2024年3月28日 星期四

中觀四百論-第七品 明人遠離貪著欲財方便品

 第七 明人遠離貪著欲財方便品
問曰:輪回世間有何過患,為什麼要生起怖畏厭離呢?
1. 於此大苦海,畢竟無邊際,愚夫沉此中,云何不生畏。
[索]於此三界大苦海中輪回,畢竟無有邊際,愚昧的凡夫異生沉溺於此生死苦海中,有什麼理由不生畏懼呢?
月稱菩薩言:血淚滉漾聚,老死波濤蕩,無邊苦海中,沉溺何不畏?

問曰:輪回生死雖有諸多過患,然而處在青春韶華的年代中,又何必怖畏呢?
2. 韶華適落後,復又現於前,雖住此世間,現見如賽跑。
[索]美好的青春時光剛剛謝落之後,可惡的衰老死亡又會現於眼前,雖然耽著住於韶華時代,但此世間現見青春老死如同賽跑一樣,刹那變化不停而無恒住。
月稱菩薩言:此等諸眾生,各自業所感,恒時受生死,如同賽跑爾。

問曰:即生中不厭離也可以,反正會有後世,因此不用怖畏。
3. 汝於三有中,非能隨願往,隨他轉無畏,豈成有慧者。
[索]你在三有輪回中,不可能隨意願自在生往人天善趣,而是完全隨業惑而轉,如果對此不生怖畏,難道能成為有智慧的人嗎?
月稱菩薩言:漂泊輪回中,非能隨自願,皆隨業力轉,故當斷諸業。

問曰:不管怎麼說,將來總會有機會斷除生死輪回,所以今世不用出離修苦行。
4. 未來無邊際,常時為異生,如汝過去世,理應勿復爾。
[索]若不斷生死之業,未來的時間無有邊際,你將常時成為無有自在的異生凡夫,就象你在無數的過去世中一樣,所以按理不應再象以前一樣懈怠。
月稱菩薩言:為得解脫果,今生當精進,來世於佛法,亦不定生信。

問曰:生死輪回有邊際還是無有邊際呢?若有邊際,則不修也得解脫,因至邊際時輪回會自動終止;如果無邊,那麼也不用修習,因為生死無有邊際。
5. 聞者所聞教,說者皆難得,以是說生死,非有邊無邊。
[索]有閒暇聽聞教法者、所聞的聖教及開示說法者都難以具足,因此總說生死非有邊際亦非無邊際。
月稱菩薩言:具足諸因緣,方啟勝智慧,三者難得故,佛未定彼邊。

問曰:現在釋迦牟尼佛的教法還會住世,宣說教法的善知識也會不斷出世,所以我在後世努力修法斷生死亦不為遲。
6. 由於諸人類,多持不善品,以是諸異生,多墮於惡趣。
[索]由於在南瞻部洲的人道有情,大多數行持不善惡業,以此諸隨業流轉的異生,多半會墮於惡趣。
月稱菩薩言:眾生趣異處,或諸各自行,眾多趣行者,此名為異生。

問曰:惡趣是無暇處,有眾苦逼惱,所以應厭離;但是人天善趣是安樂生處,不應厭離。
7. 地上惡異熟,故意為損惱,聖者觀三有,等同備宰處。
[索]凡是地上的眾生都受著惡業異熟果,唯有見到他們都在為各種痛苦所損惱,因此聖者們觀看三有世間與待宰處等同。
月稱菩薩言:地上世間眾,感召前世業,種種異熟果,唯見損惱矣。

問曰:如果聖者觀三有等同備宰處,那麼世間人為何不生怖畏厭離呢?
8. 若識不正住,世說為顛狂;則住三有者,智誰說非狂。
[索]如果意識思想不能正常安住,世人都會說其為顛狂者,那麼以顛倒實執而住於迷亂三有者,智者誰會說他們不是瘋狂者呢?
月稱菩薩言:凡人皆顛狂,所作皆非理,業力所化眾,誰說非顛狂。

問曰:輪回中誠然有痛苦,而這些輪回痛苦是不能由自己主宰的,如此怎樣才能消除痛苦呢?
9. 現見行等苦,違時則消失,以是具慧者,發心盡諸業。
[索]現見行等威儀所引生的苦,改為其相違的威儀時則會消失,以此具有智慧者,應發心斷盡能引後有眾苦的諸業。
月稱菩薩言:如人身安樂,從而心亦樂;如是盡惑業,則生盡業樂。

