1.No. 721正法念處經，元魏婆羅門瞿曇般若流支譯
2.藏譯英The Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma, Saddharma smṛtyupasthāna https://read.84000.co/translation/toh287.html.
地獄品之十一
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處名黑肚處，是彼地獄第六別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若何等人取佛財物而自食用，不還不償，不信彼業而復更取、復教他取，為作住持；或施佛已，復還攝取；或他與物令使施佛，而自食用。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄生黑肚處受大苦惱。
2. 1184 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Black Belly. Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive how some people without permission take gifts offered to the Buddha. They partake of such offerings in an impure manner: without any conviction in the consequences of karmicactions, they partake of the gifts themselves and may also cause others to do so. When those who in this way treat the Buddha’s possessions and donations lightly separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell known as Black Stomach.
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。復有勝者，所謂：彼處飢渴燒身，自食其身，食已復生，食已復生。如是無量百千億歲，食已復生，生已增長。兩重受苦飢渴苦惱，於彼惡業所受苦惱百倍更重，自作苦惱還自押身。
2. 1185 “The beings in that realm experience the combined tortures of the Reviving Hell and the other six hells, intensified a hundredfold. In particular, tormented by hunger and thirst they will consume their own flesh. They will then be revived, and this state will go on for many billions of years. [F.272.b] In this way, they will undergo a twofold suffering that is intensified one hundred times by their own doing. While tormented by starvation and thirst, they must also endure the pain that derives from the consumption of their own bodies.
彼人如是自食身肉，處處馳走，既如是走，有黑肚蛇如黑雲色，執彼罪人，從足甲等稍稍漸齧，合骨而食，食已復生；生已復食，食已復生。如是久時，以惡業故，如是被食，以彼罪人食用佛物；諸福田中，佛福田勝，損佛物故如是受苦。
2. 1186 “When these beings who consume their own bodies somehow manage to escape, they will encounter a giant gray snake with a black stomach. This snake will gradually ingest them completely, including their nails, bones, and so on. They will then be revived, only to be swallowed once again. Thus, those who mistreated the best among all, the Buddha, will suffer for a long time.
既得脫已，入焰鐵地，佉陀羅炭火炎相似，入彼地中一由旬量，彼人入火，無量百千億歲煮燒，復更增長，如是極煮。若得脫已，望救望歸，彼處復有閻魔羅人以焰鐵鉗，鉗取其身置鐵鑊中，煮之極熟如大小豆，燒煮轉捩，若浮若沈，受堅鞕苦、第一惡苦，如是苦惱不可譬喻。
2. 1187 “If they manage once again to escape, they will sink into a pit of teak tree embers one league wide. They will then be stuck there, burning and broiling for many billions of years. If they manage to escape this, they will run off as best they can, yearning for safety, refuge, and protection. Yet they will encounter the henchmen of the Lord of Death who will seize them with burning tongs and stuff them into a burning iron pot. There they will broil, burn, and boil like peas and lentils, swirling around from the top to the bottom. It is not easy to find an example to illustrate the gravity of their terrifying and excruciating pain.
一切三界因果相似，彼人所受地獄苦中，百分千分、歌羅分中不及其一。如是苦惱百千勢力，第一苦惱大海所漂，自業果證。乃至作集惡不善業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，於彼黑肚地獄之處爾乃得脫。
There is no causal relationship anywhere else within the three realms that can match even a hundredth or a thousandth of a fraction of the pain that these hell beings must endure. Thus, as they are tossed around in a swirling ocean of terrible pain, undergoing hundreds of thousands of tortures, the effect of their own actions becomes directly perceptible, and until their unwholesome actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, they will continue to boil.
既得脫已，千二百世生於食屎餓鬼之中。若得脫已，於七百世生於食吐畜生之中。既得脫已，難得人身，如龜遇孔。若生人中同業之處，作食屎等邪見外道。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 1188 “At some point in the future those beings will escape the hell of Black Belly. [F.273.a] However, in accordance with their causal actions, after that they will be born two hundred times as starving spirits subsisting on filth. When they become free of that condition, they will take birth seven hundred times as animals that subsist on vomit. If then, with the likelihood of a sea turtle poking its head through a yoke floating on the ocean, they should be born with the general lot in life of a human, they will become cow herders who feed on garbage.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處名身洋處，是彼地獄第七別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：有人行惡，取法財物，而自食用，作而復集，業業普遍，作業究竟，復教他作。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄生身洋處受大苦惱。
2. 1189 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Battered Bodies. Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive how some people partake of offerings given to the Dharma. Thus, they may complete and accumulate such acts, including their relevant preparatory stages and conclusions, and they may also encourage others to indulge in such acts. When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell known as Battered Bodies.
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。復有勝者，所謂：彼處有二鐵樹皆悉焰燃，惡業風吹迭互相合，彼地獄人在二樹中，極勢相觸如多羅葉，機關壓拶身體消洋，又復更生，生已復拶。
2. 1190 “The beings in that realm experience the combined tortures of the Reviving Hell, and so forth, intensified a hundredfold. Thus, even bringing to mind the mere names of their tortures is not easy. In particular, two burning iron trees grow there, and the fierce winds of karmic action make their branches strike each other. Stuck between these two trees the hell beings will be forcefully beaten and battered from the right and left, 164 and so their bodies will end up like the leaves of the palmyra palm. They will then be reborn, but only to be battered again. Caught between these two terribly torturous, giant trees, these hell beings will be thrown against each other and subjected to physical torment.
兩樹直來，兩邊拶身受大苦惱，如是蹉捩消洋墮地。彼有鐵鳥，金剛惡嘴，在彼樹上啄罪人頭，啄已上樹，數數如是，罪人頭破，啄眼而食，罪人唱喚悲啼號哭，復食其眼，破其頭已，而飲其腦；既飲腦已，次劈其心；既劈心已，而飲肉血；彼既飲已，次食其腸；既食腸已，次食其胃；既食胃已，次食熟藏；食熟藏已，次食其髖；既食髖已，次食其髀；既食髀已，次食其脛；既食脛已，次食足趺；食足趺已，次食足指。彼人如是受堅鞕苦，於長久時年歲無數。
2. 1191 “When at some point the trees stop shaking, [F.273.b] the hell beings, bruised and battered, will fall to the ground. When they fall, iron birds with vajra beaks will swoop down upon them from the branches of the trees. Cracking open their skulls, the birds will proceed to devour their brains. As the hell beings wail and moan miserably, the birds will also consume their eyes. Splitting open their heads, they will swallow their brains. Then they will sever the hell beings’ hearts, hop into their bodies, and guzzle their blood. Bit by bit, they will proceed to consume their intestines, spleens, entrails, groins, thighs, knees, and toes, and so the hell beings will undergo intense suffering for innumerable years.
百年中數亦不可盡，無少相似，今說少分，如大海中取一掬水置於異處，如是所說，唯說一分。彼惡業人如是長時受堅鞕苦，如是乃至作集惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
In fact, the mere names of these tortures could not easily be fathomed in a hundred years. What is presented here is just a slight introduction to some partial aspect of their suffering, like a cup of water drawn from the sea. Yet, the monk will understand how these beings experience the torturous consequences of their completed and accumulated acts until finally those acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
既得脫已，於一千世生於食唾餓鬼之中，有命而已，第一飢渴苦惱燒身。彼處若脫，生畜生中而作大魚，在大海中醎水之處，常在大海水中而住，謂那迦羅，若摩伽羅，若作大龜，常患飢渴，醎水中行經一千世。
2. 1192 “When they finally escape this hell, they will, as an effect that accords with their causal deeds, be born one thousand times as starving spirits, subsisting on spit. Barely keeping alive, they will suffer from extreme hunger and thirst. If they should die and then escape the world of starving spirits,they will next take birth as fish in the salty sea. Caught within the confines of the ocean, they will fall prey to crocodiles, sea monsters, and sea turtles. Thus, suffering from constant starvation and thirst, [F.274.a] they must partake of the ocean’s salty waters for one thousand lives.
