四 明破我執方便品
1. 我我所驕傲,世智者誰起,以一切有情,諸境皆共故。
[索]我與我所的驕傲,世間的智者誰會起呢?因為一切有情及諸器界外境,都是眾生共業所感共同受用的,而非國王一人所有。
問曰:國王對世間事業有權勢做出決定,難道這不是應該驕傲之處嗎?
2. 六分雇公僕,汝有何所驕,隨所負責任,要待他授給。
[索]“王”只是眾人以六分之一稻穀雇傭的公僕,你有什麼值得驕傲呢?王的權位要隨著所負擔的責任才有,而且要觀待他人授給。
問曰:國王有佈施財物及徵收賦稅的權力,難道這不是應生驕傲之處嗎?
3. 如傭得所得,思主為施者,主給所應給,自矜為施主。
[索]國王徵收賦稅就象傭人得到所應得的薪資,應思念主人是施者,主人在給予所應給的財物,而國王驕矜地以施主自視,是不應理的。
問曰:國王有權力受用常人無法得到的五欲境,所以應當驕傲。
4. 餘視為苦處,汝起顛倒念,以他事存活,汝由何生喜。
[索]其餘人視為苦惱之處,而你生起安樂的顛倒念引以為驕傲,依靠給他人做事而存活,你有什麼理由生歡喜呢?
問曰:國王是一個國家的守護者,其臣民都要依靠他,因此應當驕傲。
5. 王是護世者,亦為世所護,由一而生驕,餘何不離驕。
[索]國王是保護世間者,亦為世間人所保護;如果以保護世間這一種理由而驕傲,那麼以另外為眾人所保護的理由,為何不遠離驕傲呢?
問曰:國王是眾人生命財產的保護者,而保護眾生的福德非常大,所以應當驕傲。
6. 種中喜自業,存活者難得,若汝獲不善,汝難得善趣。
[索]諸種姓中每一種姓的人總是喜愛自己的業務而辛勤勞作,然而順利地存活仍然難得,如果象你這樣掠奪眾財,則必然獲得不善業,以此你很難得到生善趣的果報。
問曰:王位是世間令人羡慕的高位,作為國王有至高的權力地位,所以應該驕傲。
7. 若由他使作,世說彼為愚,如汝隨他轉,更無有餘者。
[索]如果聽由他人的指使而作,世間會說那是愚癡者;象國王你一樣的人即是隨他而轉者,而更沒有其餘的作用。
問曰:世人需要國王保護,而國王以護世者的身份收取賦稅等,是合理合法的自主行為,所以應當驕傲。
8. 要由我保護,取世間工資,若自作罪惡,無悲誰同彼。
[索]以世人需要由我來保護,而榨取世間眾人的人力與資財,象這種自己造作罪惡的國王,還有誰與他一樣無有悲心呢?
問曰:國王行持國政時,雖然要做一些嚴厲懲罰罪人的事,但這是為保護世人利益而做的正當行為,所以嚴懲惡人是合法合理的,非是國王沒有悲心。
9. 若作罪眾生,非是所悲憫,則愚夫異生,皆非所庇護。
[索]如果造作罪行的眾生,不是所應悲湣的對象,則所有愚夫異生都不應是所庇護的對象。
問曰:為了保護眾生而懲罰罪人,國王應當無罪,因為這樣做符合許多教派的教義和世俗中的法規。
10. 自生歡喜因,隨處皆非無,由教等為因,不能滅非福。
[索]自己將非法妄執為生歡喜的因,這種情況隨處都是有的,行持非法時由這些邪教等作為根據,不能滅盡非福而成為福德。
問曰:保護世間即是能得增上生的善法,所以國王以保護世間為目的所作的治罰暴惡等行為,應承認為法。
11. 若謂正防護,國王便為法,煩惱諸匠人,何緣不成法。
[索]如果說能真正防護世間,國王的作為便是法,那麼有煩惱的各種工匠以保護自他的原因,為什麼不成為善法呢?
