caused by resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct.
又復若人賣酒活命，有買酒人不知酒價，彼賣酒人少酒貴賣而取多物。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——叫喚地獄普闇火處。
Moreover, some people maintain a livelihood as alcohol vendors. When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Veil of Complete Darkness.
受大苦惱。所謂苦者：普闇火處地獄之中，閻魔羅人不識不知為是何人而闇打之，彼地獄人受大苦惱，不知誰打；入闇火中，彼火乃無微少光明如毛頭許。
2. 519 “The beings in that realm will experience the following tortures. While the entire hell realm lies in darkness, the henchmen of the Lord of Death will inflict harm upon the beings there without being seen or identified. In this way they steer them toward fires that appear in the darkness. The fires burn dimly and yet they are so close to each other that there is not even a hair tip of unoccupied space.
彼地獄人於彼火中燒煮爛壞；復有鐵鋸解劈其身，從頭而起裂為兩分。罪人苦惱，唱聲大喚，乃至作集惡不善業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
Wailing, the beings there are thus burned and boiled, and, until their completed and accumulated negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, their bodies will be sawed into halves with handsaws right through the middle, starting from their heads.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，常患飢渴之所逼惱，無有財物，生隘迮處、生常儉處、非正人類相似處生，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 520 “When they finally escape from this hell, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with their causal actions, they will then always be thirsty and hungry, and live in poverty in lands where food and drink are scarce. [F.181.b]
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名閻魔羅遮約曠野，是彼地獄第十別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺盜邪行，樂行多作，彼人則墮叫喚地獄，生閻魔羅遮約曠野，業及果報如前所說。
2. 521 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a hell known as Borderlands of the Lord of Death. Inquiring into what karmic actions may cause one to be born there, he will, as in the previous cases, see that such a birth is caused by resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct.
今復說酒：若人以酒強與病人、新產婦女，若為財物、若為衣服、飲食等故，如是與酒，若取財物、若取衣服、若飲食等。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——叫喚地獄生閻魔羅遮約曠野。
Moreover, some people may sell alcohol, or trade it for clothes or food, to people who are afflicted with disease or to women after childbirth. When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as Borderlands of the Lord of Death.
受大苦惱。所謂苦者：從足甲燃乃至燃頭；閻魔羅人熱炎鐵刀，從足至頭若斫若刺，既斫刺已，又復更與極大苦惱，所謂火燃炎利鐵戟。如是無量百千年歲，常一切時燒斫劈打，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 522 “The beings in that realm experience the following tortures. The henchmen of the Lord of Death will devour them entirely with their flaming mouths, including their bone marrow and nails. Yet, once the hell beings have in this way been consumed, their tortures will go on. Thus, until their karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted they will continue to be burned and slaughtered upon the spears of the Lord of Death’s henchmen.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，彼人則生惡國惡處邊地之處，下賤放猪，如是處生，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 523 “Once they escape from this hell, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with their causal actions, they will then become swineherds or beggars, living in wretched lands, dwellings, or rock caves.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名劍林處，是彼地獄第十一處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，彼人則墮叫喚地獄生劍林處，業及果報如前所說。
2. 524 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a hell known as the Śālmali Forest. Inquiring into what karmic actions may cause one to be born there, he will, as in the previous cases, see that such a birth is caused by resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing [F.182.a] acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct.
今復說酒：若人以酒誑他欲行曠野之人言：『是第一阿娑婆酒，令人不醉。』而與惡酒，彼將酒去，既入曠野嶮處飲之，飲已極醉無所覺知。
As for alcohol consumption, some people may distill a highly intoxicating alcoholic beverage, using substances such as buttermilk, water, and whey. They might then offer their drink to travelers lost in the forest, who then might become highly inebriated. Gradually, everyone there might become utterly intoxicated.
如是醉人所有財寶悉為賊取或奪其命。阿娑婆酒味如酪漿、有如美水、有如馬酪，以好妙藥和而作之。彼人不與，而與惡酒，故令使醉；彼與酒者，世人皆言：如捉咽賊，最是惡賊。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——叫喚地獄生劍林處。
At that point the producers of the beverage might kill everyone and carry off whatever wealth they might find. Those who operate by such deceit are known in the world as robbers and thieves. Later, when they separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell known as the great Śālmali Forest.
彼作集業，受大苦惱。所謂苦者：雨炎火石甚多稠密，普身被燒，如是劈斫，倒地吐舌。彼處有河名熱沸河，熱血洋水，常生怖畏。彼河熱沸以熱銅汁、熱白鑞汁和雜其中，如是無量百千年歲常被燒煮。
2. 525 “The beings in that realm will experience the following tortures. A rain of burning stones will fall on them —burning, smashing, and crushing them to dust. Moreover, in that realm flows the river Constant Terror with its boiling current heated by red-hot embers.
閻魔羅人以炎刀枷，若斫若打，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
Until their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, they will continue to burn and boil in that river of mixed copper and lead for hundreds of thousands of years while the henchmen of the Lord of Death stab them with flaming swords and spears.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，彼人黑色與墨無異，多瞋多妬，性慳常貧，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 526 “When they finally escape, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with their causal actions, they will be black-eyed, aggressive, and prone to envy.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名大劍林，是彼地獄第十二處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見：有人殺、盜、邪行，樂行多作，彼人則墮叫喚地獄大劍林處，業及果報如前所說。
2. 527 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive the Great Śālmali Forest. [F.182.b] Inquiring into what karmic actions may cause one to be born there, he will, as in the previous cases, see that when resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct one will, upon separating from one’s body, fall into the lower realms and take birth in hell.
今復說酒：曠野之中無人居處，唯有道路多人所行，若人於中賣酒求利。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——叫喚地獄大劍林處。
With respect to alcohol, some people produce a wine-like beverage and offer it to the inhabitants of isolated villages. When later such people separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell of the Great Śālmali Forest.