既脫彼處，於過去世有人業熟，若生人中同業之處，所在國土二王中間疆界之處，彼二國王常共鬪諍。彼人財物聚集得已，為他所取，王罰而取；既奪取已，獄中守掌，飢渴燒身，從他得食，受極苦惱。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 1193 “Once they are free from that state, if they should be born with the general lot in life of a human, they will take birth on the border between two warring countries. All their accumulated wealth will be taken in plunder and they will be subjected to royal punishment. They will be captured and imprisoned and thus suffer from starvation and thirst, barely keeping alive, and at the mercy of others.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處名夢見畏，是彼地獄第八別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：若何等人於多比丘眾聚和合欲食之食，取而食之。
2. 1194 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Terrifying Nightmares. Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive how during bad harvests some evil individuals may raid the storehouses of the saṅgha, partaking of and consuming the food and drink that had been reserved for monks.
令彼眾僧不得飲食，身受飢苦，不得念善、不得坐禪、心不寂靜。彼惡業人取僧現食，取已不懺、心不生悔，復於僧食憙樂欲取，復教他人，心生隨喜，業業普遍，作業究竟。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄夢見畏處受大苦惱。
As a result of the reduction in food supplies, the monks may suffer physically and become unable to direct their minds toward virtuous qualities. They may thus lose their appreciation of concentration and fail to train their minds. Without confession or regret, the perpetrators may even rejoice in their negative acts and instigate others to pursue them, including their preparatory stages and conclusions. When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell known as Terrifying Nightmares. [F.274.b]
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。復有勝者：一切眾生不知其名，彼大苦惱皆悉堅鞕，甚切難忍，所受苦惱自業所起，今說少分如海一渧。
2. 1195 “The beings in that realm suffer the combined agonies of the Reviving Hell, and so forth. In particular, the effects are here intensified a hundredfold. Still, all the infinite sufferings of excruciating, torturous, and unbearable pain that sentient beings experience here only manifest as the effects of their own actions. Even the names for the torments that these beings must suffer are hard to fathom. The following account expresses just a mere fraction of them, like a cup of water drawn from the ocean.
如人夢中所見不實，此地獄中所見如夢。見有惡人甚可怖畏，彼人手執種種器仗，若枷若杵，取地獄人、惡業行人置在鐵地，坐鐵凾中，以熱鐵杵，搗築其身并骨碎散，如蠟蜜塊，又復更生，生已棒打破壞碎散，是彼惡業作集勢力，受彼果報。
2. 1196 “Resembling the way humans may encounter horrors in a dream, the henchmen of the Lord of Death will appear before the beings in this hell of Terrifying Nightmares, wielding various sorts of hammers. The henchmen will seize the beings and pin them to the iron ground. Having thus pinned down their bodies within this world of iron, the henchmen will proceed to mash them with clubs and crush their skeletons as if they were honeycombs. The hell beings will then be revived, but only to once again suffer violent pulverization. In this way, until their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, they will continue to suffer these tormenting consequences.
若脫彼凾所受苦惱，復入鐵林，自業道行入彼鐵林，一切身分分分析裂，劈割令散，墮鐵床上，彼惡業人一切身分皆悉破壞。若脫彼處，望救望歸，處處馳走。
2. 1197 “Should they manage to escape this realm of torture, their karmic actions will next drive them into a forest of weapons. As they enter that forest, a rain of weapons will shower down upon them, causing extensive harm as the weapons cleave, crush, and pulverize them. With their bodies being smashed to pieces they may still try to run, yearning for protection, refuge, and safety.
復雨鐵刀劈割其身，一切筋脈斷絕破壞，唯有骨網，無有少肉可停蠅處，皮骨筋連，唯是骨網。
Yet great weapons will pour down upon them like a cleaving and crushing rain. Their veins and muscles will be ripped asunder until not even a piece of skin the size of a feather will remain on their bodies, but only bones.
更復雨鐵劈裂破碎，悲苦唱喚啼哭而走，處處馳走而不得脫。
As the weapons fall, their joints and vital points will be severed and cleaved, [F.275.a] causing them to howl, scream, and wail as they desperately try to escape.
自惡業起、不善業起，乃至作集不善惡業未盡未壞，極急燒煮一切身熟破滅壞爛，不善業故長遠時受，不得解脫；若彼惡業一切受盡，爾乃得脫。
2. 1198 “Thus, those deceived by their own negative acts of body and mind will be utterly boiled by their own actions. The experiences of the ripening of their actions will not stop, and there is therefore no escape from the experience of their unwholesome actions until all of it has been lived through.
既得脫已，於一千世生食瘡汁餓鬼之中。若脫彼處，於五百世生畜生中，常有石墮壓拶之處，身如葦等，受大苦惱，因此致死。
Once they escape, they will, as an effect that accords with their causal actions, be born one thousand times as starving spirits subsisting on spit. When they also become free from that state, they will be born five hundred times as insects in a bamboo grove and there suffer the injury of having their bodies flattened, as when sugarcane is ground between two stones.
彼處得脫，若生人中同業之處，常貧常病，為他所使，曠野嶮岸饒沙之處、草稀之處、無草之處、無水之處、離澤之處、常怖畏處、惡國土生。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
Once they are free from that state, should they be born with the general lot in life of a human, they will be poor and sickly, and they will be ordered around by others. Born in a sandy desert or a canyon, they will find no water, no grass, no forests, no ponds, and no pools, but only constant harm.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處名曰身洋受苦惱處，是彼地獄第九別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：有檀越家，常有好心正信成就，恒於病人、於出家人為差病故與其財物。如此財物，隨何病人令得病差。而有惡人、貝聲行人，內心不善，離善知識遠無漏道，被服袈裟而是大賊，食彼供養病人財物，用已不懺、心不生悔、不還不償，復教他人令往隨喜，而復貪取。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄生在身洋受苦惱處，受大苦惱。
2. 1199 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Terrible Dangling of Battered Bodies. Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive how some donors or benefactors offer medicine to be used by the sick. They do so with respect, faith, sincerity, and pure motivation and they may even deliver that medicine to the homes of the ill. However, some evildoers, who conduct themselves like oxen, who are hollow inside, and who wear saffron-colored garments, [F.275.b] may seize the medicinal supplies that belong to the sick and consume them themselves. Such people may not confess their misdeeds, nor regret or purify them. Instead they may repeat such acts and inspire others to follow suit, establishing them in the practice and making them feel good about it, letting their minds relish such deeds again and again. When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell of Terrible Dangling of Battered Bodies.
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。復有勝者：彼地獄處一由旬量熱沸鐵樹，彼樹焰燃，惡業所作。
2. 1200 “The beings in that realm experience the combined tortures of the Reviving Hell, and so forth. In particular, this hell features iron trees, one league tall, that have giant, burning branches and flaming interiors.
彼地獄處有熱焰石，金剛相似，觸甚堅鞕，百倍焰燒。
The stones in this hell are as hard as vajra and they burn fiercely, just like the branches of the trees. The ferocity with which the fires of the trees consume things is increased several hundredfold.
