第十一 破時品
1. 瓶等在未來,即非有過現,未來過現有,便是未來無。
[索]瓶等諸法若在未來時,即應有過去與現在的瓶等;若在未來時的瓶等上有過去與現在,那麼未來應該無有。
問曰:未來的瓶並非完全無有過去的瓶,在未來體中還有未來的一分故,既然有未來的一分,也就有過去現在的一分,故無有任何過失。
2. 未來若已謝,而有未來體,此則恆未來,云何成過現。
[索]未來的瓶若已經謝滅,還有未來的未來體,如此恆常成為未來,怎麼成立過去呢?
(未來若已謝,而有未來體,此則恆未來,云何成過去。)
3. 法若在未來,現有未來相,應即為現在,如何名未來。
[索]法如果在未來時,能表現出未來的相,就該成為現在,怎麼名之為未來呢?
4. 去來如現有,取果用何無,若體恆非無,何為不常住。
[索]若未來式實有,過去式實有,現在式實有,諸法於何時當無有呢?若一切時皆是實有,由何因緣使彼三世法成為無常?
(未來過去有,現有復何無,若一切時有,何緣彼無常。)
5. 過去若過去,如何成過去,過去不過去,如何成過去。
[索]過去式如果已經過去了,又如何成為過去式呢?過去式沒有過去,又如何能成為過去式呢?
6. 未來若有生,如何非現在;未來若無生,如何非常住。
[索]未來式如果現在有生起存在,那怎麼不是現在呢?未來式如果無有生,那怎麼不是常住法呢?
問曰:未來雖然在現在未生,然而由因緣具備即能生起成為現在,所以不會有常住不生的過失。
7. 若未來無生,壞故非常者,過去既無壞,如何謂為常。
[索]若言未來雖然無有生,但由後來的因緣能壞滅其無生之相,故不是常住不生法;然過去時既然無壞,為什麼說是非常住法呢?理應為常。
8. 現在世無常,非由過去等,除斯二所趣,更無有第三。
[索]若許時法實有,過去與現在都不應成立為無常遷流之法,而除去這兩種時趣,第三種時趣也不會成立。
(過去與現在,皆不成無常,除斯二趣外,第三亦非有。)
問曰:未來法應實有,因為先有其實體存在,才會在後來遇因緣現前,如果先無實體,其後決定不會生起,如同無實體的石女兒一樣,無論集合多少因緣,也不會有生。
9. 若後生諸行,先已有定性,說有定性人,應非是邪執。
[索]如果未來生起的諸法,生起之前已經有定性實體,應成那些宣說諸法定性無變的外道行人,所說的不是邪執顛倒。
10. 若法因緣生,即非先有體,先有而生者,生已復應生。
[索]若法由因緣生,就不會在生起前有實體,先有實體而後生起者,應成產生之後仍需再生的過失。
問曰:未來是實有的,因為瑜珈師由願智力可以現見有未來法,如果未來法全然無有如同石女兒,那瑜珈師又如何現見授記未來事件呢?
11. 若見去來有,如何不見無,既見有去來,應不說為遠。
[索]若能現見未來法實有存在,為何不能見到無體的無法呢?既然現今在瑜珈師前有未來法,則不應說這些是遠在未來的法,而應說為現在法。
(若見未來有,何不見無法,既現有未來,應不說為遠。)
12. 未來法若有,修戒等唐捐;若少有所為,果則非先有。
[索]未來法若實有,修持淨戒等善法應成唐捐無義;若需要少分的作為,那麼未來果法則不是先有實體。
13. 諸行既無常,果則非恆有;若有初有後,世共許非常。
[索]諸有為法既然無有常性,那麼果法不是恆有;如果某法有起端有後端,世間共許它是無常。
14. 應非勤解脫,解脫無去來,或許有去來,貪應離貪者。
[索]若一切未來法無有,應成不能由勤修善法得解脫,因為未來的解脫不存在的緣故;若未來法完全無有,於三有無貪者也應生起貪惑。
(應非勤解脫,解脫無未來,是則無貪者,應亦起貪惑。)
15. 若執果先有,造宮舍嚴具,柱等則唐捐,果先無亦爾。
[索]如果執著未來果法先有存在,那麼建造宮室房舍,嚴飾柱子等一切作為應成唐捐;執著未來果法先前無有,也是如此。
問曰:雖然已破過去和未來,但現在應實有存在,若現在也無,即成斷滅一切存在顯現。可以觀察,任何一個法,可以轉變成現在法,比如說過去的牛奶,其未來法是酸奶;透過種種因緣,過去的牛奶可以轉變為現在的酸奶,其未來法也得到現前,以此應知現在實有存在。
16. 諸法有轉變,慧者未曾有,唯除無智人,妄分別為有。
[索]即使諸法實有轉變,意識也不能緣執;雖然如是,你等無智愚人,卻妄計實有現在。
(諸法有轉變,意亦不能緣,雖爾無智人,妄計有現在。)
問曰:時是實有,因為有安立時的因——有為法存在,依靠這些有為法的不斷存在顯現,即可了知時法實有,比如依過去現在未來的瓶子,即可無誤證實三世時法的實有。
17. 無常何有住,住無有何體,初若有住者,後應無變衰。
[索]無常法怎麼會有自性的住呢?而無有安住之法怎麼會有實體呢?最初若實有安住之法,以後應永遠無有異滅變衰。
18. 譬如無一識,能了於二義;如是無一義,二識所能知。
[索]譬如無有一識,能了別二種義相;同樣無有一種義相,為前後二剎那識所能了知。
問曰:住有實體,因為它是現在式的能立故。若無有住,現在式即成無有,如是則壞滅一切名言。
19. 時若有餘住,住則不成時,時若餘住無,後滅應非有。
[索]若時法本身以外有其餘能依異體的住,住則不成為時法;如是時法無住,以安住無有故,其後的變滅也非有。
(時若有餘住,住則不成時;無住住無故,後滅亦非有。)
問曰:住實有本體,因為住是無常故;若住無體,則不可能成立住的無常。
20. 法與無常異,法則非無常;法與無常一,法應非有住。
[索]有為法與無常異體,有為法則不是無常;有為法與無常一體,有為法則應無有成實的住。
問曰:有為法在住的時候,住的力大,而無常力小,力小的無常不能摧壞力大的住,故有為法有安住,有安住則為實有。
21. 無常初即劣,住力定應強;此二復何緣,後見成顛倒。
[索]如果有為法開始時無常力劣小,安住力強大,那麼此二力又以什麼原因,在後來現見成為與初時顛倒即無常力大住力小的情況呢?