問曰:具足福報智慧的國王,能妥善地保護其子民,因而廣受世人的愛戴擁護,對這樣的國王不應呵毀。
12. 世間依國王,國王尤可訶,喻善訶有愛,普為世間母。
[索]世間人們所依順的國王,這樣的國王更應該訶責,比喻象那些聖者善士,也訶責能生三有的愛,此無明愛著遍為世間之母故。
問曰:國王能以悲湣心而保護世間,所以國王所行的是法。
13. 非愚不得王,愚人無悲憫,國王雖護者,無悲不住法。
[索]不是愚癡者則不會得王位,而愚人不會有悲湣心,所以國王雖然是世間保護者,卻因無悲湣而不會住於善法中。
問曰:諸仙人所作的論典中說,按刹帝利種族的法律行事,雖然損害他人,也無有罪過,因此不應呵責國王為非法。
14. 諸仙一切行,智者不全為,以彼諸仙中,有劣中勝故。
[索]諸仙人論典中所說一切行為,智者不會全部照做,因為彼等仙人中,有劣、中、勝差別的緣故。
問曰:古代國王以君規典章治理國家,有效地保護了世間人,所以仙人的典章應該隨順。
15. 往昔諸善王,護世如愛子,諸依諍世法,今如鹿曠野。
[索]往昔諸賢善的君主,護持世人如同愛護子女一樣;後來諸國王依據諍世的法規治理天下,使現今世間變得人煙稀少如同野鹿出沒的曠野。
問曰:國王如果有機會,損惱那些為害自己及世間的仇人,按世俗典章所說,這並不是非法。
16. 若得便為害,國王無罪者,盜賊便害他,最初亦非有。
[索]如果得到便利機會為害強盜等仇人,而國王無有罪過,那麼盜賊趁機損害他人,他最初亦應當無有罪過。
問曰:國王差遣戰士進行戰爭,如果戰士打敗敵人,能得財產功勳;如果為國王而戰死殺場,也能得到增上生的善果。
17. 若於酒等事,捨財非供養,陣中捨自身,豈思為供養。
[索]如果為了飲酒等事情而舍財產,這並非是供養,同樣于戰陣中舍自身命,難道能認為是供養善行嗎?
問曰:國王是世間一切人的依怙,所以對國王應生歡喜。
18. 國王護世間,汝全無依怙,怙者自無助,誰能生歡喜。
[索]國王你雖然在保護世間,但是你自己卻無有真正的依怙力量,這種對自己毫無幫助的依怙者,誰能對其生起歡喜心呢?
問曰:不能懲治他人,國王就沒有威勢名望,只有猛厲地治罰他人,國王死後才能得到大名稱,所以國王應嚴厲地治罰他人。
19. 國王命終後,名稱無少德,無德與屠狗,何無大名稱。
[索]國王命終之後,其名稱無有少分能滅罪業的功德,既無功德,則不會有真實的大名稱,如果無德也能帶來大名稱,那麼屠夫在狗面前施威,他為何沒有大名稱呢?
問曰:具足刹帝利種姓的王子,當紹王位,因此王子應當驕傲。
20. 若時大權勢,由自福德招,是則不可說,此終無權勢。
[索]若現時的大權勢,是由自己往昔所作福德業感召,如是則不能說,別人始終無有這種權勢。
問曰:當國王是刹帝利種姓的特權,其他種姓皆無此殊榮,因此以刹帝利種姓的尊貴而生驕慢是應當的。
21. 諸生活方便,世間說名種,故一切有情,無種姓差別。
[索]由各種生活方便的不同,世間才說有各種種姓,因此就一切有情的本體,並無種姓差別。
問曰:四種姓是從遠古時代就已決定的,因此就種姓血統而言,現在刹帝利種姓的本體與其他種姓有差別,由此應當驕傲。
22. 過去時久遠,女性意動搖,是故剎帝利,非由種姓生。
[索]過去的時間久遠,而女性對男人的心意容易動搖,所以現在的刹帝利種姓並非一定是由刹帝利種姓而生。
問曰:刹帝利種姓血統不一定清淨,也許是事實,然而從所作事業方面說,保護世間者為刹帝利種姓,由此超越了其他種姓,應當驕傲。
23. 首陀由作業,既成剎帝利,首陀由作業,何非婆羅門。
[索]首陀羅種姓者由作保護世間的事業,既然能成刹帝利種姓,那麼首陀羅由作讀誦吠陀等事業,以何理由不能成為婆羅門種姓呢?
