第三 明破淨執方便品
問曰:身體的本性雖然是苦,但依可意的受用境,享受滿足之時即有快樂生起。如果恒時享用這樣的美境而不間斷,即可恒時保持快樂,所以應當極力追求可意境享受安樂。
1.雖經久受用,境無窮盡際,如惡醫治病,汝身勞無果。
[索]雖然經過長久的受用,然而欲樂境永無窮盡之際,就象庸醫治病,藥不對症一般,你想依受用欲樂境來為身體除苦予樂,那只會徒勞無果。
問曰:雖然有貪欲便會引生痛苦,但是人們在享受美境滿足欲望之後,對美境不是可以沒有貪愛了嗎?
2.如有依土蟲,愛土終不息,如是愛欲人,欲望增亦爾。
[索]如同有些依土生活的蟲子,對土壤的貪愛終究不會止息;同樣,貪愛欲樂的人,欲望會不斷增長,也象土蟲一樣。
問曰:對一般姿色平平的女人,如果想到過患,也可遮止貪愛,但是對那些姿色特別豔麗的女人,如同酥油遇火一般,無法遮止貪愛。
3.一切諸婦女,稠密無差異,色亦為他用,美女汝何為。
[索]一切婦女的不淨身,與之稠密交會並無好壞差別,而其外表容貌姿色也是他人所共用用的,所以你貪著美女幹什麼呢?
問曰:雖然外表顏色不是生貪的主因,但是依美貌的女人,會得到很大的快樂,所以應該貪愛美色。
4.誰於誰悅意,彼由彼生喜,犬等亦所共,惡慧汝何貪。
[索]誰人對誰人感到悅意時,就會由接觸對方而生起歡喜,這是犬等旁生也共有的習性,所以惡劣的顛倒分別念,你為什麼還要貪著美色呢?
問曰:美貌悅意的女人非常難得,如果得到了那不是很稀有嗎?所以應當對她生貪愛。
5.汝得端正女,原為眾人共,獲彼汝覺奇,此奇實非有。
[索]你現在所得到的面貌端正之女,原先是眾人所共有的,獲得這樣的眾所共女,你覺得稀有難得,這種稀奇實際上是不應有的。
問曰:雖然不應貪愛女人,但是有些女人具足稟性善良、品行端正等德相,對這樣的女人難道不可以愛著嗎?
6.具德則覺愛,相違則生瞋,不決定住故,前後何者實。
[索]若見女人具足德相則覺得可愛,而對有與德相違之過失者則生嗔恨,然而一個人相續中的功德過失不會決定安住,那麼前後功過何者為實呢?
問曰:雖然對有過失的女人應生嗔,但是對具有德相的女人,只見其賢善可愛的德相,而不見其他,以此為因,難道不是會自然生貪愛嗎?
7.愚夫起貪欲,非唯具德者,無因而轉趣,其滅豈從因。
[索]愚夫生起貪欲的對境,不唯是具有德相者;無因就生起貪愛者,其不生貪愛難道是因為不具德相嗎?
問曰:有些女人特別愛自己的男人,甚至在丈夫死後能自殺殉情,對這樣忠情于己的女人,難道不可以愛著嗎?
8.若時未知他,爾時愛其夫,婦女如惡症,常應防外緣。
[索]如果沒有了知與其他男人交合的樂受,那時才會愛著她的丈夫,所以婦女象惡症一樣極易感染,應該恒常防止她與其他男子的外緣接觸。
問曰:有些典籍中說,在年輕時依女人享受欲樂,這樣做極為合理,也是有功德的,難道這些說法不應理嗎?
9.壯年自所作,老時不樂彼,如何解脫者,於彼不憂惱。
[索]世人在壯年時所作的貪愛行為,到了老年時也不會再樂於這些惡行,而那些解脫者,又如何不對這些貪欲惡行憂惱呵斥呢?
問曰:對欲界的眾生而言,依異性所生之樂是最大的快樂,為了這種快樂貪著女人又有何不應理呢?
10.不貪者無樂,非愚亦無貪,若意常外馳,彼樂為何等。
[索]不貪女色者,緣女人不生安樂,不是愚者,即有智者也無有貪愛。如果心意因貪求女人而經常向外散亂馳騁,那麼這種安樂算是什麼樣的安樂呢?