受大苦惱。所謂：多有大利劍樹高一由旬，刀葉甚利、樹莖炎燃、煙毒熾盛，是本與酒惡業所作。若一由旬未到樹所，身已熟爛而復不死。
2. 528 “As the result of having made such beverages available, the beings in that realm will experience the following tortures. Produced by the hell beings’ own karmic actions, the śālmali trees of this realm are one league tall, have razor-sharp leaves, and their burning branches produce a smoke that is poisonous to inhale. Such are the effects of actions associated with alcohol. The smoke coming from one of these trees will inflict harm everywhere within the distance of one league, yet the smoke will not kill anyone.
如是如是近大劍林，彼林周廣三千由旬，火煙毒刀有百千重，受大苦惱而復不死。
The forest of such śālmali trees extends across three thousand leagues, and the poisonous, glowing, and fuming wood thus inflicts one hundred thousand sufferings upon the beings of this hell, and yet they continue to live on.
若地獄人到大劍林，閻魔羅人打蹴令入，有在樹下普遍雨刀，一切身分、一切筋脈、一切諸節、一切骨髓皆悉破裂，分分分散。
2. 529 “Terrified by the henchmen of the Lord of Death, the beings of this realm will enter the forest of śālmali trees. When they do so a rain of razors will fall from the trees. The raging henchmen of the Lord of Death wield swords and spears, and when they attack the beings of this hell, they will cut, cleave, and chop to small pieces all their major and minor body parts, vital organs, bones, and bone marrow.
復有刀枷，閻魔羅人手執刀枷，周圍劍林。罪人若出，見則還入。彼大劍樹鐵林之中罪人，若見閻魔羅人極生怖畏，有映樹者、有上樹者、有被捉者；既捉得已，以刀斬斫，有頭破者。是本與酒惡業果報。
Hoping to find cover in the forest, the beings of this hell will run in terror toward the forest of śālmali trees. As they enter it, some will stop in despair in the shadows of the trees, some will climb the trees, and some will encounter henchmen of the Lord of Death [F.183.a], who will stab and mutilate them with their swords.
若映樹者有鐵鷲鳥啄，破其眼而飲其汁，是本與酒惡業果報。
As a consequence of drinking alcohol, vultures will descend on those who fearfully hide in the shadows, digging out their eyeballs and drinking their blood.
若上樹者則墮樹枝在於地上，身為百段、若一千段，是本與酒惡業果報。
Likewise, as a consequence of drinking alcohol, those who climb the trees will fall off their branches and their bodies will break into hundreds or thousands of pieces, thus reducing them to dust.
若有罪人不依樹者則墮灰河，熱灰所漂，身骨洋爛。如是無量百千年歲受大苦惱，此說少分，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
Those who reach the treetops will later fall into a river of acid and dissolve. Until their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, they will continue to suffer harm to their muscles, bones, and entire bodies. What has been stated here is just a fraction of their tortures.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，心則不正，報得惡病、若得大病、若心痛病、只羅娑病、若脚腫病、若目盲病，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 530 “When they finally escape, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with their causal actions, their minds will be distracted, and they will suffer from serious illness. They may have diseases associated with the heart, be easily fatigued, suffer from elephantiasis, or be blind.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處，彼處名為芭蕉煙林，是彼地獄第十三處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若人殺生、偷盜、邪行，樂行多作，彼人則生叫喚地獄芭蕉煙林別異處生，業及果報如前所說。
2. 531 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a hell known as the Smoky Forest of Burning Plantains. Inquiring into what karmic actions may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and so, as in the previous cases, see that such a birth is caused by resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct.
今復說酒：若人欲心，是故持酒，陰密與他貞良婦女，欲令彼醉，不住威儀、心動變異，望行非法。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——叫喚地獄芭蕉煙林別異處生。
As for alcohol consumption, there are some people who deceive virtuous women and trick them into drinking alcohol, thus causing them to become intoxicated and confused. Birth in this realm is associated with the ripening of such acts. [F.183.b]
受大苦惱。所謂苦者：彼地獄處周圍縱廣五千由旬，普煙遍滿，有惡焦火而復黑闇。彼闇火中有炎鐵塊厚三居賒，皆是火炭，闇覆不見。
2. 532 “This hell spans five leagues and is engulfed by smoke, and thus, although there is an ocean of fire, there is a dense darkness. It features pits dug three furlongs into the ground that are full of glowing and flaming coals.
彼地獄人速疾沒入黑闇火覆，不能唱喚，如是罪人一切根門皆悉火滿，是彼與酒惡業果報。
In those pits the beings of this hell must spend every single day. They are not even capable of screaming as their lungs are entirely filled with fire.
若脫彼處，則芭蕉煙滿其根門，既受煙苦，還復憶前火中之樂，如是煙氣勢力嚴利。
If they manage to escape, their lungs will fill with the smoke of burning plantain trees. This smoke will make the fires seem enjoyable by comparison, as it has an extremely excruciating effect.
若脫彼處，復有鐵鳥名煙葉鬘，其嘴甚利，啄破其骨，取髓而飲。乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
When they finally have also managed to escape the smoke, they will —until their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted —continuously be attacked by birds of a kind known as ‘smoky garland.’ These birds will use their extremely sharp beaks to crack open the bones of the beings in this hell and consume their bone marrow.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，則多脇病，貧窮短命，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 533 “When they finally escape this hell they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with their causal actions, their lungs and lower parts will then be afflicted by diseases caused by grahas, they will live in poverty, and their lives will be short.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處，彼處名為煙火林處，是彼地獄第十四處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若人殺生、偷盜、邪行，樂行多作，彼人則墮叫喚地獄煙火林處，業及果報如前所說。
2. 534 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a hell known as the Smoky Forest of Burning Embers. Inquiring into what karmic actions may cause one to be born there, he will, as in the previous cases, see that such a birth is caused by resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct.