問曰:輪回究竟有何怖畏,為什麼要努力斷除有漏業呢?
10. 若時隨一果,初因不可見,一果見多因,誰能不生畏。
[索]如果任何時候隨舉一果法,它的最初生因誰亦不能現見,從一個果法亦能現見眾多因緣,以此誰能對業因不生怖畏呢?
月稱菩薩說:因時無邊故,眾生無初始,是故誰能知,眾生之開端。 

問曰:不管追求何種世間盛事,只要努力皆能得到一定成果,因此世間的作為還是很有意義。
11. 既非一切果,決定能成辦,所辦一定滅,為彼何自害。
[索]既然不是一切果都可以決定能成辦,而且所成辦的也一定會壞滅,因此為什麼要為這些事而害自己呢?
月稱菩薩言:所作一切事,亦不一定成,所成一切事,最終決定滅。

12. 業由功所造,作已無功滅,雖如是而汝,於業不離染。
[索]一切有漏業皆由功用而造成,作成以後無需功用即會自動壞滅,雖然如是,而你對有漏業仍然不離貪著。
月稱菩薩所言:因緣積聚後,業由功所造,一旦無功用,彼等自然滅。

問曰:雖然用力創造事業最後決定壞滅,但業是樂因,所以應該貪著。
13. 過去則無樂,未來亦非有,現在亦行性,汝勞竟何為。
[索]已過去則無有真實的安樂,未來亦不會有真實安樂,現在亦唯是刹那無常變滅的遷流之性,因此你辛苦勞作究竟在為什麼呢?
月稱菩薩言:刹那不停心,觀察三時中,不可得安樂,為何徒造業?

問曰:若造善業,則能獲得增上生的安樂,因而應愛著有漏善業。
14. 智者畏天趣,亦等同地獄,彼等於三有,難得不生畏。
[索]智者們畏懼善趣,也等同於地獄一般,他們於三有世間,難得不生起畏怖。

問曰:若人天善趣等同地獄一樣可畏,那人天有情為何不生畏懼呢?

15. 若凡夫亦知,一切生死苦,則於彼剎那,身心同毀滅。
[索]假如凡夫亦能如聖者一樣,現量了知三有一切生死諸苦,則於了知之刹那,其身心會因無法承受而崩潰毀滅。
月稱菩薩言:如諸佛照見,諸業之果報,若凡夫亦知,刹那即昏厥。

問曰:雖然惡趣的眾苦難忍,但是我現在可以努力保持種姓、財富等安樂享受,乃至以方便一直保持至後世,這樣不就可以不生畏懼厭離嗎?
16. 有情無慢少,有慢則無悲,從明至明者,故說極難得。
[索]凡夫有情無有傲慢者極少,具有傲慢則無有悲湣,以此要從善趣至善趣,佛經中說非常難得。

問曰:若捨棄一切現世五欲貪執,而以積集福業求生天的善果,那是否合理呢?
17. 棄捨此境已,要求得境界,如是顛倒法,何因許為正。
[索]棄舍此等已得的安樂境後,又要希求悅意果的境界,這樣的顛倒法,能以什麼原因許為正確呢?

問曰:世間的財富能為自己帶來受用安樂,所以應該為了財富等而積聚善業。
18. 福果為財富,常須防護他,若常防他者,如何為我所。
[索]世人的福德善行果是財富,而財富需要恒常防護他緣侵害,如果要常常防護他緣,怎麼能稱為我所擁有之福果呢?

問曰:貪求善趣福果而修施等善業誠然是顛倒,那麼遵循世間共許的法規應合理吧。
19. 世間諸規律,隨彼行名法,是故較於法,世間力尤強。
[索]世間各種各樣的規律中,只有隨順世人當時所行持的才被名為法,所以與法規本身相較之下,世間人的風俗習慣力量尤其強盛。

問曰:世間安樂來自享用可意境,而可意境是福業之果,所以為求安樂理應修福業。
20. 境由善可愛,彼境亦為惡,捨彼成吉祥,修彼復何為。
[索]色聲等境由於被認為善妙而覺得可愛,但是這些五欲境亦為求解脫者所厭惡,而捨棄彼等即成為吉祥,因此修福求彼等又有什麼必要呢?