22. 若遍諸法體,無常力初劣,應都無有住,或一切皆常。
[索]若無常力遍及諸有為法體,且非為弱劣,則諸法應都無有安住;如果不是這樣,則一切皆應為常。
(若遍諸法體,無常力非劣,應都無有住,或一切皆常。)
23. 無常若恆有,住相應常無;或彼法先常,後乃非常住。
[索]無常若與有為法恆時俱有,安住相則應恆常不存在;若有不然,彼等有為法應成原先為常住,而後是非常住之法。
24. 若法無常俱,而定有住者,無常相應妄,或住相應虛。
[索]若有為法與無常同時俱有,而有為法又決定實有住者,那麼無常相應成虛妄,或住相應成虛妄不實。
問曰:時是實有,因為依過去法即可證實過去式的存在。過去法可以依有過去的憶念成立,如佛陀也說過「過去世作過如是如是事」,而且每一個正常人皆有過去式的憶念,因此過去法等現量可成立實有存在。
25. 無所見見無,迴心緣妄境,是故唯虛假,有憶念名生。
[索]已經見過的法不會再見,不能在後來生起緣前境的心識,所以只是虛妄的心念,緣虛妄無實的境生起過去的回憶。
(已見法不現,非後能生心,故唯虛妄念,緣虛妄境生。)
CHAPTER 11
251. The present pot and the past one
Do not exist in the future pot.
Since both would be future,
The future would not exist.
252. If a disintegrated thing exists as
A future entity in the future,
How can what is future in nature
Become that which is past?
253. Because of being future in nature
A future functional thing
Is thus present
And cannot be future.
254. If the future, past and present exist,
What does not exist?
How can there be impermanence
For one for whom all times exist?
255. If it has passed beyond the past
Why is it the past?
If it has not passed beyond the past
Why is it the past?
255. If it has passed beyond the past
Why is it the past?
If it has not passed beyond the past
Why is it the past?
257. If the future is impermanent because
Though not produced it disintegrates,
Since the past does not disintegrate
Why not consider it permanent?
258. If the past and present
Are not impermanent,
The third which is different
From these is also not.
259. If a thing which will be produced
Later, exists beforehand,
The contention of Niyativadins
Is not erroneous.
260. To say something which will be made to occur
Already exists is unreasonable.
If that which exists is produced,
What has been produced will arise again.
261. If future things are seen,
Why is the non-existent not seen?
For one for whom the future exists
There can be no distant [time].
262. If virtue exists though nothing is done,
Resolute restraint is meaningless.
If even a little is done
The effect cannot exist.
263. If they are impermanent
How can it be said effects exist?
That which has a beginning and end
Is called impermanent in the world.
264. Liberation will occur without exertion;
For the liberated there is no future;
Or otherwise, if this were so,
Desire would arise without attachment.
265. For those who assert effects exist,
And for those who assert effects do not exist,
Adornments like pillars and so forth
For a home are purposeless.
266. The transformation of things also
Is not perceived even by the mind.
Those who lack wisdom nevertheless
Think that the present exists.
267. How can there be things with no duration?
Being impermanent, how can they endure?
If they had duration first,
They would not grow old in the end.
268. Just as a single consciousness
Cannot apprehend two objects,
Similarly two consciousnesses
Cannot apprehend one object.
269. If time has duration
Duration is not time.
If it has not, without duration
There will also be no end.
270. If impermanence and things are separate
Things are not impermanent.
If one, since things are precisely that which is
Impermanent, how can they have duration?
270. If impermanence and things are separate
Things are not impermanent.
If one, since things are precisely that which is
Impermanent, how can they have duration?
272. If impermanence is not weaker
And is present in all things,
None of them will have duration
Or not all are impermanent.
273. If there is always impermanence,
There cannot always be duration;
Or else that which was permanent
Later becomes impermanent.
274. If things have duration
And impermanence together,
Either it is wrong that things are impermanent,
Or duration is a fallacy.
275. Things seen do not reappear,
Nor does awareness arise again.
Thus memory is in fact deceived
With regard to a deceptive object.