如是火樹熾然極高，樹根下處彼地獄生，四百四病增長苦惱，獨而無伴，頭面在下，脚足在上。彼樹炎熱勢力熾盛，形地獄火，則如氷冷。
Underneath the roots of these trees the beings of this hell are born. They are afflicted and attacked by the four hundred and four diseases, which they must endure, alone and unaccompanied. Their heads point downward and their feet upward, and the power of the fire in the trees is so strong that any other fire would seem like cool water in comparison.
彼樹根汁，一種苦壓遍罪人身無毛頭許。彼病苦重於火百倍，樹壓苦惱復過於是，時節久遠，年歲無數受如是苦。彼處復有閻魔羅人手執鐵刀，脈脈遍割。
Thus, the beings of this realm suffer at the roots of these trees without ever receiving the tiniest bit of relief. Afflicted by diseases, burned by the hundredfold fires, and caught under the trees, they will endure torture for innumerable years. While suffering so, they will also be found by the weapon-wielding henchmen of the Lord of Death. The henchmen will use their weapons to slice through all the hell beings’ vital points and skin them alive.
彼地獄處受五種苦，謂樹、火、鐵、飢渴、病苦，於長久時年歲無數，聞者毛起百那由他，此說少分堅鞕苦惱、惡味苦惱。乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
Thus, for innumerable years these beings must undergo the five tortures of disease, fire, weaponry, hunger, and thirst. [F.276.a] Subjected to millions of hair-raising horrors, 165 they will continue to experience excruciating, distressing, and intense pain until finally their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
既得脫已，於七百世生食火烟餓鬼之中，飢渴燒身，如燒林屋。彼處得脫，於五百世生畜生中，作被燒龍，常雨熱沙墮其身上而被燒煮。
2. 1201 “Once they escape this hell they will, as an effect that accords with their causal actions, be born as starving spirits, subsisting only on embers and smoke. Tormented by hunger and thirst, their bodies will look like scorched pine trees. Once they escape the world of starving spirits, they will be born five hundred times as animals that are burned and boiled in a rain of embers and sand.
於畜生中既得脫已，若生人中同業之處，住叢林中常負塼等，盡生極苦，不曾一飽、不得美食，唯聞好食美味之名，為奴他使，貧病凡賤。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
When they become free from the animal realm, should they be born with the general lot in life of a human, they will live in crowded places where they resort to eating stones. 166 Living an extremely painful life, they will never know a full stomach. They may hear about good food, but they will never so much as touch it with the tips of their tongues. They will be enslaved by others and live in poverty, sickly and despised.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處名兩山聚，是彼地獄第十別處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：有人行惡，於辟支佛飢欲噉食，而便偷取。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄兩山聚處受大苦惱。
2. 1202 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Falling Like Rain on High Mountains. Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive how some people take the food of solitary buddhas. When they later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell known as Falling Like Rain on High Mountains.
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。復有勝者，所謂：彼處多有鐵棒鐵戟、鐵鑊鐵凾苦惱，上兩鐵山，與種種苦。彼處多雨勝勝山聚，從上而墮一由旬量唯兩山聚。打彼罪人，身體散壞猶如沙摶，散已復生；生已復散，散已復生。有十一焰周遍燒身，火燒身已，次復破眼，破已復生。
2. 1203 “The beings in that realm experience the combined tortures of the Reviving Hell, and so forth, intensified a hundredfold. In particular, they are trapped within clay pots, or valleys, where they suffer under a downpour of weapons such as hammers and spears that cascade downward like mountain torrents. [F.276.b] On top of that, mountains that are one league high will fall upon them and pulverize them so that they come to resemble a handful of sand that is thrown to the wind. When thus reduced to dust, they will be revived, only to be pulverized once again. Also, surrounded by eleven fires, their bodies will be consumed by flames that in the end leave no remainder. Their eyes will be plucked out, chopped up, cut to pieces, and scattered around.
閻魔羅人復割其舌，割已復生，復割其鼻，熱白鑞汁置其割處。復割其耳，熱赤銅汁置耳令滿，以熱鐵鉢盛熱沸灰，以灑其耳，復以利刀割而復削。
Henchmen of the Lord of Death will cut off their tongues, which then will grow back. Their noses will be cut off and the holes filled with boiling lead. Their ears will be filled with boiling copper. Iron cauldrons filled with noxious boiling acid will be fetched and the acid will be sprayed on them while their bodies are chopped up with meat cleavers.
四百四病常具足有。火焰普遍合為一焰，受極熱苦。彼地獄處於長久時，無有年數，乃至作集不善惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
They will also constantly be afflicted by the four hundred and four diseases. All these painful miseries will swell into a single raging fire of torment. In this manner, these beings will experience viciously excruciating pain until finally their completed and accumulated misdeeds have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted. Thus they will suffer for innumerable years.
既得脫已，於五百世，生蠅虫等遍覆其身，常所唼食，身有瘡孔，孔有惡虫噉食其身，在屏中住，常食糞屎餓鬼之中。若脫彼處，於七百世生畜生中曠野惡處，常受鹿身，飢渴燒煮。
2. 1204 “When they finally are free from this hell, they will, as an effect that accords with their causal deeds, be born five hundred times as starving spirits that are attacked by biting ants and that subsist only on spit. When they become free from that condition, for seven hundred lives they will take birth as forest deer with an inauspicious call.
既得脫已，若生人中同業之處，身常負重，被打身壞，晝夜不安，手足皆破口常乾燥，身體色惡，衣裳破壞，是彼惡業餘殘果報。
In the event that they are freed from that condition and are born with the general lot in life of a human, they will live as porters who are employed by others. [F.277.a] Their bodies will be broken under numerous types of oppression and they will know no happiness during the night or day. Their hands and feet will be rough, and their faces will always have a savage look. Their complexions and bodily odor will be foul, and they will always roam around without clothes.
雖生人中，於五百世非是正人，與鬼相似，身常苦惱晝夜不安。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
If they are born as humans in accordance with such karmic actions, their bodies will resemble those of starving spirits for more than five hundred lives. Throughout the night and day, they will find no comfort in body or mind.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處，彼處名為閻婆叵度，是彼地獄第十一處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：有人野處於河澤中，取濟活命，彼河澤處是第一業，一切田地穀等食具皆從彼得，以存性命。有惡心人斷截彼河，河既斷已，彼處國土一切皆失，鳥鹿亦死，況復人類，城邑聚落一切沙門、婆羅門等皆悉渴死。彼河斷故，國土人民一切死盡。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄閻婆叵度別異處生，受大苦惱。
2. 1205 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Sound of the Jambu Bird. Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive how, at isolated places with little water, cruel people out of anger cut off the water supplies that other beings need, depend upon, and receive their vital sustenance from. Thus, they may render that entire location unsuitable for living beings, such that all the animals there, from deer to birds, will die. Moreover, the mendicants and brahmins in the villages and towns will suffer harm and become tormented by thirst. When those people, who thus render a location unfit for life by redirecting the water, later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell known as Sound of the Jambu Bird.