今復說酒：若人欲令怨家衰惱，以酒與賊、若與官人，令與怨苦。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——叫喚地獄煙火林處。
As for alcohol consumption, some might offer alcohol for the sake of killing enemies, thieves and robbers, or royal soldiers. When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell of the Smoky Forest of Burning Embers. [F.184.a]
受大苦惱。所謂：熱風如刀如火，彼惡業故，作如是風，吹彼罪人在於空中勢相打觸，不得自在，身體碎壞猶如沙摶，惡業力故，身復還生。
2. 535 “The beings in that realm experience the following tortures. Embers produced by karmic action will stir a wind that is like razor blades. This wind flings the beings of this hell around and knocks them against each other. As when handfuls of sand are scattered, their bodies are in this way reduced to dust, and yet they will keep reviving due to the power of their karmic actions.
如是無量百千年歲，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，受一切苦。所謂苦者：火苦、刀苦、利刀劈苦、病苦、鐵苦、熱灰等苦，受如是等第一極苦、第一極惡、第一極急。如是無量百千年歲，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
This torture continues for many hundreds of thousands of years, until finally their karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted. In other words, until their karmic actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted they will for many hundred thousand years experience the exceedingly intense and horrifying agonies of cleaving razors, fire, disease, weapons, and acid.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，項上三堆極高隆出，常患癃病，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 536 “When they finally escape this hell, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with their causal actions, they will suffer from severe hemorrhoids and constantly be afflicted with infectious diseases related to cold.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名雲火霧，是彼地獄第十五處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若人殺生、偷盜、邪行，樂行多作，生彼地獄雲火霧處，業及果報如前所說。
2. 537 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a hell known as the Forest of Fiery Mist. Inquiring into what karmic actions may cause one to be born there, he will, as in the previous cases, see that such a birth is caused by resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct.
今復說酒：若人以酒與持戒人、若與外道，令其醉已，調戲弄之令彼羞恥，自心喜樂。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——叫喚地獄雲火霧處。
As for alcohol consumption, certain people may offer alcohol with an intent to deceive. When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms, [F.184.b] taking birth in the hell of the Forest of Fiery Mist.
受大苦惱，所謂苦者：彼地獄中地獄火滿，厚二百肘，閻魔羅人捉地獄人令行火中，從足至頭一切洋消。
2. 538 “The beings in that realm will experience the following tortures. Apprehended by the henchmen of the Lord of Death, the beings of this hell will be thrown into burning flames that are two hundred cubits tall. They will then be swept aloft by the flames and consumed by them, from their feet to their heads.
舉之還生，以惡業故，有火風起，吹地獄人如葉集散，十方轉迴猶如捩繩；彼地獄人如是被燒，乃至無有灰末可得，而復還生。如是無量百千年歲常如是燒，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
Nevertheless, the wind of karmic action will cause them to be revived. Then, as if they were sweeping leaves together, the flames will draw in hell beings from all directions, and the beings will follow as if they were pulled by ropes. Thus, within the flames they will burn until not even their ashes remain. Yet they will once more be revived, and so their burning will continue for many hundreds of thousands of years, until finally their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，彼人則生閻魔羅國、婆離迦國，常負人故，項則常腫，彼酒惡業餘殘果報。
2. 539 “When they escape this hell, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with the act of alcohol consumption, they will be born in the lands of the Yavanas and Bāhlikas and as slaves they will undergo severe suffering.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名分別苦，是彼地獄第十六處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若人殺生、偷盜、邪行，樂行多作，彼人則墮叫喚地獄分別苦處，業及果報如前所說。
2. 540 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Worrisome. Inquiring into what karmic actions may cause one to be born there, he will, as in the previous cases, see that such a birth is caused by resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct.
今復說酒，所謂：有人欲行因緣，以酒與奴及作人等，令彼飲酒身力不乏，若行獵時能速疾走、能殺鹿等。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處——叫喚地獄分別苦處。
As for alcohol consumption, some people might offer others alcohol, thinking, ‘Alcohol will distract them, and so they will not feel weary on their journey,’ or ‘If they drink this, these hunters will quickly be able to kill the deer.’ When they later separate from their bodies such people will fall into the lower realms, [F.185.a] taking birth in the hell known as Worrisome.
受大苦惱。所謂苦者：隨彼罪人，如是如是種種分別，閻魔羅人如是如是與大苦惱百倒、千倒、若百千倒、億百千倒，若干種種異異苦惱，如前所說，餘地獄中種種苦惱，彼一切苦此中倍受。
2. 541 “The beings in that realm will experience the following tortures. Precisely according to their desires, the henchmen of the Lord of Death will show up in their hundreds, thousands, millions, and even billions, to inflict the same tortures that are experienced in all the other hells, only here at four times the intensity.
閻魔羅人責疏罪人而說偈言：
The henchmen of the Lord of Death will then speak to the beings of this realm in the following verses of instruction:
以三種惡業，遍在九處熟，四十重受苦，惡業行所得。cf. Dhs.13.10
2. 542 “ ‘The three aspects of karmic action Cause beings to be boiled on numerous occasionsin in. There are forty kinds of ripening That are severely disturbing.
酒為惡根本，被笑入地獄，一切根失滅，不利益因緣。cf. Dhs.10.7-19
2. 543 “ ‘Alcohol is the basis for failure. It leads to the disgrace of living in hell, Corrupts all one’s faculties, And ensures lack of any success.
太喜多語言，增貪令他畏，口過自誇誕，兩舌第一處。
2. 544 “ ‘It leads to over-excited speech, Attachment and fear, All the flaws of speech as well as conceit, And also to harsh words!
酒能亂人心，令人如羊等，不知作不作，如是應捨酒。
2. 545 “ ‘The mind distracted by alcohol Cannot distinguish right from wrong, Making a human no different than cattle. Therefore, give up alcohol!
若酒醉之人，如死人無異，若欲常不死，彼人應捨酒。
2. 546 “ ‘People distracted by alcohol, Even though still alive, are the same as dead. Those wishing to be alive always Should always give up alcohol.