問曰:為五欲境雖然不應以貪心造業,但是世間的王位權勢是安樂之因,所以為求權勢而修福是應理行為。
21. 誰不用教敕,彼則不需法,誰求得教敕,是眾中愚人。
[索]誰人不用教誡命令,則他不需要權勢等世間法;誰人希求得到教敕權,那他是眾人中的愚人。

問曰:為求後世的富饒安樂果而積集福業,難道不合理嗎?
22. 由見未來果,汝貪愛法者,見貪未來邊,豈不畏何為。
[索]由於想到了未來的果報,你即貪愛施捨等有漏善法,那想到貪愛未來福果的惡趣邊際,難道能不生畏懼,到底是為什麼呢?

問曰:如何才能斷除為後世積集福業與非福業的行為呢?
23. 如傭人修福,全同為工資,若尚不樂善,何能作不善。
[索]如果為後世安樂而修福業,就完全與傭人為得到工資而做事相同;若智者對這些善業尚不樂意,又怎麼能作不善業呢?

問曰:如何才能永斷愛染而得到解脫勝位呢?
24. 若誰見眾生,如機關幻人,彼等極明顯,能趣於勝位。
[索]如果誰人能現見眾生,如同機關幻人一般,他們極明顯地能趣入解脫勝位。

25. 若誰於生死,諸境皆不喜,則彼於此間,都無可愛樂。
[索]若誰人對於生死中的諸欲樂境,皆不愛著歡喜,則他對於此輪回世間中的一切,都無有可愛樂之處。

CHAPTER 7
151. When there is no end at all
To this ocean of suffering,
Why are you childish people
Not afraid of drowning in it?
152. Youth lies behind and then
Once more it is ahead.
Though [one imagines] it will last,
In this world it is like a race.
153. In worldly existence there is never
Rebirth of one's own free will.
Being under others' control,
Who with intelligence would be fearless?
154. The future is endless and
You were always a common being.
Act so that it will never again
Be as it was in the past.
155. The conjunction of a listener,
What is to be heard and an exponent
Is very rare; thus, in brief, the cycle of
Rebirths neither has nor has not an end.
156. Most people cling to
An unwholesome direction.
Thus certainly most common beings
Go to bad transmigrations.
157. On earth the maturation of ill deeds
Is seen to be only deleterious.
Thus to the wise the world appears
Similar to a slaughterhouse.
158. If one is insane because
One's mind is unstable,
What wise person would say that those
In worldly existence are not insane?
159. The pain of walking, one sees,
Decreases when doing the opposite.
Thus the intelligent generate
The intention to end all action.
19160. When a single effect's original cause
Is not seen, and one sees the extensiveness
With regard to even a single effect,
Who would not be afraid?
161. Since all results will not definitely
Be achieved, and those that are
Will certainly come to an end,
Why exhaust [yourself] for their sake?
162. Work done with effort, effortlessly
Disintegrates once it is done.
Though this is so, still you are not
At all free from attachment to actions.
163. There is no pleasure in relation to
Either the past or the future.
That which occurs now, too, is passing.
Why do you weary yourself?
164. The wise feel the same fear even for
A high rebirth as for the hells.
It is rare indeed for a worldly state
Not to produce fear in them.
165. If childish people ever perceived
The suffering of cyclic existence,
At that moment both their mind
[And body] would completely fail.
166. People without pride are rare,
And the proud have no compassion.
Thus it is said to be very rare
To go from light to light.
167. Whoever renounces them now
Will, it is said, obtain sense objects.
For what reason would such perverse
Practice be considered correct?
168. Wealth, the result of merit,
Must be thoroughly protected from others.
How can that which must be constantly
Protected from others be one's own?
169. Different social customs
Are termed "religious practices".
Thus it seems as if society has
More influence than religious practices.

170. Through virtue there are attractive objects;
Such objects, too, are considered bad.
By giving them up, one will be happy.
What need is there to acquire them?
171. For one not in need of authority,
Practices for that [end] are meaningless.
Whoever strives for authority
Is called a fool among men.
172. With a view to future effects
You grasp at practices out of greed.
When you see the future outcome
Why are you not afraid?
173. As for a wage-earner, merit is
In every way just like a wage.
How could those who do not want
Virtue do what is non-virtuous?
174. Whoever sees phenomena as like
A collection of mechanical devices
And like illusory beings,
Most clearly reaches the excellent state.
175. For those who do not enjoy
Any objects in cyclic existence
It is altogether impossible
To take pleasure in this [world].