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。復有勝者，所謂：彼處七百由旬如大曠野，嶮岸高山大火焰燃，多有鐵樹。彼地獄人顛倒見故，見有河池樹林具足，彼患飢渴第一惡火燒其身已，唱喚號哭走向彼池，作如是意：我到彼處飲彼池水。
2. 1206 “The beings in that realm experience the combined tortures of the Reviving Hell, and so forth. In particular, they will hallucinate an exquisite place filled with streams, trees, groves, and pools that actually turns out to be a wilderness stretching for seven hundred leagues, featuring torturous, burning iron trees and boulders. Because they are exposed to the ferocious fire [F.277.b] of an incomparably excruciating hunger and thirst, these hell beings cry and wail, and when they perceive the pools, they race toward them, longing for something to drink.
既到彼池，有熱沸灰滿河池中。於彼池所，閻魔羅人手執鐵刀，執彼罪人以刀削割，受二苦惱：一、刀割苦；二、飢渴苦。彼人如是在曠野處刀破其身，受大苦惱於長久時。
Yet the pools turn out to be pits of boiling acid. At that point, one hundred henchmen of the Lord of Death, wielding hammers, will appear and capture the hell beings. They will proceed to subject them to their weapons, destroying 167 their bodies and breaking them apart. Thus, those beings will undergo a twofold misery, suffering under the weapons as well as from starvation and thirst. In this way, they will for a long time continue to suffer due to weapons and deprivation.
若脫彼處，以飢渴故處處馳走，飢渴燒身處處馳走，見有冷河，疾走往趣。彼人既走，池中有鳥身大如象，名曰閻婆，嘴利生焰，執地獄人上舉在空，舉已遊行，彼地獄人即失憶念，然後放之，如石墮地。彼中地處，焰堅惡觸，罪人墮地，碎為百分，復更和合；合已復散，散已復合。鳥復更取，如前所說，與彼苦惱。彼地獄人復有惡病，如前所說。如是無量百千億歲，受如是種惡鳥苦惱。
2. 1207 “Should they escape, they will, in the grip of thirst and starvation, take off as best they can. When they at some point perceive clear and cool water, they will hasten toward it, yet at the water lurk screaming jambu birds, the size of elephants. The birds will snatch them up with their sharp beaks and hurl them into the sky. Shocked, they will lose consciousness. When they fall back down, they will plummet like stones upon the burning, hard surface that is unbearable to touch. Their bodies will break into one hundred pieces, but will reassemble again so that the hell beings are restored. At that point, the birds catch them again and so they will suffer in the same way as before. They will also contract all manner of diseases, and in this way continue to suffer for many billions of years.
若脫彼處，而復更為閻魔羅人之所執持，置在熱沸赤銅旋河。既置彼處，身皆消洋如水沫消，又復更生，彼惡業人惡業行故，長久遠時如是燒煮無有年數。
2. 1208 “Should they escape from this, they will next be caught by the henchmen of the Lord of Death, who will proceed to cast them into a river of boiling copper. At that point, their bodies will burst like bubbles, yet they will revive and thus continue to experience the consequences of their actions for innumerable years.
破國土人，若得脫已，飢渴燒身處處馳走，自惡業故，所行之處鐵鉤滿道，其刃極利割破其足，自從足下次第至髀一切破裂；足破裂已，其身焰燃受極苦惱，唱聲啼哭，心生悔惱呻號叫喚，一切身分皆悉燒燃，燒已復起，起已復去，彼人如是心亂不正。
2. 1209 “If those who previously rendered land unfit for living should manage to escape from that river, they will rush away as best they can, starving and thirsting as they continue to experience the consequences of their actions. On their path will now appear pointed and extremely sharp spikes. [F.278.a] The spikes will break through the soles of their feet and penetrate all the way up to their knees. As their legs are pierced their bodies are tormented and they will suffer miserably. Pitifully howling, wailing, and crying, they will fall and sink into their own blood.
彼處復有焰齒狗來，遍齧罪人，一切身分皆令破壞，皮肉脂髓皆悉噉食，復飲其汁。彼破國土惡業行人，自業如是，於長久時受大苦惱，乃至作集惡不善業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 1210 “When they once again extricate themselves from this torment of all their limbs, they will stagger onward in terror. This time burning dogs will appear and latch onto them. The dogs will devour all their major and minor body parts, wolfing down everything from their skin, blood, flesh, and fat, even down to their bone marrow. Thus, until those who destroyed the environment have relinquished and exhausted their completed and accumulated misdeeds, they will continue to suffer.
既得脫已，於五百世生餓鬼中，極受苦惱。若脫彼處，於五百世生畜生中，作賒羅婆生生之世，入火被燒，或為蛇食、或為火燒、或為風殺。彼處既脫，若生人中同業之處，無戒時生，一切人中最為凡鄙。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
Later, they will, as an effect that accords with their causal actions, be born five hundred times as serpents that are killed by hail, other snakes, or storms. If, when free of such existences, they should be born with the general lot in life of a human, they will take birth in a family of denizens of a charnel ground and be despised by everyone.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處名星鬘處，是彼地獄第十二處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：有人行惡，於起滅定一切煩惱盡滅比丘，初起極飢，偷其食已心生歡喜，食已貪取，口說讚善，復教他人，業業普遍，作業究竟，作而復集，惡業堅鞕。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄生星鬘處受大苦惱。
2. 1211 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Garland of Stars. Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive how monks, who emerge from their practice of bringing all afflictions to exhaustion and ceasing desire, may become extremely hungry. At that time others may steal their food, and even appreciate, delight in, and relish this act. Thinking that such a misdeed is an excellent thing to do, they may even encourage others to do the same. Those who thus complete and accumulate such awful acts, [F.278.b] including their preparatory and concluding stages, will, when they later separate from their bodies, fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell known as Garland of Stars.
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。復有勝者，所謂：彼處地獄二角，普地獄處鑊湯焰燃如虛空星。於一角處，二十億數九那由他九千鉢頭摩六十億阿孚陀三十大鉢頭摩億百網億二十千鬘過如是數時節燒煮，煮熟燒熟，如魚動轉焰燃赤沸銅旋鑊中，燒煮增長，一切時燒受堅惡苦。彼惡業人唱喚心悔，自心惡業，長久遠時如是燒煮，如前所說。
2. 1212 “The beings in that realm experience the combined tortures of the Reviving Hell, and so forth, intensified a hundredfold. In particular, this hell has two sectors that are surrounded by cauldrons. One sector contains burning cauldrons that are aligned like bright stars. Within the cauldrons the hell beings will boil and broil, swirling like fish for trillions of quadrillions of quintillions of sextillions of septillions of octillions of years. 168 Thus, every single day they will wail and cry as they suffer an unbearable intensification of excruciating torments. As their despicable misdeeds come from their own minds, they will continue to boil for a long time.
彼人如是一受苦處若得脫已，又復更入勝熱味風，惡觸如刀，割一切脈，既割脈已，舉之在上，移向地獄第二角處。彼惡業人既到地獄第二角已，風吹億劍割彼罪人，一切身分皆悉散壞，唯有筋脈。彼人如是身唯筋縷，閻魔羅人然後執持，置在星鬘風吹鑊中，既置彼已，足在於上，頭面在下，頭面先入。
2. 1213 “If they manage to escape from that region, a razor-sharp wind known as riding on the mind and shoulders will descend upon them and rip through all their vital points. In this way they will be pushed into the second sector. Once driven there, their entire body will be minced and pulverized, leaving just sinew behind. Those remainders will then be picked up by henchmen of the Lord of Death. At this point, the wind will blow them into the cauldrons that are lined up like a garland of stars. As they fall into the cauldrons again and again, they will plunge with their feet pointing upward and heads pointing downward; they will fall head-first into the boiling copper.