酒是諸過處，恒常不饒益，一切惡道階，黑闇所在處。
2. 547 “ ‘Alcohol is the basis of all flaws, A certain source of everything undesirable, And the staircase to the three lower realms. This is the great home of darkness.
飲酒到地獄，亦到餓鬼處，行於畜生業，是酒過所誑。
2. 548 “ ‘Alcohol drags beings to hell, To the realms of starving spirits, And also to the animal realm,When they are led astray by the vice of alcohol.
酒為毒中毒，地獄中地獄，病中之大病，是智者所說。
2. 549 “ ‘Alcohol is the poison among poisons, The hell among hells, The disease among diseases — This is what the wise explain.
酒失智失根，能盡滅法寶，酒為第一胎，是破梵行怨。
2. 550 “ ‘As it corrupts one’s mind and faculties, Reduces the jewel of the Dharma to nothing, And destroys pure conduct, Alcohol is the single realm of terror. [F.185.b]
飲酒令人輕，王等尚不重，何況餘凡人，為酒之所弄。
2. 551 “ ‘Since alcohol makes fools Out of kings and savants alike, It goes without saying that ordinary drinkers Will be bamboozled by their alcohol.
諸法之大斧，令人無羞慚，若人飲酒者，一切所輕賤。
2. 552 “ ‘People indulging in alcohol Are like an axe wielded against all good qualities, It removes their sense of shame And makes them into objects of slight.
無智無方便，身口皆無用，一切皆不知，以酒劫心故。
2. 553 “ ‘Hapless minds plundered by alcohol Cannot distinguish What should be done from what should not. They are all disregarded by others.
若人飲酒者，無因緣歡喜，無因緣而瞋，無因緣作惡。
2. 554 “ ‘Those indulging in alcohol Will sometimes be happy, Sometimes be sad, And sometimes commit evil.
於佛所生癡，壞世出世事，燒解脫如火，所謂酒一法。cf. Dhs.10.19
2. 555 “ ‘Their minds will be deluded And they will destroy two worlds. 71 Alcohol is nothing but a fire That burns away the qualities of liberation.
若人能捨酒，正行於法戒，彼到第一處，無死無生處。cf. Dhs.10.50
2. 556 “ ‘Those who give up alcohol Will be in tune with the Dharma. They will proceed to the supreme Abode of immortality.
汝捨離善行，為酒之所誑，墮地獄惡處，何用呼嗟為？cf. Dhs.16.49
2. 557 “ ‘Those befuddled by alcohol consumption Will act in deplorable ways And fall into unbearable hells. Why would you meaninglessly torture yourself?
飲酒初雖甜，受報第一苦，過如金波迦，是智者所說。cf. Dhs.10.20-21
2. 558 “ ‘Alcohol may taste good when you drink it, But as it ripens it burns terribly. Drinking is the stupidest thing one can do; This is what the wise explain.
智者不信酒，不能壞其意，觸冷果報熱，由酒到地獄。
2. 559 “ ‘Intelligent people ought not trust alcohol, Thinking, “How could this harm me?” Although cool when you drink it, It is hot when matures and leads to hell.
若作惡業者，意輕則心喜，報則第一苦，後悔是癡人。cf. Dhs.15.7
2. 560 “ ‘Low-minded people enjoy nonvirtue While committing it, But suffer later When it painfully matures.
不樂欲中意，欲第一誑人，縛在生死惡，一切地獄因。cf. Dhs.7.1
2. 561 “ ‘Do not indulge in pleasures, For pleasures are extremely deceptive. They are the brutal ties of cyclic existence And the cause of life in hell.
若人喜樂欲，彼人苦無邊，為欲所嚙者，樂則不可得。cf. Dhs.7.2
2. 562 “ ‘Those fond of pleasures Will experience endless suffering. When bitten by the snake of pleasure-seeking, How could you ever know happiness?
汝本意樂欲，來此惡地獄，受極惡苦惱，今者徒生悔。cf. Dhs.16.50
2. 563 “ ‘Your desires are awful, And will transport you to horrifying hells. [F.186.a] Why would you pointlessly Torture yourselves with unbearable pain?
汝本作惡業，為欲癡所誑，彼時何不悔，今悔何所及？cf. Dhs.16.51
2. 564 “ ‘Deceived by desire You engaged in negative acts. Why were you not angry then? Why are you upset now?
作集業堅牢，今見惡業果，本不應作惡，作惡今受苦。cf. Dhs.15.8-11
2. 565 “ ‘Acts that are done and accumulated Will make their effects appear. Tortures from negative acts are unbearable; Therefore, do not engage in negative action.
惡業得惡報，作惡者自受，惡不殃善者，如是應捨惡。
2. 566 “ ‘Evil and evil ripening Will manifest in evil ways. If you do no evil, there will be no evil either; Therefore, give up evil acts.
若捨惡之人，於惡則不畏，自作自受苦，非餘人所食。
2. 567 “ ‘Those who give up evil Will have no fear of evil. Harm is caused by one’s own negative acts And not by the actions of others.’
閻魔羅人如是責疏地獄罪人。既責疏已，復與無量種種苦惱，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 568 “Thus the henchmen of the Lord of Death will instruct the beings of hell while continuing to subject them to numerous tortures, until finally their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，身體乾枯，第一瞋心，難可調順，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 569 “When at last they escape from this hell, they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with their causal actions, they will be easily infuriated and intractable.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀叫喚之大地獄，彼大地獄唯有此處，更無別有異處可見，亦無別有業果可得。如是叫喚之大地獄，如是十六眷屬之處，如活、黑繩、合等地獄種種苦惱，此中具足，轉重轉勝。彼地獄中所受苦惱，彼一切苦此地獄中皆悉十倍。
2. 570 “The monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions will continue to examine the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell. However, he will not see any further ripening of karmic effects, nor will he perceive any further neighboring realms. He will then think to himself, ‘Alas, the tortures that are experienced in these sixteen neighboring hells are ten times more excruciating than the combined tortures of the Reviving, Black Line, and Howling hells.