問曰:雖然在追逐與女人相會的過程中會有求不得等許多的痛苦,但是如果自己得到了女人,可以恒時攝持為己有,而依之享受安樂,因此,追求女人、攝持女人很有必要。
11.如汝常愛重,不能常與合,屬我非他有,此攝持何為。
[索]如果你能恒常愛重女人,也不可能常時與她享受交合的快樂,因此,執著女人歸屬于我而非他人所有,這種攝持女人為己有的行為,又有什麼用呢?
問曰:雖然無法常時受用女色,但是世人常說,貪欲即是安樂,無有女人則得不到快樂,所以為保持安樂應貪愛女人。
12.若貪即是樂,婦女應無用,未曾見有說,樂是所棄捨。
[索]如果貪欲就是快樂,那麼婦女應成無用,因為依女人而暫息貪欲,則快樂亦同時消失,但未曾見過有世人說:安樂是應該棄舍的。
問曰:不管怎麼說,與女人相合即可得到安樂,所以女人是安樂之因,作為求世間安樂者,理應貪愛女人。
13.雖與婦相合,樂從餘緣生,非愚孰妄執,唯婦為樂因。
[索]雖然與婦人相合會有樂受,但這些樂受是從其餘因緣生起,若不是愚者,誰會迷妄地計執,只有婦人是唯一的樂因呢?
問曰:如果貪欲非樂因,那麼世間男人數數追求女人又怎麼會有安樂生起呢?因此,可了知依貪欲一定能得真實安樂。
14.貪蔽如搔癩,不見欲過失,離欲者則見,貪苦如癩者。
[索]貪者為貪欲障蔽就如同患癩病者搔癢,不見欲樂的過失;而遠離了貪欲的聖者,則能現見有情貪愛之苦如同患癩病的人一樣。
問曰:追求女人雖然有痛苦,但是她有嬌媚可愛的身姿,依之能獲得安樂,所以即使她對追求者有唾駡等動作,也應忍受。
15.無怙饑所迫,饑時所動作,貪者遇女時,動作亦如是。
[索]無有依怙的人為饑餓所迫,乞食充饑時會忍受輕賤羞辱而做出諂媚的動作;貪愛女人者遇到女人時,所做動作也是同樣的。
問曰:如果女人非真實的樂因,那怎麼會有人因貪愛女人而嫉妒其他人呢?由此事實可證明女人是真實的樂因,應該貪愛。
16.有由驕傲故,於廁亦生著,有者貪其婦,於他起嫉心。
[索]有些富人由於驕傲的原因,對廁所也會生起執著,同樣有些人因貪愛自己的婦人,對別人也會生起嫉妒心。
問曰:女身雖然不淨,然依靠她能生起安樂,所以為追求安樂而貪愛她,難道不應理嗎?
17.於不淨起癡,起瞋較應理,於彼起貪愛,畢竟不應理。
[索]於不淨物女身生起愚癡或生起嗔恨心比較合理,但對她生起貪愛,畢竟是不合道理的。
問曰:雖然身體不淨,但以世俗層次而言,女人並沒有不淨過失,如世間人公認:婆羅門比其他階層的人清淨,而女人比諸人更潔淨。所以不應呵毀女人。
18.除人不淨器,尚為所應呵,不淨所從出,何不思呵毀。
[索]除了瘋狂者以外,常人於不淨器尚認為是應該呵斥厭惡的物件,那麼對不淨物出生之處的身體,有什麼理由不思呵毀呢?
問曰:雖然女人身體中有一些不淨物,但是也應有一些潔淨可愛之處,因為世間男人都覺得女人的身體很可愛,能使自己生起歡喜心,如果沒有潔淨處,那怎麼會生歡喜心呢?
19.若一切淨物,後觸成不淨,智人誰能說,彼中有淨性。
[索]如果一切原先為潔淨的物品,後來與身體接觸,變成了不淨,那麼有智慧的人,誰能說這種身體中有清淨性質呢?
問曰:身體應該是乾淨的,因為現見有許多人為自己的身體而驕傲。
20.有唯住穢室,無穢則不住,於彼不淨蟲,愚故生驕傲。
[索]胎生有情最初有身時,唯是住在母胎穢室中,若無有母胎不淨血水等則不能存活,對這樣的不淨蟲,因為愚癡才會執為潔淨而生起驕傲。
問曰:雖然身體有不淨成份,但是依洗滌能消除這些垢穢,所以身體肯定是清淨的。
21.隨用何方便,身內不能淨,汝應勤淨內,非如是淨外。
[索]任隨用何種方便清潔體表,身內也不可能乾淨,你應勤奮地清淨不淨物之源的身體內部,而不應如是的只淨除外表。
問曰:世間有些清淨的苦行仙人,都樂於親近女身,由此可見女身必定會有功德,不應舍離。
22.若具污穢身,如癩非眾同,有穢如癩者,則為眾所棄。
[索]如果有污穢的身體,就會象麻瘋病患者,行止不與清淨眾人相同;有污穢則如同癩者,為清淨眾人所棄舍。
問曰:雖然女身不淨,但依一些塗香、花鬘等裝飾,不就可以變得香潔可愛嗎?