彼復後時，熱沸赤銅先燒其眼，次燒髑髏，次燒其面，次燒其齒，次燒咽喉，熱赤銅汁置咽喉中，一切普燒不能唱喚、不能出聲，彼人如是受堅鞕苦。受彼苦已，更復有餘，閻魔羅人手執鐵杵打築其頭，既築其頭，一切身分皆悉跳建，頭身俱跳如魚動轉，過久遠時。如是兩角星鬘地獄在中煮熟，乃至作集不善惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
First their eyes will sink into the liquid metal, and then their faces and necks. [F.279.a] The burning metal will fill their throats, and, as they are thus burned alive, they can neither scream nor escape. While they in this way suffer miserably, the henchmen of the Lord of Death will keep whacking the head of anyone who happens to resurface. Thus, with their brains damaged and their bodies racked with pain, their heads, bodies, and interior organs will keep swirling about like fish for long periods of time. In this way they will remain boiling within the second sector of the hell of Garland of Stars until their completed and accumulated acts have finally been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
既得脫已，於一千世生在悕望餓鬼之中，常受苦惱，飲食難得，於百年中，或得不得。彼處脫已，於五百世生畜生中，在隘迮處而受鹿身，心常驚恐，於一切人皆生怖畏，於嶮岸中離人之處，常怖畏故羸瘦無色、身體乾枯，惡業力故，獵人所殺。
2. 1214 “Once their completed and accumulated acts have been exhausted, they will escape. However, in accordance with their causal actions, they will next be born one thousand times as starving spirits, hankering for food —for seven hundred lives they will, under great duress, obtain food only once every hundred years. Thereafter ensue five hundred lives as mountain deer that live in confusion and dread, terrified of people even though their mountains are unpopulated. In this way, they will live in constant delusion, emaciated and with an unsightly appearance. Finally, due to the remainder of their karmic actions, huntsmen will appear in their habitat and slay them.
既得脫已，若生人中同業之處，則常治生，身為導主，飢渴常乏，一切時行，常繫屬他，為他所使，依他活命，與人相似，非是正人，常受苦惱。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 1215 “If at that point their particular karmic experience determines that they are born with the general lot in life of a human, they will always become guides who escort merchants on their journeys. They will suffer constant hunger, thirst, exhaustion, and anxiety. Depending on others in numerous ways, they will barely manage to eke out a living. Living as pale reflections of humans, they will be haunted by perpetual misery.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處，彼處名為一切苦旋，是彼地獄第十三處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：有惡心人起顛倒意，於一切智所說言語、書畫文字，除滅隱障令失法身，令諸眾生不得信佛。若聞正法則生信心，以無法故眾生不信。
2. 1216 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Tormented by All Suffering. [F.279.b] Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive how some people develop aggression and wrong view with respect to books that contain the statements of the Omniscient One. Thus, they may perversely develop the spiteful intention of thinking, ‘I will destroy all the bases of Dharma, so that those who listen to the Buddha will cease to have faith.’
如是心意、如是邪見，作集惡業，垢心惡心，若教他人令住隨喜，如是作已，後復更作，惡心意故，業業普遍，作業究竟，復於彼處，作已復作。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄一切苦旋別異處生，受大苦惱。
Thus, due to their wrong view they will dispose of the Dharma scriptures and may even encourage others to complete, accumulate, and rejoice in such acts. Those who maliciously dispose of the scriptures containing the Dharma, initiating such acts and then completing them and rejoicing in them, will subsequently, as they separate from their bodies, fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell known as Tormented by All Suffering.
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。復有勝者，所謂：彼處熱沸赤銅置其眼中，二眼皆滿，或以熱沙金剛惡觸揩磨其眼，消洋碎散，又復更生，生已復揩。
2. 1217 “The beings in that realm will experience the combined tortures of the Reviving Hell and the other six hells. In particular, their eyes will be sprayed with molten copper. Similarly, burning sand that is hard like vajra will be sprayed into their eyes and then rubbed in while their bodies are pinned down, causing excruciating pain. As the burning sand is rubbed into their eyes, they will melt and grow back again, only to receive more of the burning sand.
復以利鋸割截其手，截已復生，生已復截。復置焰鑊，頭在下入，身在鑊外，如是極煮，半身鑊外，利刀割削。以眼看法，滅壞法故，受如是報；以手揩磨滅壞法故，受鋸截報。
Similarly, their hands will be sawed off and grow out again. They will then be tossed into a burning cauldron and, while half of their body boils, the other half will be cleaved and cut up with weapons. Such is the ripening of having seen the sacred the sacred Dharma with one’s own eyes and then discarded it. Those who discarded the Dharma with their hands will, as their acts ripen, have their hands cut off. [F.280.a]
以本惡心隱滅法故，在鑊中坐。金剛嘴鳥拔心而食，飲其心汁，以惡心故受如是苦。身坐鑊中，背分在上，不入鑊處，閻魔羅人執利斤斧，以斤其皮，令使下脫，嚴熱灰汁而灌洗之，焰熱利針遍刺其身，焰熱鐵輪疾轉在頭，如是受苦。若脫彼處，墮消洋地苦常不斷，作集業故，於地獄中受如是苦。乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 1218 “While those who accumulated such misdeeds are kept in the boiling cauldrons, birds will swoop down on them and dig into the upper half of their bodies with their sharp and burning beaks, gobbling their flesh and guzzling their bodily juices. Next, the remainder of the flesh on the lower half of their bodies that floats within the cauldrons will be cleaved to pieces by the henchmen using axes. The henchmen will hack off the outer layer of skin and spray the underlying flesh with acid. They will then proceed to pierce the body with sharp, burning needles. Then a wheel will be set spinning on their heads and, when they are released, they will be forced to drink the continuous stream of substances that flows from their heads. These are the torturous experiences of those who committed and accumulated such vicious acts and, until their negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, they will continue to suffer in this manner.
雖脫彼處，於五百世生在食煙餓鬼之中，惡行覆身，心受苦惱、心亂不止。若脫彼處，於七百世生畜生中作夜行虫，若作獯狐兔梟等鳥。
2. 1219 “When at some point they become free from this hell, they will, as an effect that accords with their causal actions, be born five hundred times as starving spirits that subsist only on smoke. Thus, with their minds obscured by the experience of the lower realms, their bodies will experience torments. If they escape that condition, they will next be born seven hundred times as owls that only stir at night and keep a downward gaze.
脫彼處已，過去久遠有人業者，若生人中同業之處，生雪山中，食惡飲食，恒常貧窮，於三百世夷人中生。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
If, when they become free from the animal realm, their karmic experience should make them take birth with the general lot in life of a human, they will spend seven hundred lives in the snowy mountains, subsisting on animal skins, 169 thus living in poverty among barbarians.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處名臭氣覆，是彼地獄第十四處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：有人邪見故，以惡心憶念思惟，隨順瞋心生喜樂意，於僧田地或甘蔗田、園林果樹，或復眾僧餘受用處，放火焚燒，如此燒僧所受用物，令諸比丘衰損失壞，業業普遍，作業究竟，和合相應。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄臭氣覆處受大苦惱。
2. 1220 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Blanket of Smell. Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive how some people with wrong view purposely, willfully, happily, [F.280.b] knowingly, and compulsively seek to destroy monks by burning their possessions. Thus, they may burn the fields, sugarcane crops, vegetable gardens, parks, or other facilities meant to provide the livelihood of the saṅgha. When those who engaged in such acts, including their preparatory and concluding stages, later separate from their bodies, they will fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell known as Blanket of Smell.