何以故？以作惡業堅重多故，殺、盜、邪行、與持戒人酒，四倍惡業，此地獄受堅[革*卬]多重種種苦惱，壽命延長彼四倍業果報苦惱。
The stable causes for birth there are acts [F.186.b] of killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct, as well as offering alcohol to those who have taken vows, or such people consuming alcohol. Birth in those realms follows from combinations of those four negative actions, and the combined ripening of those four yields extremely long-lasting, torturous agonies.’
彼比丘觀察如是四倍惡業苦惱果報，既思惟已，則於生死十倍厭離。
2. 571 “Perceiving the ripening of the combinations of those four negative acts, the monk will correctly contemplate the effects of karmic ripening, and his renunciation with respect to cyclic existence will become ten times as strong as before.
又修行者內心思惟——隨順正法觀察法行，彼比丘觀察如是諸地獄已，深畏生死，得第十地。
Through his accurate perception of the realms of hell, the monk will feel horror and become terrified of cyclic existence. Thus, he will enter the tenth ground and, as a spiritual practitioner, carefully observe inner phenomena.
彼地夜叉知已歡喜，如是復聞虛空夜叉，如前所說，次第乃至梵迦夷天、梵不流天、大梵天等，彼梵天等聞已歡喜，如前所說：『生死魔分皆悉損減，正法增長。』
2. 572 “As the terrestrial yakṣas witness this, they will inform the celestial yakṣas, and, in the same way as before, the news will travel to the realms of Brahmā, of the High Brahmins of Brahmā, and of Great Brahmā. Thus, as the gods in the realm of Great Brahmā receive the message, they will think with delight, ‘The forces of the māras are waning; the forces of the sacred Dharma are on the rise!’ Thus, all the same events as before will take place.
又彼比丘知業果報，次復觀察餘大地獄，彼見聞知：復有地獄名大叫喚。眾生何業生彼地獄？彼見聞知：若人殺生、偷盜、邪行、飲酒、妄語，樂行多作，增上滿足，如是之人生大叫喚大地獄中。
· · The Great Howling Hell · ·
2. 573 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions next concerns himself with other hell realms, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive the Great Howling Hell. Inquiring into what karmic actions may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing, and so see that such a birth is caused by resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing completed acts of killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, alcohol consumption, and lying.
殺生、偷盜、邪行、飲酒，業及果報如前所說。今說妄語，增上滿足第一極惡，一切善人之所憎賤，一切惡道所由之門。
2. 574 “Here, the aspects of killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, and alcohol consumption are just as in the previous cases. [F.187.a] Beyond this, lying is an extreme misdeed that is reviled by the wise and forms the entranceway to the lower realms.
如是業者，所謂有人，若王、王等、軍眾等中謂為正直，二人諍對，與作證人，言如是事：『是我所知，此事正爾，我則是量。』
What, one may wonder, are the features of an act of lying? Whether before the king or a minister, or whether within the court, there might be a legal dispute between two parties, and when the case is tried, one might be appointed as a reliable witness.
彼二諍人，各各說已，如是證人內心實知，口不正說，或得財物、或知識朋友、或染欲心，自誑破壞，如前所說。如是證人作如是心：『彼先時語如是如是，我於今者如是異說。我此妄語，如是妄語，竟有何罪？』彼妄語人心謂無罪，起如是心：『我當無罪。』
If, for the sake of wealth, or because of a bias, or due to desire, one knowingly alters the facts and speaks deceitfully, there is nothing more unvirtuous than such a lie.
彼人異說於二人中，得妄語罪。一人得罰，或時致死、或時畏死、或時得罰、或輸舍宅，如彼法制，相似得罰。如是惡人，以是妄語惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，謂大叫喚大地獄中。
If one decides to speak such a lie, and then does so, thus engaging in such a frivolous misdeed, the effect may be that one of the parties is given a death sentence, is executed, or sees their home confiscated. The evil person who speaks a lie with such unlawful effects will thereby, upon separating from his or her body, fall into the lower realms and take birth in the Great Howling Hell.
彼處命長，以何為量？如化樂天八千年壽，依此人中若八千年，於彼天中為一日夜，彼三十日以為一月，彼十二月以為一歲；於彼天中若八千年，彼地獄中為一日夜。彼大叫喚大地獄中，是惡業人妄語人處。
2. 575 “Life in that realm lasts an extremely long time. Specifically, the gods in the Heaven of Delighting in Emanations live for eight thousand god-years. To arrive at the corresponding number of human years, consider that eight hundred human years is one day in the life of the gods in the Heaven of Delighting in Emanations. Thirty of those days make one month, twelve such months are one year, and the lifespan of those gods is eight thousand such years. Yet that duration is but one day in the life of a being in the Great Howling Hell, the abode of those who commit the misdeed of lying.
以誑自他，能破一切第一善根，如大黑闇，大眾不信。如是妄語，善人不許。一切聖人聲聞、緣覺、正遍知者之所呵責。
2. 576 “Deceiving oneself and others will ruin all roots of virtue and bring great darkness. Great individuals will have no trust in oneself, and one will never —not even in a thousand years —be in agreement with the wise. Lying is despised by all hearers, solitary buddhas, and perfect buddhas. [F.187.b]
一切世間、出世間道皆不相應；一切善根橋梁大斧，常惱他人、如爛死屍、破壞不堅、如惡毒起；世間生死，惡道因緣；如屎無異，能令口中生爛臭氣；常生苦網，不可愛樂，是大地獄大怖畏使；臨欲死時，心則大驚，閻魔羅人境界所攝；是大怨家，能令人墮餓鬼、畜生證明惡業；貧窮因緣；能與地獄大怖畏事；能作畜生相食因緣；無始來轉生死種子。
Lying is categorized as a flaw in terms of both the mundane and the supramundane path: it is an axe against all roots of virtue; it always brings harm; it is a rotten corpse; it is a poisonous falsehood; it is the garbage that is the cause of the lower realms of cyclic existence; it produces bad breath; it is the cause of the net of suffering; it is the unattractive, ugly, and unpleasant harbinger of the fears of hell; it is the creator of terror at the time of death; it is the great adversary of those who reach the land of the Lord of Death’s henchmen; it is the abyss for starving spirits and animals; it is the cause of evil means of livelihood; it is the cause of poverty; it is the producer of the great terrors of hell; it is the condition for animals being eaten by each other; since time without beginning it remains as the seed of cyclic existence, because birth within cyclic existence follows as the result of lying.