問曰:國王具足大權勢,能隨意為眾人分佈發放財富等,由此應生驕傲。
24. 如王分權利,不能分罪惡,智者誰為他,自摧毀後世。
[索]如同國王分佈財富權位一樣分佈罪惡,是不能做到的,因此智者誰會為了他人的小利樂而摧毀自己後世的安樂呢?
問曰:國王有至高無上的自在權勢,所以應該驕慢。
25. 自在所起慢,當觀他有勢,若等若增勝,善士心不起。
[索]如果有以自在權勢所起的我慢,應當觀察他人也有權勢,或者與自己相等,或者他人增勝,有此等善思維分別慧的士夫,自心決定不會生起我慢。
The Four Hundred Verses ---Translated by Ruth Sonam
CHAPTER 4
76. Who that is wise about worldly existence
Would be arrogant, thinking "I" and mine",
For all things belong equally
To all embodied beings.
77. Society's servant, paid with a sixth part,
Why are you so arrogant?
Your becoming the agent of actions
Depends on being placed in control.
78. When those in his care receive their due,
They think of their master as the giver.
When the master gives what is to be given,
He thinks with conceit, "I am the giver."
79. That which you wrongly regard,
Others [consider] a source of suffering.
Living by working for others,
What causes you pleasure?
80. When a ruler seems to be the protector
Of his people, as well as protected,
Why be proud because of the one?
Why not free from pride because of the other?
81. Those in each caste prefer their own work;
Thus a living is hard to find.
If you become non-virtuous
Good transmigrations will be scarce for you.
82. Those who act at others' insistence
Are called fools on this earth.
There is no one else at all
So dependent on others as you.
83. Claiming: "Protection depends on me,"
You take payment from the people,
But if you perform ill deeds,
Who is equally merciless?
84. If people who do ill deeds
Should not be treated with mercy,
All ordinary childish people
Would also not need to be protected.85. There is nothing that will not serve
As a reason for happiness.
Reasons such as scriptural statements
Will not destroy demerit.
86. If giving proper protection is
A ruler's religious practice,
Why would the toil of artisans too
Not be religious practice?
This example shows the ruler on whom
The people rely as reprehensible.
The excellent see attachment to existence
As mother of all those in the world.
87.
88. The sensible do not acquire kingship.
Since fools have no compassion,
These merciless rulers of men,
Although protectors, are irreligious.
89. Sages' activities are not all
[Actions] that the wise perform,
For there are inferior,
Mediocre and superior ones.
90. Virtuous rulers of the past
Protected the people like their children.
Through the practices of this time of strife
It is now like a waste without wildlife.
91. If a king who seizes the occasion
To harm is not doing wrong,
Then others, too, such as thieves
Have not done so in the first place.
92. If giving all one has for liquor
And so on is not an offering,
Why consider it an offering
To give oneself in battle?
93. You, the king, guardian of the people,
Have no guardian yourself.
Since your guardianship does not
Release you, who would be happy?
94. Though a king is famous after his death
It will bring no benefit.
Do you, being worthless, and those who
Cook dogs not have notoriety?
1195. When all power and wealth
Are produced by merit,
It cannot be said that this one
Will not be a basis for power and wealth.
96. In the world caste is determined
With regard to the main means of livelihood.
There is no division among
All sentient beings by way of caste.
Since it was very long ago
And women's minds are fickle,
There is no one from the caste
Known as the royal caste.
97.
98. If even one of common caste
Through his work could become royal caste,
One might wonder why even a commoner
Should not become Brahmin through his work.
99. A king's ill deeds cannot be
Distributed like his wealth.
What wise person ever destroys
Their future for another's sake?
100. Pride caused by power and wealth,
Once one has looked at others
With equal or superior power,
Does not remain in the hearts of the wise.