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。復有勝者，所謂：彼處有熱焰網名針孔網，熱焰普遍遍地獄中，惡業罪人既生彼處，閻魔羅人焰利大刀、熱箭射之，驅入焰燃針孔網中不能得走，彼惡業人彼處繫縛不能得脫。
2. 1221 “The beings in that realm suffer the combined tortures of the Reviving Hell and the other six hells, intensified a hundredfold. In particular, they are encircled by a flaming net with holes no larger than the eye of a needle. Henchmen of the Lord of Death will shoot sharp, flaming arrows to penetrate the lungs of the hell beings and, as these hell beings seek to escape, they will run into the net. Unable to break through the net, they will be immobilized; the sharp net will not let them through.
彼網極利削割其手，復削其脇，復削其背，一切身分皆悉遍削，唯有骨在。網割削已，閻魔羅人甘蔗杖打，百倒千倒、若百千倒。彼惡業人惡業遍覆受彼箭苦，於長久時受大苦惱，堅鞕惡觸，所受苦惱無異相似。彼地獄中極受大苦，乃至作集惡不善業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
Instead, the sharp fabric will cut off their hands and lacerate the sides of their bodies. All their major and minor body parts will be severed until only the bones remain. While enmeshed in this net, they will be slaughtered hundreds and thousands of times by the henchmen’s sharp axes. In this way, those who are obscured by the web of karmic action will long suffer the torment of the arrows. Until their completed and accumulated unwholesome actions have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted, these hell beings will continue to suffer a vicious and excruciating pain that is unlike anything else.
雖脫彼處，於七百世生於食血餓鬼之中，唯食產血。若脫彼處，於五百世生畜生中，作雞孔雀鸜鵒等鳥。
2. 1222 “When they finally escape this hell they will, as an effect that accords with their causal actions, be born seven hundred times as starving spirits that emit the awful sounds of an infant being delivered in the home. 170 When also free from that condition, [F.281.a] they will take birth five hundred times in the animal realm, living among the excrement of domestic poultry, peafowl,or oxen.
脫彼處已，若生人中同業之處，於旃陀羅屠兒家生。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
If, when free of such an existence as that, they should be born with the general lot in life of a human, they will, as an effect that accords with their causal actions, be born in the home of a family of savages. 171
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處名鐵鍱處，是彼地獄第十五處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：有人輕心誑心惡意，於儉時世請喚比丘，作如是言：於此年中我家夏坐，病藥所須我皆供給，一切勿憂，莫生異意。』彼諸比丘心皆生信，時世復儉，信彼人故，更不餘求。既赴夏坐，彼惡心人一切不與，驅令使去。
2. 1223 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Iron Plates. Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive how an unstable, unreliable, and deceitful person may provide monks with medical remedies and food during the summer, when the monks otherwise have no food. In this manner, such a person may then invite monks and tell them to have few worries, not trouble themselves much, and have few concerns. He will make the monks believe in him to the extent that they will not look for any other benefactor for the times when food is scarce. In this way, such unwholesome persons will cause the monks to become careless.
時世儉故，彼諸比丘或有死者，或有比丘失前夏者，或有極受飢渴苦者，或有比丘向異國者。如是惡人棄捨比丘，妨廢惱亂，彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄生鐵鍱處受大苦惱。
Consequently, during a period without food some of them may die, others may become unable to develop virtuous qualities, some may suffer, and so they will leave for other places. Those who thus lie to monks will be born in the hell of Iron Plates.
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。復有勝者，所謂：彼處地獄罪人，十一焰聚周匝圍遶，常患飢渴，閻魔羅人數數常以熱赤銅汁熟鐵塊摶，令飲令噉。彼罪人身乃於無量大鉢頭摩三余多數、尼余多數，常燒常煮，乾燥破壞，又復更生。
2. 1224 “The beings in that realm experience the combined tortures of the Reviving Hell, and so forth. In particular, these hell beings live encircled by eleven fires and are tormented by hunger and thirst. Henchmen of the Lord of Death will keep boiling them in red copper, striking their deprived bodies with burning iron hammers [F.281.b] so that they appear like closed and open lotus flowers. Thus, the hell beings will be burned, boiled, desiccated, and slaughtered —only to be revived again.
復有勝苦，如業所作，閻魔羅人取熱鐵鍱，廣五由旬，焰火甚熾普一焰鬘，以彼鐵鍱裹其身體，一切爛熟，普身焰燃，唱喚號哭，破壞苦惱，無少樂事如針孔許可攀緣處。
As a special torture, in accordance with their actions, these deceivers will be encircled and surrounded by a fence of burning and blazing iron plates that measures five leagues across. With bodies ablaze they will wail miserably, lacking even as much happiness as could be contained within the eye of a needle.
如是鐵鍱火遍無間，如是惡觸，受苦叵耐。如是鐵鍱作飢作渴、作大熾火，受如是苦，乃至惡業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
The fire and the plates are constantly around them, causing terribly vicious, excruciating pain. Starving, thirsting, and suffering due to the plates and the fire, they will continue to undergo torment until finally their completed and accumulated negative acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
脫彼處已，於百千世生於食腦餓鬼之中。若脫彼處，於七百世生於食火畜生之中。彼處脫已，若生人中同業之處，於五百世為王不信，常繫在獄，飢渴而死。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
2. 1225 “Once they escape this hell they will, as an effect that accords with their causal deeds, be born seven thousand times as starving spirits subsisting only on brain matter. After that, they will be born seven thousand times as starving animals or animals that feed on fire. If, when free from such existences, their karmic actions to be experienced should cause them to beborn with the general lot in life of a human, they will in that case always be imprisoned by the authorities, and for five hundred lives they will die from hunger and thirst.
又彼比丘知業果報，復觀阿鼻大地獄處。彼見聞知：復有異處名十一焰，是彼地獄第十六處。眾生何業生於彼處？彼見聞知：有人惡行，若於佛像、若佛塔等、眾僧寺舍破壞拭滅，惡心破壞聖人住處，滅佛畫像。
2. 1226 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive a neighboring realm known as Advancing Fire. Inquiring into what type of karmic action may cause one to be born there, he will apply knowledge derived from hearing and thus perceive how some people develop the intent to annihilate that which is noble, as well as noble persons. Thus, they may demolish the temples of the Buddha [F.282.a] or destroy texts that contain the words of the Buddha.
或復有人非佛弟子，於佛不信，而自說言是佛弟子，為求過失而聽佛法，推求其便，聞已於法不生信入，如是毀呰樂行多作。彼人以是惡業因緣，身壞命終墮於惡處，在彼地獄十一焰處火中而行，受大苦惱。
Likewise, with a bias toward negativity, unlearned people may listen to the teachings of the Buddha from people of learning, yet without entering the Dharma-Vinaya they will instead speak ill of it. Those who resort to, become habituated to, and increase such acts will, when separating from their bodies, fall into the lower realms and be born in the hell of Advancing Fire.
所謂苦者，如前所說，活、黑繩等七大地獄所受苦惱，彼一切苦此中具受百倍更重。復有勝者，所謂：彼處有一千倍嚴惡毒蛇，彼蛇多饒普遍地獄，彼地獄人在中來去。閻魔羅人手執鐵棒，打令疾走為蛇所齧，復有執火，極熱燒燃。彼人如是二種火燒，謂毒火燒、地獄火燒，唱喚馳走悲號啼哭。
2. 1227 “The beings in that realm suffer the combined tortures of the Reviving Hell, and so forth, intensified a hundredfold, as well as thousands of other special ordeals. Once there, snakes will slither forth, forming a lattice into which the hell beings walk. 172 They will then be burned by hammer-wielding henchmen of the Lord of Death. They will also be burned by the snakes’ extremely powerful poison. Thus, burned by both poison and the fires of hell, they will wail and cry pitifully.