妄語果報，於彼處生，彼大地獄有十八處。何等十八？一名吼吼；二名受苦無有數量；三名受堅苦惱不可忍耐；四名隨意壓；五名一切闇；六名人間煙；七名如飛虫墮；八名死活等；九名異異轉；十名唐悕望；十一名雙逼惱；十二名迭相壓；十三名金剛嘴烏；十四名火鬘；十五名受鋒苦；十六名受無邊苦；十七名血髓食；十八名十一炎。此十八處是大叫喚之大地獄所有別處。
2. 577 “The neighboring realms of that great hell are as follows: Extreme Screams, Boundless Torture, Sharp and Unbearable Pain, Incomparable Harm, Total Darkness, Blinding Smoke, Dropping Dead Like Moths, Life Isochronous with Death, Mutation, Joyless Thought, Mutual Harm, Forest of Continuous Flames, Long-Lasting Agony, Infinite Pain, Ravens with Vajra-Like Beaks, Consuming Blood and Marrow, and Eleven Flames. These are the sixteen neighboring realms of the Great Howling Hell.
彼大叫喚大地獄者，眾生何業而生於彼？作集業道普遍究竟，樂行多作，墮大叫喚根本自體極大怖畏大地獄中。
2. 578 “What type of completed and accumulated action will cause one to take birth in the Great Howling Hell? [F.188.a] Such a terrifying birth is caused by resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing the preparation for, enactment, and conclusion of karmic action.
受大苦惱，所謂苦者：其舌甚長，三居賒量，其體柔軟如蓮花葉，從口中出，閻魔羅人執熱鐵犁，其犁炎然，耕破作道。
2. 579 “The beings in the Great Howling Hell experience the following tortures. Their tongues are extremely soft, like the petals of lotus flowers, and extend from their mouths for a length of three furlongs. The beings of this realm are caught by terrifying henchmen of the Lord of Death, who will cleave, split, and destroy their tongues with a flaming iron plow.
熱炎銅汁其色甚赤，以灑其舌；舌中生虫，其虫炎口，還食其舌，彼妄語人罪業力故，舌受大苦不能入口。
As the henchmen next spray their tongues with molten copper, worms with flaming mouths will appear from the tongues and begin to eat of them. Yet these liars will not be able to draw their tongues in.
彼地獄人口中有虫名曰碓虫，而拔其齒。又惡業故，風散其齗，碎粖如沙，有利刀風削割其咽，炎嘴鐵虫噉食其心。
Moreover, other worms will appear in the teeth within their mouths and dislodge them, while a wind created by karmic action will assault their palates with a pulverizing effect. Likewise, a razor- like wind will descend through their throats, and worms with burning mouths will consume and incinerate their hearts.
彼大叫喚根本地獄，如是極燒妄語人身；以惡業故。
Thus, liars will take birth and burn in the main Great Howling Hell with worms emerging from their tormented bodies, which they have appropriated by means of their karmic actions.
身中生虫，還食其身，虫身炎燃，彼地獄人身內虫食，受急病苦；如是內外二種苦惱。彼地獄中閻魔羅人，復與罪人種種苦惱，謂鐵鉤打筋脈骨髓，一切身分破壞碎散。
2. 580 “Internally, they will therefore experience the unbearably excruciating pain of being consumed by worms, and accompanying diseases. Externally, the beings of this hell are also subjected to a twofold torment. First, the henchmen of the Lord of Death will torment them with various hellish tortures involving fire.
又復更受餘異苦惱，所謂斤斧斤其身體一切身分乃至骨等。
In addition they will be subjected to various other tortures, such as having their limbs, organs, veins, and sinews stabbed with spikes, [F.188.b] or having all their limbs hacked with swords right to the bone.
彼妄語人以他因緣，作如是說，不依一切法橋而行，乃是一切不饒益門，復是一切善穀之雹。如是妄語亦是一切惡道之門，亦是一切苦惱之藏、一切眾生之所不信、一切聖人棄捨如屎，諸佛世尊、聲聞、緣覺、阿羅漢等捨之如毒。
2. 581 “Lying is the supreme creator of failure and conflicts with everything that supports the Dharma. Lying is a gateway to failure and like hail to all the crops of virtue. It is the door to the lower realms and the basis for all misdeeds. Lying creates mistrust in all sentient beings, is reviled as filth by all noble individuals, and is shunned as poison by the perfect buddhas, the hearers, the solitary realizers, and the worthy ones.
若行世間、出世間道如大黑闇；人無愛者；乃是地獄第一因緣，無異相似如大黑闇。有如是等種種諸惡。
As a darkness that covers the mundane and supramundane paths, it is unwanted by everyone. On its own it brings forth the hells and it has no equal. It is a pitch-black darkness. Lying is thus a source of failure.
若人已說、今說、當說，如是業因，相似得果，彼大叫喚之大地獄。復有火燒如生酥者，炎燃鐵鋸以鋸其體，身心苦惱。
2. 582 “Those who lie at present, and those who lied in the past, will in accordance with such causes meet with the result that is the Great Howling Hell. The fires will make their legs melt like fresh butter, and flaming saws will cleave them in two. Their bodies and minds will be overcome by depression and suffering.
彼大地獄大火煮之，是見知者大悲因緣地獄相似；一切重病，如是病者名尚叵說。
In their realms, which accord with their deeds, they will boil in the fires of this great hell. Afflicted by all manner of disease, those beings of hell will scream aloud. It is not easy to enumerate all their unbearable illnesses.