23.如人肢殘缺,假鼻生歡喜,花等治不淨,貪著亦如是。
[索]就象有些身支殘缺沒有鼻子的人,對假鼻子也會生起歡喜執著;以花香等修治不淨身,而後對其生貪著也是同樣。
問曰:不管怎麼說,世間男人于女人會恒常生起貪愛,因此可以推知女身決定是清淨可貪愛的對境。
24.若處生離貪,彼不應名淨,決定為貪因,是事都非有。
[索]如果於女身等對境會生起離貪,彼即不應稱之為真正的潔淨可貪之物,決定是生貪愛的因,這種事任何處都不會有。
問曰:無常等四種不顛倒,於一事物上容有還是不容有呢?
25 無常與不淨,苦性及無我,總於一事上,四性皆容有。
[索]總之在同一事上,無常性與不淨性,苦性及無我性,這四種性質都是容有的。
The Four Hundred Verses ---Translated by Ruth Sonam
CHAPTER 3
51. Regardless of the amount of time,
Concerning objects there is no limit.
Your exertion for the body's sake
Is useless like a bad physician's.
52. Just as the craving for earth
Does not stop in those that subsist on it,
Similarly, longing for sensual pleasure
Grows in people as they indulge.
53. Among all women there is not the least
Difference in sexual intercourse.
When others, too, enjoy her appearance,
What use is this perfect woman to you?
54. Whoever sees her as appealing
Thinks himself satisfied with her.
Since even dogs and the like share this,
Why, fool, are you attracted?
55. This woman, every part of whom is
Lovely to you, was common to all before.
Finding her is not as
Astonishing as it is for you.
56. If those with good qualities seem attractive And their opposite
the reverse,
Which is true, former or latter?
For neither alone persists.
57. A fool's desire does not arise
Only for those with good qualities.
How can reason prevent
Those involved in it without reason?
58. As long as she knows no other
She will remain with you.
As with disease, women should always be
Kept from opportunity.
59. In old age one dislikes
What one did during youth.
Why would the liberated not
Be extremely saddened by it?
760. Those without desire have no pleasure,
Nor do those not foolish have it.
How can there be pleasure for one
Whose mind constantly strays?
61. You cannot have intercourse constantly
With a woman to match your attentiveness to her.
Why keep her possessively with the thought,
"She is mine and no one else's."
62. If desire were pleasurable
There would be no need for women.
Pleasure is not regarded as
Something of which to get rid.
63. Even in intercourse with a woman
Pleasure arises from other [factors].
What sensible person would say
It is caused just by his lover?
64. Blinded by desire they do not see
Sensuality's faults, like a leper scratching. Those free from
desire see the infatuated
As suffering like the leper.
65. During a famine the destitute,
Tormented by hunger, [bear] what occurs.
This is how all the infatuated
Behave when they are with women.
66. Through arrogance one may be
Attached even to one's privy.
Anyone infatuated with
A woman will be jealous of others
67. It is reasonable for confusion
And anger about the unclean to occur;
It is not at all reasonable
For desire to occur.
68. If, except to some people,
A pot of filth is objectionable,
Why would one not think objectionable
That from which the filth comes?
69. Clean things are looked upon
As the most worthless of all.
What intelligent person
Would say that it is clean?70. Whoever has lived in a privy
And without it would not have survived,
In such a dung-worm, arrogance
Arises only through stupidity.
71. No means whatsoever will purify
The inside of the body.
The efforts you make towards the outside
Do not match those towards the inside.
72. If, like leprosy, being full of
Urine were not common to all,
Those full of urine, just like lepers,
Would be shunned by everyone.
73. Just as someone lacking a part
Is delighted with a substitute nose,
Desire holds that impurity is
Remedied by flowers and so forth.
74. It is inappropriate to call clean that
Towards which freedom from desire arises.
Nor is there anything which is
A definitive cause of desire.
75. In summary, all four, that is
Impermanence, uncleanness, suffering
And selflessness are possible
With regard to a single [thing].