以唱喚故，閻魔羅人復為說偈，呵責之言：
汝以愛毒醉，一切癡心力，於正法頑鈍，今者徒叫喚。cf. Dhs.16.125
As they cry, the henchmen will utter the following instructional verses:
2. 1228 “ ‘Fools who mistook the sacred Dharma, In your delusion you became intoxicated By the poison of craving. Why do you pointlessly lament?
見惡業喜樂，唯貪現在樂，作惡初雖甜，後則如火毒。
2. 1229 “ ‘It seemed enjoyable when you acted in unwholesome ways, But when those come to an end, it no longer appears that way. The ‘pleasure’ of engaging in unwholesome actions Feels like fire when those actions stop.
作惡業之人，一切人毀呰；作善者皆讚，如是應捨惡。
2. 1230 “ ‘People who engage in negative acts Are despised by the whole world, Whereas those who practice virtue will always be praised. So, give up unwholesome actions.
見者不愛樂，惡報受苦惱，作惡得惡報，如是黠慧捨。
2. 1231 “ ‘Anger is unwanted, unbeneficial, And its ripening is most painful. It is evil and the ripening of evil. Therefore, the wise should give it up.
作惡不失壞，一切惡有報，惡皆從作得，因心故有作。
2. 1232 “ ‘Evil always entails evil; Where no evil is done, evil is absent. Evil depends on action. It is an outflow of activity. 173 [F.282.b]
由心故作惡，由心有果報，一切皆心作，一切皆因心。
2. 1233 “ ‘Evil depends on the mind, Just as its ripening depends on the mind. Mind can be seen to arise from conditions; It emerges from causes and conditions.
心能誑眾生，將來向惡處，此地獄惡處，最是苦惡處。
2. 1234 “ ‘Sentient beings who were fooled by their minds End up here due to the power of evil. Encountering tremendously powerful tortures, They wander into excruciating hell.
莫繫屬於心，常應隨法行，法行則常樂，惡行不寂靜。
2. 1235 “ ‘Those who master their minds will not make this journey, For those who master the Dharma do not travel here. Those who practice the Dharma will always be happy, And those who practice evil will not.
非法無善果，以不顛倒受，一切種種果，如因相似見。cf. Dhs.13.22-31
2. 1236 “ ‘Non-Dharma brings nothing good, And does not cause one to boil for no reason, For it is seen to accord with its causes. That is how these numerous effects have manifest.
果與因相似，異相非因果，如是無常法，皆因緣而生。
2. 1237 “ ‘Cause and effect manifest in accord And are never mistaken. These conditioned phenomena Arise as causes and conditions.
非無因見果，地獄中最勝；如因果相應，地獄中熟煮。
2. 1238 “ ‘Without a cause, no effect will be observed — Thus, the realms of hell are discerned. Engaging with the causes, one engages the effects, And so there will be boiling in hell.
作集業堅鞕，決定惡處行，業果相續縛，地獄中煮熟。
2. 1239 “ ‘Where ruthless actions were done and accumulated, The journey to the lower realms is certain. In consequence of one’s actions, One will boil within the realms of hell.
若懺悔方便，惡業則破壞，不見不愛果，實見者所說。
2. 1240 “ ‘By means of confession Karmic actions may be stopped. But if one is not interested in that, One will witness their effects as that path unfolds.
世間因光明，如業因得果，業果迭相因，一切法如是。
2. 1241 “ ‘Light depends on lamps, And effects depend on karmic actions. Each action will carry its own effect — Such is the way of all conditioned things.
見迭互因緣，迭互自在行，相似隨順縛，實見者所說。
2. 1242 “ ‘Each thing has its own cause, And carries its own result. That things arise in concordance Is seen by those who see reality.
一切世間法，非是無因果，非自在等作，實見者所說。
2. 1243 “ ‘The mind stream is not without causes and effects. Neither is it based on an Almighty, or the like. The origination of all conditioned things Is relied upon by those who see reality.
無始生死來，皆因緣而生，如業相似見，無法不相似。
2. 1244 “ ‘In cyclic existence without beginning or end, Things occur due to causes and conditions, And in accordance with specific karmic actions. Therefore, do not develop any wrong ideas!
若知愛作業，眾生業因生，彼人知業果，故名寂靜人。cf. Dhs.13.31
2. 1245 “ ‘Whatever you wish for is governed by karmic action, [F.283.a] And all living beings are born from causal karmic actions. Those who have knowledge of actions and their effects Should be acclaimed as pure beings.
自體作惡人，常為癡羂縛，已作惡業竟，云何心生悔？ cf. Dhs.16.126
2. 1246 “ ‘Ruled by the shackles of ignorance, You constantly pursued unwholesome actions. Since you engaged in actions that are unwholesome, Why are you infantile people so upset?
惡常依止惡，法常依止法，黠慧人俱捨，實見者所說。
2. 1247 “ ‘Evil remains evil, Just as Dharma remains Dharma. Those who teach otherwise Are shunned by the steadfast. 174
若迷道非道，則迷於佛法，彼不得寂靜，如日中無闇。cf. Dhs.13.32
2. 1248 “ ‘Those who are confused about the teaching of the buddhas, And about what is and what is not the path, Will have no peace, Just as in darkness there is no sunshine.
若人迷因緣，迷於法非法，法到惡地獄，極苦惱之處。cf. Dhs.16.127
2. 1249 “ ‘Those who are constantly in a quandary about Dharma and non-Dharma, And about causes and conditions, Achieve tremendous, extremely excruciating tortures Within terrifying hell.’
閻魔羅人因相應語呵責之已，復執戟鉾，以瞋怒心，復以無量種種器仗縛地獄人，無量百千鉢頭摩數，於長遠時斫刺打築，自業所作，如是受苦。乃至作集惡不善業未壞未爛、業氣未盡，於一切時與苦不止；若惡業盡，彼地獄處爾乃得脫。
2. 1250 “Once they have thus received instruction, Sanctioned by well-reasoned arguments, The henchmen of the Lord of Death armed with spears and clubs, Will next subject them to their wrathful fury.
2. 1251 “Thus, those who experience the consequences of their actions will for many hundreds of thousand of years continue to be slain by the henchmen, who wield numerous weapons, until finally their completed and accumulated acts have been overcome, relinquished, and exhausted.
既得脫已，於七百世生食糞屎餓鬼之中，是彼惡業餘殘勢力。若脫彼處，於五百世生畜生中作蚯蚓等，彼業勢力餘殘果報。脫彼處已，若生人中同業之處，生於邊地，身體黑色，漁人之屬下濕之處，水田無食，飲食難得，食水中虫。是彼惡業餘殘果報。
When at some point they escape this hell, they will be born seven hundred times as starving spirits that subsist on gutter fluids. Then, as an effect that accords with their causal actions, they will be born five hundred times as simisimi animals. 175 Once they are also free from that state, they will be born as crow-like, inferior humans, who subsist on eating spoiled food and drinking polluted fluids. [B18]
又彼比丘知業果報，觀察阿鼻大地獄處，更不見有第十七處，下向亦無、傍廂亦無、麁細俱無、近遠皆無，更無所攝，一切不見。
2. 1252 “As the monk who has knowledge of the effects of the ripening of karmic actions continues to examine the regions that surround the great hell of Ultimate Torment, [F.283.b] he will not find any adjacent or neighboring seventeenth realm, whether subtle or coarse, or to any side or below.