受如是病，極大苦惱。如是所說二種大苦，乃有無量百千億數億那由他地獄苦惱，乃至作集惡不善業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄中爾乃得脫。
Yet, as explained, until their completed and accumulated negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, they will continue to experience the sufferings of hell for many hundreds of thousands, millions, billions, and trillions of years.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，貧窮短命，亂心不男，一切惡賤，人所不信，是彼殺生、偷盜、邪行、飲酒、妄語餘殘果報。
2. 583 “When they finally escape from this hell they may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. [F.189.a] Yet, in terms of effects that accord with their acts of killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, alcohol consumption, and lying, they will be poor, have short lives, and their minds will be scattered. They will be born as neuters, despised by everyone, and not trusted by anyone.
爾時，世尊而說偈言：
若人過一法，如是妄語人，破壞未來世，無惡而不造。cf. Dhs.12.3-21
2. 584 “At this point, there are some verses: “When a person has lied just once, And thus created a transgression, He will bring upon himself all manner of evil and failure As he crosses to the next world.
莫作妄語說，一切惡因緣，能繫縛生死，善道不可見。
2. 585 “Nobody will trust you, So do not lie. You will suffer in cyclic existence And never behold the happy realms.
二世不饒益，一切相憎惡，妄語者能令，一切法空曠。
2. 586 “Use of false words Harms you both in this world and the next, It upsets everyone, And separates you from all good qualities.
若人即生時，口中有大斧，如是能自割，所謂妄語說。
2. 587 “Misuse of one’s voice Will cut oneself, the speaker, down. As soon as such a person is born An axe will, as it were, emerge from his mouth.
一切惡之幡，一切惡處繩，癡闇之藏處，所謂妄語說。
2. 588 “Those who speak false words Will experience nothing but failure. It brings the whole gamut of the lower realms, A single domain of darkness.
若人離實語，一切善人捨，今世猶如草，後世惡處燒。
2. 589 “Those who stray from the truth Will be shunned by the learned. In this world they will be neglected And later they will boil in the lower realms.
健者勿妄語，妄語甚為惡，口中氣爛臭，後身則生悔。
2. 590 “A hero will not lie. Wretched liars Will emit a rotten stench from their mouths And later suffer physical pain.
若捨離實語，彼人法叵得，如是離法人，生世苦無邊。
2. 591 “Those who let go of the precious truth Will not have any Dharma. Those who let go of the Dharma Will dwell in infinite suffering.
實為諸法燈，善人愛如實，得天道中勝，離熱者所說。
2. 592 “Truth is the beacon of all good qualities, The jewel-like delight of the wise, And the authentic path to higher realms — So is it lauded by those who are free from the fever. 72
實道得生天，實道得解脫，若人離實者，善人說如狗。
2. 593 “With truth come the higher realms. Those who speak the truth approach liberation. People who are vile with respect to truth Are known to be like dogs.
若人無實語，小人中小人，實是法之階，明中第一明。
2. 594 “Those for whom there is no truth [F.189.b] Are the worst among the worst. Truth is the staircase of the Dharma And the great source of light.
實是解脫道，財中第一財，救中第一救，是智者所說。
2. 595 “The path of the liberating Dharma, The supreme among all kinds of wealth, And the best among all forms of refuge, Is declared by the wise to be the truth.
明中第一明，眼中第一眼，無物猶為富，莊嚴之莊嚴。
2. 596 “The supreme among all forms of light,The best among all eyes, And the wealth of those who have none — This ornament is the most excellent of all.
實為第一藏，王等不能奪，若實說之人，行到第一道。
2. 597 “The truth is an inexhaustible treasure That no king can confiscate from you. Those who speak it will proceed To the best of all destinations.
種種莊嚴者，端正不如是；若人實莊嚴，端正則如天。
2. 598 “When truthfulness adorns people, It makes them as beautiful as gods. Those who otherwise wear many ornaments Will not look good, regardless.
非父母財物，非知識非親，能救護後世，唯實語能救。
2. 599 “Beyond this world you will not have Your father, mother, or possessions. There will be no friends or family, and no protection — Therefore, always speak the truth!
聖人說妄語，火中第一火，毒中第一毒，惡道第一階。
2. 600 “The fire among all fires, The poison of all poisons, And the staircase to the lower realms Is widely known to be lying.
妄語能燒人，名為第一燒，如毒火燒觸，故應捨妄語。
2. 601 “To lie is like touching poison or fire. Thus, give up telling untruths. People scorched by lying Are indeed said to have been burned.
如是一切惡，慎勿妄語說，一切畏等惡，智者說妄語。
2. 602 “Therefore, as they apply all efforts People should not speak any lies. Fear and all the other afflictions Are well known to arise from lying.
彼比丘如是諦觀妄語業果，無障礙見，亦復諦見實語功德，如是諦觀善惡業道，觀大叫喚大地獄處，彼見有處名為吼吼，是彼地獄第一別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若人殺、盜、邪行、飲酒，生於彼處，業及果報如前所說。
2. 603 “Thus, the nature of the effects of the act of lying will not remain concealed from the monk. He will perceive the qualities of truth and the nature of the wholesome and the unwholesome. As he continues to examine the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell, he will perceive a hell known as Extreme Screams. Inquiring into what karmic actions may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing, and so, as in the previous cases, he will see that such a birth is caused by resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, and alcohol consumption. [F.190.a]
復有妄語：親舊因緣，一朋所攝，於對諍時作妄語說，後不懺悔、不厭不毀，樂行多作。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮彼地獄生吼吼處。
As for lying, one may, for the sake of one’s friends, or because of taking sides, speak in a biased way during a dispute. If one does not later confess and regard the act as a misdeed, and instead resorts to, becomes habituated to, and increases such acts, one will, upon having separated from one’s body, fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell of Extreme Screams.
受大苦惱。所謂苦者：以舌妄語，還受舌罰。閻魔羅人以利鐵刀穿其頷下，挽出其舌，以惡泥水用塗其舌，口中炎燃、舌根爛臭，炎口黑虫噉食其舌，身受大苦，如前活等地獄中說。苦惱之狀，彼前一切諸地獄中所受苦惱，皆悉和合如前略說。乃至彼人妄語惡業壞爛無氣，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 604 “The beings in that realm will experience the following tortures. As a punishment, the henchmen of the Lord of Death will slice open the liars’ throats and cut out their tongues. They will then pour burning acid into their throats. The remainder of the tongues within their bodies will emit a foul stench, which will cause biting insects with burning mouths to emerge and eat the tongue. The beings of this realm will also have to endure all the physical tortures that were explained in the context of the Reviving Hell and the other previous hell realms. Thus, until the karmic actions of lying have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, the tortures will continue.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，貧窮顛狂，無心失心，短命、根缺，世所嫌賤，皆是一切不饒益器。
2. 605 “When one finally escapes this hell, one may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet in that case one will be insane, destitute, and have a scattered mind, a short life, and incomplete faculties. One will be despised by everyone and completely unsuccessful.
又彼比丘知業果報，觀大叫喚之大地獄，復有何處？彼見聞知：復有異處名為受苦無數量處，是彼地獄第二別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若人殺、盜、邪行、飲酒，作而復集，墮彼地獄名為受苦無數量處，業及果報如前所說。
2. 606 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the Great Howling Hell, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive an adjacent hell realm known as Boundless Torture. Inquiring into what karmic actions may cause one to be born there, he will, [F.190.b] as in the previous cases, see that such a birth is caused by resorting to, becoming habituated to, and increasing acts of killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, and alcohol consumption.
復有妄語。何者妄語？若人因欲或因瞋心作妄語說，若他所遣，作如是言：『彼人是我第一知識、是我所愛，汝若愛我，彼是我友，可為我故與彼怨對，作不饒益方便語說。』若人如是妄語言說，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄生受苦惱無數量處。
As for lying, desire or anger may cause some to speak severe lies, or to instruct and encourage others to do so by saying, ‘So-and-so is our dearest, greatest friend. He is kind to us, and we must side with him. Do not tell the truth!’ Those who do so will, upon separating from their bodies, fall into the lower realms, taking birth in the hell of Boundless Torture.
受大苦惱。所謂苦者如前所說，活等地獄所受苦惱，彼一切苦皆悉和合，是此地獄一處苦惱。何以故？以業重故受苦亦重，以受苦重，示業果報。如是受苦無有休止，業與煩惱，生死輪轉無有邊際猶如旋環。
2. 607 “As for the torments of that realm, all the tortures that were explained in the contexts of the Reviving Hell, and so forth, must be endured by the beings in the Great Howling Hell. Yet, since the causal actions of those in the latter realm are heavier, their tortures are comparatively more severe. This, moreover, shows well the way that karmic effects ripen. As if caught on a continuously spinning waterwheel, sentient beings have since infinite time been stuck in the horrors of karmic action and affliction.
如是妄語一切惡業，異異因緣、異異轉行，種種惡業，多作多受，皆由妄語。又復妄語能割斷滅滿善根柱，如相似因，得相似果。以是因緣，此地獄處名為受苦無有數量，彼不可說。
2. 608 “Lying is a tremendously negative factor that intensifies the tortures that must otherwise be endured as the result of negative actions. A completed act of lying will cut asunder one’s supportive roots of virtue, and effects always manifest in accordance with their causes. Produced by these causes, the suffering endured in the hell of Boundless Torture cannot be put into words.
彼受苦惱，不可具說，無異相似，乃是一切地獄人中之地獄人。受惡苦惱。所謂苦者：受虫生苦、受飢渴苦、受大火苦、無悕望苦、無安慰苦、受黑闇苦、受相觸苦、受不愛觸色聲香苦，受見本生怨家人來鐵刀割苦，渡灰河苦、鐵鈎破苦，受墮嶮岸、大火燒苦，受拔草苦。拔草苦者：打斫作瘡，著草瘡上，待相著已，然後掣發。受金剛拶磨令碎苦，受周遍火炎鬘炙苦。
Unmatched by those of any other hell being, the tortures of an evil speaker of lies will include being attacked by parasites; being tortured by parasites; thirst and hunger; despair; endless suffering in utter darkness; [F.191.a] mutual striking; experiencing terrible sounds, textures, tastes, forms, and smells; being struck by the weapons of enemies and adversaries who remember past lives; drowning in a river of acid; being stabbed with spikes; having one’s head 73 burned by fire; being scythed down like crops; being struck by vajras; and being burned in an all-encompassing conflagration and in forest-consuming flames.
受如是等地獄相應無邊苦惱，與彼受處地獄相應墮大嶮處所受苦果——妄語——相似。如是乃至彼妄語人妄語惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
These and other such hellish tortures will continue to appear for the beings in the realm of Boundless Torture, until finally their misdeeds of lying have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted. Such are the effects of the abysmal misdeed of lying as they manifest in the hell of Boundless Torture.
若於前世過去久遠有善業熟，不生餓鬼、畜生之道；若生人中同業之處，彼人常病，若患咽病、若患口病，如是等苦，貧窮困苦，常從富人、能捨之人乞求不得，一切皆知、皆言：『汝是妄語舌人。』是故不與，惡病而死，是彼前世妄語惡業餘殘果報。
2. 609 “When one finally escapes that hell, one may, due to karmic actions to be experienced in other lives, avoid birth as a starving spirit or an animal, and instead be born with the general lot in life of a human. Yet, in terms of effects that accord with the causal act of lying, one will in that case constantly be ill, suffer from seizures of the throat, and be afflicted with oral diseases. One will be poor, and when one asks donors and benefactors for medicine one will not be trusted but instead dismissed as a swindler. Thus, one will fall fatally ill and die.