彼比丘如是思惟——見道思惟觀察盡邊：八大地獄各十六處眷屬之處，如是盡邊惡業人地，一切愚癡凡夫之人作集此地，作惡業人受證之處。八大地獄并眷屬處。
Thus, the monk who has seen the path will think as follows: ‘Amazing! I have now seen to their limit the eight hells and each of their sixteen neighboring hell realms. This is as far as the karmic action of misdeeds extends. These are the realms where infantile, ordinary beings meet with the tortures befitting their completed and accumulated acts. Once the actions they engaged in manifest, they are born in these eight great hells and, beyond, the extremely severe hell of Ultimate Torment.
我更不見異大地獄，更無異業一種生處，更無惡處如此阿鼻大地獄處，何處眾生得大苦惱！如此阿鼻大地獄處，毛起地獄於千分中不說一分。何以故？不可說盡，不可得聽，不可譬喻。
I do not perceive any ninth location where living beings are burned. And, indeed, it would not be easy for me to explain, convey, or illustrate even a thousandth fraction of just one single feature of those places.
地獄苦惱如是極惡、如是堅鞕、如是大苦、如是叵耐、如是苦惱，無異相似，不可喻苦。何以故？無人能說、無人能聽。若有人說、若有人聽，如是之人吐血而死。此大地獄不可愛樂、不可憶念，彼地獄苦，苦中之苦。
The suffering that beings must undergo in these hell realms is uniquely hard to endure and cannot be illustrated. Were I to convey the nature, extent, and reality of this torture, people would vomit blood and die. The tortures of these hell realms vastly exceed all other pains. They are so repulsive, revolting, and hideous.’
彼比丘如是觀察大地獄已，則於一切生死苦惱，心生厭離，觀察無常、苦、空、無我，見一切法皆悉無常，思惟聖諦，則於生死重生厭離，毀呰生死。如是生死，最為鄙惡。
2. 1253 “As the monk sees these hell realms, he becomes disenchanted by the suffering of cyclic existence, because he sees that all conditioned phenomena are impermanent, painful, empty, and devoid of self. As he continues to examine this truth of noble beings, he will become utterly free of desire for cyclic existence. Deeply distressed and disenchanted, he will despise cyclic existence.
彼比丘如是見已，生如是心：此諸眾生無有天眼，不知過去，離聞正法，復於地獄極苦惱處，第一苦處、第一惡處而復更生。此如是等愚癡凡夫，愛羂所縛，無始生死。
Seeing these excruciating and terrifying features of cyclic existence he thinks, [F.284.a] ‘Alas, these sentient beings lack divine vision. It is as if they had no eyes at all. Again and again they take birth in utterly excruciating hells —they are born into extremely torturous and horrifying modes of existence, and yet they feel no sadness. Within beginningless cyclic existence, these infantile, ordinary beings remain chained by the shackles of craving.’
又修行者內心思惟——隨順正法觀察法行，知彼比丘次第觀察一切惡處，從活地獄次第乃至阿鼻地獄，彼業果報一切悉知，得十三地，不樂魔界愛不自在，為脫愛縛，不住魔界喜樂無常。彼比丘欲斷使結，入涅槃城。
[The Thirteenth Ground]
2. 1254 “Thus, the monk, who is a spiritual practitioner, who carefully observes inner phenomena, and who applies continuous effort, will enter the thirteenth ground. He does so by means of observing all the ripenings of karmic action that create these utterly terrible hells, from the Reviving Hell down to Ultimate Torment. Without any interest in the objects of the māras, he does not fall under their sway. He cuts through their shackles and eludes their sphere of influence. Thus, with constant diligence he severs all latent bonds and enters the city of the transcendence of suffering.
彼地夜叉見其精進，心生歡喜，轉復上聞虛空夜叉說如是言：閻浮提中某國某村某善男子，某姓某名，剃除鬚髮被服法衣，正信出家，正行正道，正見不邪，行出世道，知業報法，得十三地，盡見一切地獄邊底，知無間苦。
2. 1255 “The terrestrial yakṣas who witness his efforts will inform the celestial yakṣas, saying, ‘A noble son of such and such a family, who is of such and such a village, town, and area, has shaved off his hair and beard, donned the saffron-colored robes, and with faith gone forth from the household to become a homeless mendicant. With effort and endeavor he has actualized the genuine path that is unlike any other, and accomplished the extraordinary view that is beyond the world. With knowledge of the ripening of karmic actions he has entered the thirteenth ground and is now aware of the way beings in hell suffer, from beginning to end.’
彼地夜叉，如是如是具足傳聞虛空夜叉，虛空夜叉向四大王，如前所說。彼四大王向四天王亦如是說，彼四天王向三十三天說如是，三十三天向夜摩天亦如是說，彼夜摩天向兜率天亦如是說，彼兜率天向化樂天亦如是說，彼化樂天向第六天亦如是說，次第乃至向少光天，如是說言：天今當聽！心當正念。閻浮提中某國某村，如是種姓某善男子，剃除鬚髮被服法衣，正信出家，彼正行法不曾休息，心不樂住魔之境界，不樂染愛、不樂欲染，色聲香味觸等境界，得十三地，八大地獄一切業報皆悉盡知。彼比丘如是知已，厭離無明黑闇生死。天今應知！魔分損減，正法增長。
2. 1256 “When the celestial yakṣas receive this news from the terrestrial yakṣas, they will, as before, inform the Four Great Kings, and from them the message will gradually pass to the gods in the Heaven of the Thirty-Three, the Heaven Free from Strife, the Heaven of Joy, [F.284.b] the Heaven of Delighting in Emanations, and the Heaven of Making Use of Others’ Emanations. From the former gods the following message will, in the same way as before, gradually travel to the gods in Limited Light: ‘O you gods, listen with your minds in utter composure. In Jambudvīpa a noble son of such and such a family, who is from such and such an area and land, has shaved off his hair and beard, donned the saffron-colored robes, and with faith gone forth from the household to become a homeless mendicant. With rigorous effort and endeavor, his contemplation has not waned, and so he has no interest in any of the things of the māras and has become disillusioned with the craving that accompanies desirous excitement. He has no desire for utterly tiresome and repulsive forms, sounds, smells, tastes, and textures, and thus he has entered the thirteenth ground. This monk has knowledge of the ripening of karmic action within all the eight hells, and he recognizes all the sufferings within the darkness of cyclic existence. Thus, he has become disenchanted, and correctly so. He has tied down all the brigades of the māras! He has roused all the forces of the sacred Dharma!’
彼少光天如是聞已，極大歡喜。其以得聞魔分損減、正法朋長，是故歡喜。
2. 1257 “When they hear this message the gods in Limited Light will be overjoyed and think, ‘The brigades of the māras have been bound, and the forces of the sacred Dharma have been roused!’
彼處諸天得聞正法，如是歡喜。未聞佛法諸天聞已猶尚歡喜，何況信心隨順行人、諦見正士，聞彼比丘知業報法、增長正法而不歡喜？
2. 1258 “In this way, the gods listen to the Dharma filled with joy. Thus, it goes without saying that the minds of holy beings, who are filled with faith and see reality, are joyous when the sacred Dharma is growing and expanding in accordance with such causal karmic actions.
